Objective To study the gait characteristics of spastic diplegia cerebral palsy children. Methods The gaits of 26 spastic diplegia cerebral palsy children were analyzed. Results and Conclusion There were significant differences between spastic diplegia cerebral palsy children and 20 healthy subjects in both temporal-spatial parameters (stride time, stride length, stance time (%), cadence, speed) and kinematic parameters (the joint angle of hip, knee, ankle occurring at heel-contact, toe-off, the maximal extension in stand phase, maximal flexion in swing phase and total excursion on sagittal plane).

Objective To explore the effect and underlying mechanism of Sarcandra glabra Nakai on radiation pneumonnopathy in miniature pigs irradiated with 60Co γ-rays.Methods Totally 60 miniature pigs were randomly divided into blank control group,irradiated group with 15 Gy of 60Co γ-rays,and intervention group administered with Sarcandra glabra Nakai at the dosage of 0.3 g/kg before 15 Gy irradiation.At 4,8,12 and 24 weeks post-irradiation,the respiratory rate and weight were observed,and a portion of the right lung tissue was taken out to conduct HE and Masson staining examination,while the expressions of TGF-β1 and TNF-α as well as the content of hydroxyproline (HP) were detected.Results The respiratory rate,the lung coefficient and the content of HP in the irradiated group showed an increasing trend at 4,8,12 and 24 weeks post-irradiation and significantly higher than those in other two groups (F =21.035,146.014,32.610,P ＜ 0.05).Those indicators were indistinguishable between the control group and intervention group at 4 and 8 weeks post-irradiation (F =0.055,2.456,5.581,P ＞ 0.05),while the indicators of the irradiation group were significantly higher than that of intervention group (F =91.897,93.149,83.487,P ＜0.05) at 12 and 24 weeks post-irradiation.The pulmonary histopathological results showed that no inflammatory response or fibrosis was found in the control group and intervention TGF-β1 and TNF-α in the intervention group were negatively expressed at 4 and 8 weeks post-irradiation and had low expressions at 12 and 24 weeks post-irradiation which was lower than that of the irradiated group.Conclusions Sarcandrae has protective effect against radiation-induced lung injury in miniature pigs probably by inhibiting the expressions of TNF-α and HP.

Aphasia is common after stroke, and seriously influences the family and social communication of the patients. As a safe and noninvasive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is used to induce or enhance neural plasticity, including promoting the recovery of aphasia after stroke. This paper reviewed mechanism of speech recovery and the application of rTMS for aphasia after stroke.

Objective To study the regularity of cerebral edema in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats and the influence of rehabilitation training on edema. Methods 120 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to normal control group (n=24), no-intervention group (n=24), resting plus natural feeding group (n=24), resting plus natural feeding and special nutrition group (n=24), and training group (n=24). Bederson score was used to evaluate the neurological function, and the dry-wet weight way was used to measure brain water content on the 1st day, 3rd day, 5th day, and 7th day. Results There was no significant difference in the other 4 groups except the normal group on the 1st day, 3rd day, and 5th day (P>0.05). However, neurological function in the training group was better than that in the other 3 groups except the normal control group on the 7th day (P<0.01). Except the normal control group, the brain water content decreased most rapidly in the training group and slowest in the resting groups after the 3rd day. Conclusion Rehabilitation training could accelerate the recovery of neurological function and release cerebral edema in rats with focal cerebral ischemia.

Exercise can improve the recovery of neural functions following ischemia in rats.The outcome is related to the injury severity, the intervention time, Methods and intensity. The time window can directly influence rehabilitation outcome.Various kinds of rehabilitative Methods may promote neural plasticity. And intensity has correlation with rehabilitation outcome. In this article, we discuss the effects of optimal intervention time for exercise, the Methods and the intensity to the recovery of neural functions in rat.

Objective To estimate effects of Qingpeng ointment on skin barrier function,and to explore their potential mechanisms.Methods A total of 12 female volunteers with xerosis on the extensor surfaces of legs were enrolled into this study.All the volunteers were topically treated with Qingpeng ointment on the right leg (Qingpeng side) and its vehicle on the left leg (vehicle side) twice daily for 7 consecutive days.Skin barrier function-associated indexes including transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and the water content of the stratum corneum were measured before the treatment,after 3-and 7-day treatment separately.Thirty-six BALB/c female mice were randomly and equally divided into 6 groups:a blank control group receiving no induction or treatment,a model group induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) on the back for 5 consecutive weeks,3 Qingpeng groups and a vehicle group induced by DNFB on the back for 5 consecutive weeks followed by topical treatment with different concentrations (50％,75％,100％) of Qingpeng ointment or its vehicle twice a day for 2 consecutive weeks.At the end of treatment,skin appearance of mice was observed with naked eyes,skinfold thickness and TEWL were measured.Then,all the mice were sacrificed,and skin tissue specimens were resected from the back of mice followed by histopathologic examination and immunohistochemical staining for the detection of filaggrin (FLG),involucrin (IVL) and kallikrein 7 (KLK7) expressions in the epidermis.Results After start of treatment,both the Qingpeng side and vehicle side showed significantly decreased TEWL on day 3 (t =2.651,2.996,respectively,both P＜ 0.05) and 7 (t =3.615,3.586,respectively,both P＜ 0.05),but increased water content of the stratum corneum on day 3 (t=9.029,5.830,respectively,both P＜ 0.001) and 7 (t =13.842,11.299,respectively,both P ＜ 0.001) compared with those before the treatment.However,no significant differences were observed in TEWL or the water content of the stratum corneum between the Qingpeng side and vehicle side at any of the time points (all P ＞ 0.05).In addition,there were no marked differences in mouse skin appearance,skinfold thickness or histopathologic manifestations between the vehicle group and model group,while the manifestations of dermatitis were attenuated to different extents in the three Qingpeng groups compared with the model group.Both TEWL and KLK7 expression levels were significantly decreased in the vehicle group and three Qingpeng groups compared with the model group (all P ＜ 0.05),but similar between the vehicle and Qingpeng groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The vehicle of Qingpeng ointment can improve skin barrier function.

