OBJECTIVE To investigate the difference of IgM and DNA for Mycoplasma pneumoniae in respiratory infected children with different age.METHODS Serum samples were tested with ELISA for IgM and molecular beacon based real-time PCR was used to test M.pneumoniae DNA.RESULTS M.pneumoniae DNA was detected in 40% of the patients and the IgM was positive in 11% at the day of sampling and 30% after 7 days,respectively.The difference was of significance(P

Objective To explore the effects of gadopentetate dimeglumine injection on renal function. Methods The study included 623 consecutive patients. Their serum creatinine concentrations before and within 3 days after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine were analyzed. Their eGFR ( estimated glomerular filtration rate) were calculated. Patients were divided into two groups according to their injection dose: group received single dose and group received double dose. Patients in each group were subdivided into three subgroups according to their eGFR: subgroup of normal renal function, subgroup of mild renal insufficiency and subgroup of moderate renal insufficiency. Paried sample t test and group design paried sample Rank Sum test were used for statistical analysis. Results There was no adverse reaction oroccurrence of acute renal insufficiency. The mean level of serum creatinine dropped from (74. 0 ±17. 2) μ mol/L to (71.5 ± 19. 0) μ mol/L (t = 5. 39, P ＜ 0. 05 ) in 623 cases after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. However, the mean level of serum creatinine increased from (89.6 ± 12. 2 ) μmol/L to (92. 1 ± 14. 6) μmol/L ( t = 0. 68, P ＞ 0. 05 ) in subgroup of mild renal insufficiency under group received double dose and increased from ( 118. 3 ± 15. 3 ) μmol/L to ( 135.7 ± 8. 5 ) μ mol/L ( t = 2. 02, P ＜ 0. 05 ) in subgroup of moderate renal insufficiency under group received double dose, the mean level of serum creatinine dropped in all other subgroups. Conclusions Single dose gadopentetate dimeglumine is safe for patients with normal renal function and mild, moderate renal insufficiency in short term, but patients with abnormal renal function should be followed up after double dose injection.

Indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) using frozen sections of Brugia malayi adult worms as antigen was employed in the diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of human filariasis. Sera were collected from 704 cases with bancroftian or malayan microfilaremia. the positive rate was 92.8-99.1%. Of 150 healthy people from non-endemic areas, only one showed a positive reaction (false positive rate 0.7%) (Table 1). This technique proved to be highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of filariasis and the antigen is easy to prepare. It might be used in sero-epidemiological investigation for the assessment of filariasis control.

OBJECTIVE To observe bacterial distribution and drug resistance in Ningxia.METHODS The patients with nosocomial infection mornitored by Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System from Jan 2003 to Dec 2007 were analyzed and summarized.RESULTS Amomg 3276 isolates,1752 strains(53.48%) were Gram-negative bacilli,1471 strains(44.9%) were Gram-positive cocci and,53(1.62%) fungi.The most common pathogens were Escherichia coli(909),Staphylococcus aureus(509),S.epidermidis(260),Enterococcus faecalis(258),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(206).Most of them were multidrug resistant.Most strains of Gram-negative bacilli were highly susceptible to imipenem,while most strains of Gram-positive cocci were highly susceptible to vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS Most pathogens of nosocomial infection are multidrug resistant,the resistance detection of bacteria has an important significance to clinical treatment and infection control.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the polymorphism of PTPN22 gene (R620W and R263Q sites)and pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)in Chinese Han population and to investigate the environmental factors associated with pulmonary TB. Methods A case-control study was conducted on 235 patients with pulmonary TB and 251 healthy subjects. The single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)of PTPN22 gene at R620W and R263Q sites were detected by the assay of polymerase chain reaction and re-striction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). A questionnaire was designed to gather information about tuberculosis-associated environmental factors. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were con-ducted. Results Genotype frequencies of PTPN22 R620W(C1858T)SNP were 233(99. 15% ,CC),2 (0. 85% ,CT),0(0% ,TT)in patients with pulmonary TB and 240(95. 62% ,CC),11(4. 38% ,CT), 0(0% ,TT)in healthy subjects. There was a difference with the distribution of PTPN22 C1858T allele be-tween patients with pulmonary TB and healthy subjects[0. 43% vs 2. 19% ,P = 0. 01,odds ratio(OR)=0. 19,95% confidence interval(CI)= 0. 07-0. 35]. Genotype frequencies of PTPN22 R263Q(G788A) were 218(92. 77% ,GG),17(7. 31% ,GA),0(0% ,AA)in patients with pulmonary TB and 248 (98. 71% ,GG),3(1. 29% ,GA),0(0% ,AA)in healthy subjects. The frequencies of G788A allele in patients with pulmonary TB were higher than those in healthy subjects(3. 62% vs 0. 60% ,P﹤0. 01,OR=6. 03,95% CI=2. 12-18. 38). Conclusion The results of this study suggested that the R263Q GG geno-type of PTPN22 gene was associated with the susceptibility to TB in Chinese Han population.

