OBJECTIVE To observe bacterial distribution and drug resistance in Ningxia.METHODS The patients with nosocomial infection mornitored by Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System from Jan 2003 to Dec 2007 were analyzed and summarized.RESULTS Amomg 3276 isolates,1752 strains(53.48%) were Gram-negative bacilli,1471 strains(44.9%) were Gram-positive cocci and,53(1.62%) fungi.The most common pathogens were Escherichia coli(909),Staphylococcus aureus(509),S.epidermidis(260),Enterococcus faecalis(258),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(206).Most of them were multidrug resistant.Most strains of Gram-negative bacilli were highly susceptible to imipenem,while most strains of Gram-positive cocci were highly susceptible to vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS Most pathogens of nosocomial infection are multidrug resistant,the resistance detection of bacteria has an important significance to clinical treatment and infection control.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of tissue polypeptide specific antigen(TPS),neuron-specific enolase(NSE),carcinoembryonie antigen(CEA)and CA125 in serum of small cell lung cancer(SCLC)patients and its significance in diagnosis and disease monitoring.Methods Serum leveh of TPS was detected using ELISA and serum levels of NSE,CA125 and CEA was detected using ECLin 27 1 SCLC patients.80 pulmonary benign disease patients and 224 normal healthy people.Diagnostic values of these tumor markers were analyzed by receiver operative characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The levels of TPS,NSE,CA125 and CEA iu the serum of SCLC group were signifieanfly higher than those in pulmonary benign disease and healthy group(Z＞1.90,P＜0.01).The levels of TPS and NSE in the serum of extensive stage small cell lung cancer(ESCLC)patients were significantly higher than those in limited stage small cell lung cancer(LSCLC)(Z=2.69,2.27,P=0.009,0.02 respectively).,The level of TPS and NSE showed statistical significance among SCLC patients with different prognosis after therapy(Z=4.06,3.11.P=0.001,0.007 respectively).The TPS+NSE showed the highest sensitivity of 86.7%,and the specificity,PPV and NPV were 75.0%,81.0% and 82.2%,respectively.Conclusions Serum levels of TPS,NSE,CA125 and CEA are useful for SCLC diagnosis.TPS+NSE shows the highest clinical values in SCLC diagnosis and prognosis.

Objective To detect the changes of cerebral perfusion in patients with MELAs syndrome by using MR perfusion technique.Methods Thirteen patients with MELAS syndrome and 13 controls with normal neurological conditions were scanned with the sequence of flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery exempting separate T1 measurement(FAIREST).Their rCBF values were obtained in regions of bilateral basilar nuclei and thalami,as well as bilateral temporal lobes and occipital lobes.Regression analysis was carried out to determine the effect of location and side on the measurement of rCBF in controls.One-way ANOVA was conducted to compare rCBF values among the control group.the lesion ROIs and normal ROIs of the MELAS syndrome group.Results The values of rCBF were 0.83±0.23,1.17±0.30.0.93±0.28,and 1.11±0.25 for the left basilar ganglia,thalamus,temporal lobe,and occipital lobe respectively,while they were 0.77±0.15,1.03±0.34,1.06±0.23,and 1.09±0.23 for the right basilar ganglia,thalamus,temporal lobe.and occipital lobe respectively.Regression analysis revealed no effect of location and side on the rCBF (P＞0.05).The rCBF value for control group was 1.00±0.28,while it was 1.01±0.31 for the normal ROIs and 1.95±0.43 for the lesion ROIs in the MELAS syndrome group(F=54.99.P＜0.01).The rCBF of the lesion ROIs in the MELAS syndrome group was significantly higher than the normal ROIs and the control group.Conclusion CBF maps can reveal changes of cerebral blood flow in patients with ietal MELAS,which suggests increased perfusion in the stroke-like lesions.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the serum sialic acid (SA) detection for the diagnosis and therapy monitoring in liver cancer patients.Methods Patients and healthy people of Chinese academy of medical science cancer hospital from January 2011 to October 2012,were enrolled,including 221 liver cancer patients (183 primary hepatic carcinoma patients and 38 metastatic hepatic carcinoma patients),117 benign liver disease patients and 150 healthy people.The concentration of serum SA were tested by ROCHE P800.The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) of SA kit were evaluated by use of low and high concentration samples,measured for 5 days and 4 times each day.