Objective To investigate the factors affecting the stability of the volatile oil extracted fromYinqiaosan Decoction.Methods The main chemical compositions and the extraction repetitiveness of the compound volatile oil were determined by GC-MS, and the stability of multiple extracted volatile oil was studied. Absorbance of the compound volatile oil was used as the evaluation index, and the factors affecting the stability of the of the compound volatile oil were investigated, such as illumination, temperatures and pH values of volatile oil solution and metal ions.Results The results of the GC-MS chromatograph indicated that the main chemical compositions of the compound volatile oil extracted fromYinqiaosan Decoction twice were the same. The results of the stability of the volatile oil showed that the preservation temperature and illumination affected the stability of the volatile oil to a certain extent. The absorbance values of the compound volatile oil changed slowly when it was stored at a relatively low temperature (4℃) and shielded from light, and it was less stable when stored in normal temperature and under illumination. Meanwhile, the absorbance of the compound volatile oil changed quickly in acid or alkaline solutions and was in instability. The metal ions, such as Cu2+ and Fe3+, have chemical reactions with the compositions of the compound volatile oil and there was a big change in the UV-Vis spectrum of the compound volatile oils.Conclusion The compound volatile oil should be stored at a relatively low temperature (4℃) and shielded from light. At the same time, it should be stored avoiding acids, alkaline and the metal ions, such as Cu2+ and Fe3+, to guarantee its stability. This study provides a reference for the preservation conditions and the preparation conditions of the compound volatile oil extracted fromYinqiaosan Decoction.

Objective To study the induction of amelogenin in formation of hard tissues in the pulp tissues,to provide experimental foundation for research in formation of hard tissues induced with amelogenin.Methods Sixteen male Wistar rats were divided into control group and experimental group.Cells and matrix structures and amelogenin expression in the growing ends of cyclophosphamide(CP)-affected incisors were examined by histological and immunohistochemical methods.Results Experiment group:extensive edematous changes were noted in the apical pulp tissue of the incisor associated with disappearance of odontoblasts facing to presecretory and secretory ameloblasts. The cell layer of young ameloblasts was therefore lined directly with pulp tissue in which some osteodentin-like tissue was present near the ameloblasts. Immunoreactions for amelogenins were observed in the labial side of the pulp,particularly around the newly induced hard tissues in the affected region. Conclusion Amelogenins has induction in formation of hard tissues in dental pulp following the inhibition of formation of odontoblasts by CP.

Objective To establish the method to express leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF) in fetal fibroblasts in order to provide theoretical foundation for establishment of transgenic animal model.Methods Using the fetal of 13.5 d ICR mouse,the primary fetal fibroblasts were cultivated by trypsin enzyme digestion.The lineared eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-LIF was transferred to the fetal fibroblasts of mouse with liposome induction.The positive cells were selected by G418,genome DNA of the positive cells was extracted and sequenced. Results The primary fetal fibroblasts of mouse were successfully obtained by isolating and culturing,and fetal fibroblasts expressing LIF were established by transferring.The sequencing result demonstrated that the homology of clone plasmid of positive cells was about 99%.Conclusion Eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-LIF is successfully transferred to the fetal fibroblasts of mouse.

Objective To quantitatively investigate the expression levels of the cytosine deaminases,hA3B,hA3F and hA3G in peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC)of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infected patients and to analyze the correlation between cytosine deaminases expression and CD4~+ T lymphocyte counts. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 21 HIV-infected subjects who didn't take antiretroviral therapy(ART-),21 HIV-infected subjects receiving ART(ART+),and 10 HIV-uninfected subjects. PBMC were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, followed by RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis.hA3B,hA3F and hA3G mRNA levels were determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR).CD4~+ T lymphocyte counts were determined using flow cytometry. Data were analyzed by t test, t' test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results In HIV-infected subjects without or with ART,HIV-uninfected subjects, the levels of hA3B mRNA were 208.4,365.2 and 563.6,hA3F mRNA were 245.5,316.6 and 442.9,hA3G mRNA were 404.6,360.8 and 638.6,respectively.hA3G mRNA level in HIV-infected subjects was lower than that in HIV-uninfected controls(P=0.0131),but there was no statistical difference between ART+ and ART-groups(P=0.7342).There were no correlations between hA3B,hA3F and hA3G mRNA levels and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts in either ART-or ART+HIV-infected subjects(ART-:r=-0.0104,r=-0.0545,r=0.1623,all P＞0.05;ART+:r=0.3220,r=0.2193,r=0.1455,all P＞0.05).In addition,hA3B,hA3F and hA3G mRNA levels were positively correlated with one another in ART-HIV-infected subjects and HIV-uninfected controls(P＜0.05),but not in ART-HIV-infected subjects(P＞0.05).Conclusions hA3B,hA3F and hA3G expression levels do not directly correlate with CD4~+ T lymphocyte counts in HIV-1-infected patients,hA3B,hA3F and hA3G expression levels in PBMCs tend to he decreased after HIV-1 infection, and ART may increase hA3B and hA3F mRNA expression.