Objective　To detect the features of MRI of children leukodystriphies and to provide a heplful method for clinical diagnosis.Methods　The MRI examination was performed in 50 children with leukodystrophies and the cerebral lobes and cerebral special structures involved by lesions were analyzed.Results　1.There were dominant signs of involving parietal and occipital lobes in ALD,besides the two lobes,the frontal lobe was also involved easily in MLD.All lobes were involved in CD and PMD,and frontal lobe was involved in AD early.The central white matter was involved mainly in ALD,but the central white matter was involed only in MLD and the periphery white matter was spared.The central and periphery white matter were all involved in CD,PMD and AD.Furthermore,the cerebellar white matter is also easily involved in ALD and CD.2.The splenium of corpus callosum was mainly involved in ALD,and the splenium,body and knee of corpus callosum were all involved in MLD.But in CD,PMD and AD,the corpus callosum was spared.The back of the posterior limb of internal capsule was involved in ALD,but the all posterior limb of internal capsule was involved in MLD,and the all internal capsule was involved in CD and PMD.On external capsule,ALD involves its posterior part,but CD and PMD involve its all section.A prominet feature of ALD was involving the corticospinal tract of stem and other leukodystrophies don′t involve the corticospinal tract of stem beside one case later-onset GLD.In addition,the lateral lemmiscus was involved easily in ALD,and thalamus was also involved in ALD,MLD and PMD.Conclusion　As a noninvasive,safe and sensitive method,MRI can be used to find the leukodystrophies early.There are relatively characteristic features in different leokodystrophies,which is useful to clinical diagnosis.

Objective To detect the changes of cerebral perfusion in patients with MELAs syndrome by using MR perfusion technique.Methods Thirteen patients with MELAS syndrome and 13 controls with normal neurological conditions were scanned with the sequence of flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery exempting separate T1 measurement(FAIREST).Their rCBF values were obtained in regions of bilateral basilar nuclei and thalami,as well as bilateral temporal lobes and occipital lobes.Regression analysis was carried out to determine the effect of location and side on the measurement of rCBF in controls.One-way ANOVA was conducted to compare rCBF values among the control group.the lesion ROIs and normal ROIs of the MELAS syndrome group.Results The values of rCBF were 0.83±0.23,1.17±0.30.0.93±0.28,and 1.11±0.25 for the left basilar ganglia,thalamus,temporal lobe,and occipital lobe respectively,while they were 0.77±0.15,1.03±0.34,1.06±0.23,and 1.09±0.23 for the right basilar ganglia,thalamus,temporal lobe.and occipital lobe respectively.Regression analysis revealed no effect of location and side on the rCBF (P＞0.05).The rCBF value for control group was 1.00±0.28,while it was 1.01±0.31 for the normal ROIs and 1.95±0.43 for the lesion ROIs in the MELAS syndrome group(F=54.99.P＜0.01).The rCBF of the lesion ROIs in the MELAS syndrome group was significantly higher than the normal ROIs and the control group.Conclusion CBF maps can reveal changes of cerebral blood flow in patients with ietal MELAS,which suggests increased perfusion in the stroke-like lesions.