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to determine the cut-off of SA using data of 183 cases of primary liver cancer and 150 healthy controls.The area under the curve (ROC-AUC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of SA.The changes of serum SA level in 103 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma patients were monitored before therapy and at the 1 st day,7 th day,14 th day,1 st month,3rd month,6 th month and 9 th month after treatment.SPSS16.0 was used to analyse the results.Results The intra and inter-day CVs for low level sample were 2.4％ and 3.2％ respectively,and for high level sample were 2.2％ and 3.1％.The cut-off value of the serum SA was 659 mg/L for liver cancer,the sensitivity and specificity was 63.4％ (1 16/183) and 94.7％ (142/150) respectively.The serum SA level of liver cancer group [(726 ± 173) mg/L] was higher than that of liver benign disease patients group [(552 ± 128) mg/ L] and healthy controls group [(599 ± 62) mg/L,U values were 1832.52 and 887.00,P ＜ 0.01].The serum SA level were tracked in 103 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma patients during therapy period.The serum level of SA elevated to [(817 ± 193) mg/L,t =-3.272,P ＜ 0.05] at I st week after treatment and kept at high level until late in 1st month after treatment [(782 ±173) mg/L,t =-2.694,P＜0.05].In the 3rd month,the SA level decreased to that of pretreatment [(662 ± 138) mg/L,t =1.225,P ＞ 0.05].In the 6th months,the SA level declined to [(615 ± 144) mg/L,t =1.999,P ＜0.05],as well as the level of healthy control group.There were 85 cases of hepatic carcinoma patients with decreased SA level compared with that of pretreatment,and the coincidence rate was 82.5％ (85/103),the Kappa value was 0.79.There were 5 cases of patients with hepatic carcinoma relapse after treatment in 9 th months and the SA levels increased significantly to (939 ± 175) mg/L.Conclusion The serum SA has significant values possibly in the diagnosis and therapy monitoring in liver cancer patients.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of serum levels of ProGRP, TPS and NSE in diagnosis and therapy monitoring in small cell lung cancer patients. Methods The levels of serum ProGRP, TPS and NSE in 51 SCLC patients (SCLC group), 60 benign pulmonary disease patients (benign disease group ) and 60 healthy people (healthy group ) were determined using chemiluminescent immunoassay, ELISA and electrochemiluminescent immunoassay respectively. Blood samples were collected and detected prior to therapy, before the second course of chemotherapy and the third course of chemotherapy consecutively in all the 51 SCLC patients. Results The serum ProGRP, TPS and NSE concentrations prior to chemotherapy in limited stage SCLC (LSCLC) were 136. 9(22.8-631.7)ng/L, 78. 2(56.4-114.6) U/L and 28.1(20.9-46.1)μg/L, respectively; And in extensive stage SCLC patients (ESCLC) were 1 106.6(41.2-2161.1) ng/L, 230. 9( 143.5-259.0) U/L and 81.1 (34.3-140.0)μg/L, respectively. The serum concentrations of the 3 markers in benign disease group were 19. 7 ( 9. 5-29. 1 )ng/L, 48. 7 ( 17.9-95.4) U/L and 12. 1(1.2-13.9) μg/L; and in healthy group were 20.3(10.7-30.6) ng/L, 50.3(19.5-70.7) U/L and 11.7 (1.1-13.4)μg/L, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significantly statistical difference in different groups of the 3 tumor markers, Chi-Square were 51. 368,36. 532 and 81. 645( P ＜0. 01 ). Significant statistically differences showed when the concentrations of the 3 marks of the 2 control group were compared with that of the LSCLC group ( U =491, 827, 609 and 476, 831, 585,respectively, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Differences were also statistically significant when the 2 control group compared with that of the ESCLC group ( U = 314,532,456 and 302,553,430, respectively, P ＜ 0. 01 ). The AUC of ProGRP was 0.832 +0.029(95% CI:0.774-0.890). When cutoff value of ProGRP set as 37.7 ng/L, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and Youden's index were 71% (36/51), 97% (116/120), 90% (36/40), 89% ( 116/131 ) and 67%, respectively; show good detection performance. The sensitivity increased to 92%, 86%, 92% and 88%, when combination detection of ProGRP + TPS + NSE, ProGRP + TPS, ProGRP + NSE and TPS + NSE were used, and the specificities were 77%, 77% , 92% and 77% accordingly. The Fridman test showed significantly statistical difference in the 3 tumor markers at different stages of treatment, x2 were 49. 120, 10. 614 and 44. 392, P ＜0. 01. After the first chemotherapy course, all the tumor marker levels except TPS decreased significantly in comparison with the pretreatment concentrations. However, only ProGRP levels showed a progressive drop during the two consecutive courses of therapy, and the median concentrations were 68.0 ( 18. 6-158.4 ) and 21.0( 14. 9-63.5) ng/L (compared to the level before therapy,Z=-4. 889 and -5. 594, P ＜0. 01 ). The median of serum TPS increased slightly to 105.2 (54. 1-181.2 ) U/L after the first chemotherapy course (Z=-1.248, P＞0.05), and decreased significantly to 79.0(48.7-155.3) U/L after the second chemotherapy course (Z=-2.484, P＜0. 05 ). As to the NSE, the median concentration decreased to 11.8(8.0-16.0)μg/L after the first chemotherapy course ( Z= - 5. 568, P ＜ 0. 01 ). However, the median was 10. 6(9.0-12.7)μg/L, which showed no significant decrease after the second chemotherapy course (Z=-1.851, P＞0.05).Forty-six SCLC patients evaluated as clinical remission ( 3 CR and 43 PR) after the second chemotherapy course, among them there were 38 patients (83%) with normal serum ProGRP, TPS and NSE level ( 19 patients) or with only 1 abnormal tumor level ( 19 patients). There were only 2 patients with all abnormal serum ProGRP, TPS and NSE level, and both patients were evaluated as clinical PD. Two patients with 2 abnormal tumors results were classified as SD, the only 1 patient without therapy evaluation also had 2 abnormal tumor marker results. Conclusions The serum ProGRP, TPS and NSE are valuable tumor markers for diagnosis and treat monitoring of SCLC, particularly the ProGRP + NSE shows the highest clinical value. Combing detection of the 3 tumor markers are valuable for therapy monitoring and prognosis in SCLC patients.

