Objective To study the heating effect on skin of the therapeutic sand used in the Uyghur medicine. Methods We have continuously collected data of the dynamically changing surface body temperature during the course of sand therapy. Having applied the surface skin response equations, we calculated the situational effects on surface skin tissue by examining different temperature fields and time segments. All the data was collected by a 2 700 type multichannel data collection apparatus. Results It was found that, in the period of mid June to mid August every year, the air temperature of the sand therapy facility was 40?2.3℃ at the time 15∶00 to 18∶00 in the afternoon and the sand used as a medicinal poultice could be maintained at the temperature of 38?4.6℃ at the depth of 20 cm from the surface of the sand. During the process of sand therapy, the skin surface temperature rises rapidly, up to 39℃,but the skin surface temperature falls subsequently, as the heat stimulates perspiration and the cooling effect of evaporation takes place to 36?0.32℃. Two to three hours later, the surface skin temperature gets stable and maintained at 36?0.6℃. Conclusion When the sand temperature reached 43℃, it could not hurt the skin and tissue, because the body temperature could balance with sand temperature at an ideal temperature for the skin. The ideal time for sand therapy is during the period from June and August, at 15∶00~18∶00 every day. When the air temperature reaches 40?2.3℃, the sand temperature will be below 38?4.6℃. Under these conditions the human body should be buried under the sand at the depth of 20 cm for a period of one half to one hour to achieve therapeutic effects.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of heat transfer process in sand therapy in Uyghur medicine. Methods A mathematical model was developed to describe the heat transfer process between human body and the sand during sand therapy. Temperature field was numerically simulated and analyzed based on this model. Results Temperature field in both human tissues and sand was calculated. The surface temperature of the sand and skin surface changed significantly at the beginning of the sand therapy, while sand temperature (5 cm deep) almost kept constant. The skin temperature dramatically increased at the beginning of the sand therapy and then slightly dropped. When sand was deeper than 10 cm, the thickness of sand would not influence the temperature field in human tissues during sand therapy. High initial temperature of sand might cause harmful skin burn. Threshold skin burn occurred if initial temperature of sand was higher than 64.6 ℃ and if the therapy lasted more than 30 minutes.Conclusion Temperature fieled in human tissues varies significantly with the initial temperature of sand, thickness of sand, and duration of therapy.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency thermocoagulation of lumbar sympathetic ganglia combined with pregabalin in the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS).Methods 26 patients with lower limb CRPS were selected and treated by the radiofrequency thermocoagulation of lumbar sympathetic ganglia combined with oral pregabalin capsule.The visual analogue scale (VAS)and the quality of sleep(QS)were adopted to evaluate the pain change before treatment and on 1,7,14,28,56 d after treatment.The temperature change of lower limb skin and the occurrence situation of adverse reactions were recorded.Results Compared with before treatment,the scores of VAS and QS at different time points after treatment were decreased significantly (P <0.05),the skin temperature of affected lower limb after treatment was increased significantly (P <0.05).The total effective rates on 28,56 d after treatment were 88.46% and 96.15% respectively.The adverse reactions were mainly dizziness and somnolence.No severe complications such as vascular,neural and intra-abdominal organs injury were found in the treatment process.Conclusion The radiofrequency thermocoagulation of lumbar sympathetic ganglia combined with pregabalin in the treatment of CRPS can rapidly alleviate pain,improve the patients′quality of sleep and living.

Objective To investigate the value of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) based on ISHIM sequence in the grading of astrocytic tumor.Methods We collected excised tumors confirmed by histological diagnosis from 42 patients including high-grade astrocytic tumors (10 WHO grade Ⅲ,18 WHO grade Ⅳ),and 14 low-grade astrocytic tumors (1 WHO grade Ⅰ and 13 WHO grade Ⅱ).All patients underwent conventional MR imaging,ISHIM IVIM-DWI,and contrast-enhanced MR imaging.Parameters of tumor parenchyma region,peripheral edema regions and the contralateral normal brain white matter sites were measured,and the statistical analysis was conducted.Results The D value in tumor parenchyma region was significantly lower,but the D* and f values were higher in high-grade astrocytic tumor when compared with lowgrade one and all had statistical significance;in tumor peripheral edema region,D value was lower in high-grade astrocytic tumor than that in low-grade one,and the difference had statistical significance but there was no significant difference in terms of the D* and f values.There was no significant difference of the D,D* and f values in contralateral normal brain white matter sites in both high-and low-grade astrocytic tumor.Conclusion The D,D* and f values measured by ISHIM IVIM-DWI are helpful to the judgment of tumor grade and it has greatapplication value in the differential diagnosis of high-and low-grade astrocytic tumor.

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, which can be accompanied by cognitive symptoms in addition to core symptoms.With the improvement of the awareness of the disease, people pay more attention to the cognitive symptoms of depression. The cognitive impairment of patients not only appears in the onset of the disease, but also persists during the remission of the disease, which has a negative impact on the patients’ social function. Some cognitive assessment tools such as cognitive tests, event-related potential(ERP) and eye movement tracking technology have been used to assess cognitive impairment in patients with depression, which show that there are multidimensional cognitive impairments. Some therapeutic methods such as exercise therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS) and drug therapy have shown the potential to improve the cognitive function of patients with depression. This article reviews related researches in recent years to explore the cognitive impairment and therapeutic methods of patients with depression.