Objective To access evaluate the efficacy and safety of on-line hemodiafiltration for treating a-cute cerebrovascular disease (ACVD) patients complicated with hyperosmolar nonketotie diabetic coma (HNDC).Method Totally 11 patients of ACVD complicated with HNDC were observed for this prospective control study.All of them underwent on-line hemodiafiltrafion for 90 minutes using Fressnius 4008S Hemodialysis Machine withONLILNEplus TM and F60 one hour after final diagnosis was made. The bicarbonate ultrafiltrate rate was set at 500ml/min and blood flow at 150 ～ 180 ml/min; and the substitute fluid were infused with post-dilution at 50 ～ 60ml/min. The symptom of brain edema and cardiac insufficiency during the same course of treatment was observed.Blood were taken from the patients to detect serum kalium, serum glucose, serum natrium, BUN and plasma os-motic pressure at one hour before treatment and six hours after treatment, respectively. The change of in conscious-ness and adverse effects were evaluated at 24 hours after treatment. Results All patients were treated successful-ly. The blood glucose, serum natrium, serum kalium, BUN and plasma osmotic pressure were decreased after on-line hemodiafiltration. Among the 11 patients, consciousness was improved obviously in 8 patients, 3 patientsdied, accounting for 73% of successful effectiveness. Conclusions The on-line hemodiafiltration was effectiveand safe for treating ACVD patients complicated with HNDC.

Objective To evaluate the reproducibility of measuring renal oxygenation in rat using blood oxygen level-dependent MR imaging(BOLD MRI).Methods Five intact male Wistar rats were included in this study and their body weights were measured before MRI scans.BOLD MRI were performed ou day 1(d1),day 5(d5),day 10(d10),day 30(d30)and day 50(d50)on a 3.0 T MR scanner to measure the apparent spin-spin relaxation(R2*).On d30 and d50,the differences of R2*(△R2*)were calculated between before and 10 min after furosemide injection through the tail vein.The reproducibility of the baseline R2* of 5 times repeated scans were verified by the repeated-measure ANOVA test.The R2* and △R2* between pre-and post-furosemide iniection on d30 and d50 were measured on the codex and the medulla and a paired t test was run to analyze their responses to furosemide and the reproducibility of △R2*.Results The average body weight on d1,d5,d10,d3 and d50 was(150.4±3.7)g、(170.2±7.0)g、(201.0±5.8)g、(306.2±17.0)g and(352.0±12.2)g,respectively,with statistical difference(F=422.103.P＜0.01).The R2* showed no statistical difference in the cortex and medulla among the five scans(P＞0.05).On d30.the R2* of the cortex and medulla was(25.2±1.2)and(32.8±2.2)Hz before and significantly decreased to(21.1±2.2)and(25.9±3.0)Hz after furosemide administration,respectively(P＜0.01).On d50,the R2* of the cortex and medulla was(25.9±0.8)and(34.3±3.9)Hz before and significantly decreased to(20.2±1.5)and(27.0±3.2)Hz after furosemide administration.respectively(P＜0.01).The △R2* on the codex and medulla was(4.1±1.7)and(6.9 4-2.8)Hz on d30 and(5.8±1.1)and(7.3±2.8)Hz on d50,respectively,but there is no significant difference between eortex and medulla(P＞0.05).Conclusion The baseline R2* in the cortex and medulla were reproducible over 50 days and they were not body weighted.On 3.0 T MR scanners.R2* in the codex and medulla decreased significantly after administration of furosemide.

Objective To analyze the changes of renal apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)value during development in intact rats.Methods Five intact male Wistar rats(1 month of age)were involved in this study.Using SE-echo planar imaging(EPI)sequence to acquire renal DWI at a 3.0 T MR on day 1,day 5,day 10,day 30,and day 50,respectively.The b value was 0 and 500 s/mm2.The ADCs of the cortex and the medulla were measured on the right kidney and the renal volume was calculated by manually renal outling on each slice.The difference of ADC between the cortex and the medulla was analyzed using a paired student t test,and the changes of renal volume and ADCs with rats development were evaluated with a repeated measurement ANOVA.Results The ADC of the cortex was higher than that of the medulla except on day 1(P＜0.01).when b value 0 and 500 s/mm2 were chosen.Renal volume increased with the rat development.from(0.86±0.02)ml to(1.47±0.21)ml.And the ADCs of both the cortex and medulla increased from(1.66±0.14)×10-3mm2/s to(1.96±0.08)×10-3mm2/s for the cortex and from (1.54±0.12)×10-3mm2/s to(1.91±0.09)×10-3mm2/s for the medulla.Conclusion Renal ADCs of both the cortex and medulla increase during the period from 1 to about 3 months of age in rats.The influence of age on renal ADC should be considered when choosing rats aged from 1 to 3 months for MR study.