Objective To determine the MR phenotype of Leigh syndrome (IS) with SURF-1 gene mutation.Methods The cranial MR examination of eight patients with the diagnosis of Leigh syndrome associated with SURF-1 gene 604G→C mutations were reviewed retrospectively.Comparison was made with typical LS patients' MRI.Observation was made regarding lesions in basal ganglia,subthalamic nuclei,substantia nigra,and dentate nuclei,involvement of white matter,and brain atrophy.Results The MR findings of LS in the study included the following:3 cases exhibited involvement of brain stem and subthalamic nuclei,2 of these 3 cases also had basal ganglia abnormalities.3 cases showed abnormality in the white matter without any involvement of the deep nuclei.Cerebral atrophy was observed in all cases in the group,and was the only finding in two cases.Conclusion The imaging findings in LS with SURF-1 604G→C gene mutation were variable.

BACKGROUND:Increasing autologous stem cellmobilization is conceived to achieve effectively repair of cardiac ischemic injury. Therefore, it is important to seek a specific and effective mobilization agent. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellmobilization in myocardial infarction. METHODS:Left anterior descending artery was ligated to establish a rat model of acute myocardial infarction in 90 outbreeding Sprague-Dawley rats, and then the models were randomly divided into three groups. In HIF-1α-antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) group, HIF-1α-ASODN was infused into the tail vein to restrain the expression of HIF-1αin infarcted ischemic tissue. In HIF-1α-missense oligonucleotide (MSODN) group or control group, an equal volume of HIF-1α-MSODN or saline was injected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 30 hours and 7 days of modeling, the number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the peripheral blood of the control group were similar to the HIF-1α-MSODN group, but significantly higher than the HIF-1α-ASODN group. After 7 days of modeling, the expressions of HIF-1αprotein, vascular endothelial growth factor protein and mRNA in the ischemic myocardial tissues of the control group were similar to the HIF-1α-MSODN group, but significantly higher than the HIF-1α-ASODN group. After 7, 14 and 28 days of modeling, the capil ary density in the ischemic myocardial tissues of the control group was similar to the HIF-1α-MSODN group, but significantly higher than the HIF-1α-ASODN group. These findings indicate that after acute myocardial infarction, high expression of HIF-1αexhibits a causal relationship with mobilization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, initiating a series of self-healing process of myocardial tissues.

Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) is a member of aromatic amino acid hydroxylase (AAAHs) family, and catalyze phenylalanine (Phe) into tyrosine (Tyr). Using immunological and RT-PCR methods to prove the existence of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene in the brain of Neanthes japonica in protein and nucleic acid level. Using Western blotting to detect the pah immunogenicity of Neanthes japonica. Making paraffin sections and using immunohistochemical technique to identify the presence and distribution of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in the brain of Neanthes japonica. Clone pah gene from the brain of Neanthes japonica by RT-PCR, constructing plasmid and transferring into E. coli to amplification, picking a single homogeneous colony, double digesting then making sequence and comparing homology. Western blotting results showed that the expression of the protein is present in Neanthes japonica brain, immunohistochemistry technique results showed that phenylalanine hydroxylase mainly expressed in abdominal of forebrain, dorsal and sides of midbrain. RT-PCR technique results showed that the phenylalanine hydroxylase exist in the brain of Neanthes japonica and has a high homology with others animals. PAH is present in the lower organisms Neanthes japonica, in protein and nucleic acid level. Which provide the foundation for further study the evolution of aromatic amino acid hydroxylase genes in invertebrate.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Brain ; enzymology ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polychaeta ; enzymology ; genetics