Objective To investigate the strengths and weaknesses of SPAIR and WE in iShim-IVIM of breast gland MRI scanning. Methods Twenty patients with breast tumor underwent iShim-IVIM and DCE-MRI scanning by SPAIR and WE technology. SNR ,CNR and ADC of the SPAIR-iShim and WE-iShim imaging were cal-culated and imaging quality were evaluated. Statistical analysis was done afterwards. Results The SNR and CNR of WE technology is higher than those of SPAIR statistically (P<0.05). There is no significant statistical differ-ence in score of the images between SPAIR and WE(P>0.05). The ADC of the center of the tumor has no signifi-cant statistical difference between SPAIR and WE(P>0.05). Conclusion The quality of the images using WE is significantly improved than SPAIR ,but both of them can meet the diagnostic requirements ,and the ADC has no statistical difference as well.

Objective To describe the level of depressive symptoms in elderly patients with chronic diseases and analyze the influencing factors. Methods This study was based on the data of CHARLS (2015), chronic disease patients aged 60 years and over were selected as the study subjects. CES-D was used to evaluate the level of depressive symptoms in elderly patients with chronic diseases. Chi-square test and the binary logistic regression were used to analyze the factors that affect the level of depressive symptoms. Results The detection rate of depressive symptoms in elderly patients with chronic diseases was 43.1％(2431/5645). Gender, age, marital status, region,place of residence, species of chronic disease, disabled presence, adequate sleep, alcohol consumption, and satisfaction with life were all factors influencing depressive symptoms (P<0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of depressive symptoms in elderly patients with chronic diseases is high, and there are differences among different characteristic groups. The psychological evaluation of elderly patients with chronic diseases should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of depressive symptoms.

Objective: To observe the expression of retinal proteins in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) mice and to explore the possible molecular mechanism of autoimmune uveitis. Methods: Twelve female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into model group and normal control group, 6 mice in each group.In the model group, the EAU model was established by subcutaneous injection of human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) 651-670.The fundal change of EAV mice was assessed by direct ophthalmoscope, OCT and histopathological staining.At 18 days after immunization, the retinas of the two groups were taken for retinal protein extraction, protein restriction enzyme digestion, mass spectrometry detection, data analysis, and bioinformatics analysis.This study was approved by the experimental animal Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital (TJYY2018070113). The feeding and use of experimental animals follow the ARVO statement. Results: The EAU mouse model was successfully established.At 10 days after immunitation, the retina of EAV mouse was damaged.At 18 days after immunization, retinal edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells into vitreous were observed.Proteomic results showed that a total of 4 458 proteins were identified in this study, of which 522 were differentially-expressed proteins (fold change>1.5, P<0.05). Among these differentially-expressed proteins, 147 proteins including Stat1 and Stat3 were up-regulated and 375 proteins including Gucy2f and Rho were down-regulated.These differentially-expressed proteins were closely related to platelet activation, integrin signaling, T cell activation, the phototransduction cascade, Toll-like receptor and so on. Conclusions EAU is related to the abnormal expression of Stat1, Stat3 and other proteins, as well as the abnormal regulation of platelet activation and integrin signal pathway.

Tongue diagnosis is one of the diagnostic methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), but its development has always been restricted by the lack of objective quantitative indicators. With the rapid development of computer technology and the advent of the algorithm era, the modernization of TCM tongue diagnosis has gradually become a hot research spot. This paper annalyses the literature and related patents of the modernization of tongue diagnosis and summarizes the R&D progress and application of tongue diagnosis as well as related instruments. It is found that domestic and foreign scholars focus on tongue diagnosis related research and attach importance to the formulation of relevant international standards. Tongue collection and analysis technology continues to develop; tongue diagnostic instruments are also gradually enriched. At present, their applications are extended to family self-use, but they are still mainly used in teaching, scientific research and other fields, involving the clinical efficacy evaluation of TCM, clinical case classification and health management, and there is still much room for development. In the future, we should strengthen the communication between multi-regional research centers, promote the communication among talents in different fields, constantly make up for the deficiencies and promote the development of tongue diagnosis research.

Objective: To develop the Adolescent Mental Health Literacy Assessment Questionnaire (AMHLAQ), and to evaluate its reliability and validity among undergraduates. Methods: On the basis of the definition of mental health literacy (MHL) and the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) theory, this study constructed a total of 36 items consisting of four dimensions, and scores were measured according to a five point Likert type scale. Using a cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 3 826 freshmen and sophomore students from two medical schools in Anhui Province. The items were screened by performing t tests, Pearson s correlation coefficient analysis and factor analysis. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated using indicators including homogeneity reliability, the split half reliability coefficient, and construct validity. Results: Factor analysis revealed that the AMHLAQ consisted of 22 questions grouped into four domains. The variance cumulative contribution rate was 62.213%. The reliability result showed that the Cronbach s alpha coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.897, the split half reliability was 0.800, the Cronbach s coefficient of each dimension was 0.796 to 0.885, the split half reliability of each dimension was 0.725 to 0.846, and the indicators had a high level of reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit was good ( χ 2/df =19.319, P <0.01; RMSEA=0.069). Conclusion AMHLAQ is consistent with the evaluation standard of psychometrics, has good reliability and validity, and can be used to estimate the level of MHL among undergraduates.