Objective To investigate the prevalence of macula choroidal neovascularization(CNV) in high myopia patients and the associated risk factors.Methods Fifty-six outpatients(112 eyes) with high myopia were medically examined from Mar.2008 to Jun.2009.The inspection items,including A scan,B scan,diopter and optical coherence tomography(OCT),were carried out to check whether CNV existed and its growth fashion.The patients' basic status,main symptoms and the pathologic change in macula were recorded.Results The prevalence of CNV in the 56 outpatients(112 eyes) was 14.3%.Gender showed no correlation with CNV(r=-0.015,P=0.879),while age(r=0.629,P=0.000),diopter(r=0.725,P=0.000),axial length(r=0.236,P=0.013),posterior scleral staphyloma(r=0.344,P=0.000),atrophy of choroid and retina in posterior pole(r=0.421,P=0.000),lacquer crack(r=0.421,P=0.000) and Fuchs spot(r=0.519,P=0.000) were significantly correlated with the prevalence of CNV.Conclusions CNV may highly occurred in the patients with high myopia.Posterior scleral staphyloma,atrophy of choroid and retina in posterior pole,lacquer crack,Fuchs spot,age,axial length and diopter seem to be the risk factors for the occurence of CNV.

Objective　To evaluate the clinical efficiency of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation(TSCPC) for the treatment of refractory glaucoma.Methods　TSCPC were performed in 23 eyes of 23 patients with medically and surgically uncontrolled glaucoma. The laser was operated with a power of 2～3W,duration of 1.5～2s and laser spots(18) were evenly placed 270 around the limbus except temporal. Followed for 3～24 months (average:11 months) . Results　The mean intraocular pressure before and after treatment in 23 eyes were 6.10kPa±2.34kPa and 2.55kPa±1.22kPa respectively,which was statistically significant (P<0.01). IOP below 2.80kPa was obtained in 20 eyes (86.9%). At the time of last visit,the post-operative visual acuity was partly improved besides NLP.Conclusion　Diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation is effective in treating refractory glaucoma. Its advantages are low ratio of ocular hypotension,no atrophy of eyeball,no pain, acceptability,reoperation and therapeuty in clinic and so on.

Background Transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (TDCP) was used to later stage of glaucoma in the past.However,the indications of TDCP are expanding gradually over time and there are more and more reports about its application in different stages and different types of glaucoma.Objective This study was to compare the clinical efficacy of TDCP and trabeculectomy for primary acute angle-closure glaucoma (PAACG) with persistent ocular hypertension.Methods Ninety-five PAACG patients with persistent ocular hypertension were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into TDGP group (62 eyes of 56 cases) and trabeculectomy group (44 eyes of 39 cases) based on the difference of treating fashions.The clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups with the evaluating indexes of visual acuity,intraocular pressure (IOP) before and 1 week,3 months and the end of following-up as well as the number of drug used and the re-treatment.Results The demography was matched between the two groups (all at P＞0.05).The number of eyes with visual improvement was significantly different among the groups (x2 =30.927,P =0.002) in the TDCP group.Compared with before treatment,the number of visual improvement in 1 week after treatment was significantly raised (x2 =16.778,P =0.002).No significant differences were seen in the eye number of visual improvement in various timepoints after treatment (all at P＞0.008).Also,the eye number of visual improvement was significantly different among the different timepoints (x2 =44.345,P＜0.001),and statistically significant change was found between the preoperation and postoperative 1 week (x2 =23.725,P＜0.001).However,there were no significant differences in the eye number of visual improvement in various timepoints after operation each other (all at P＞0.008).The IOP was insignificantly altered among the groups at various timepoints (Fgroup =3.836,P =0.053),but the change was significantly different over time (Ftime =757.078,P＜0.001).The postoperative IOP was significantly higher than that of preoperation in both groups (all at P＜0.001).The proportion of eyes using lowering-IOP drugs was 48.4％ in the TDCP group,and that in the trabeculectomy group was 27.3％,showing a significant difference between them (x2 =4.796,P =0.029).The retherapy was performed in 20 eyes (32.3％) and 2 eyes (4.5％) in the TDCP group and the trabeculectomy group,respectively.Conclusions The short-term lowing-IOP effecacy of TDCP is similar to trabeculectomy,but the longterm lowing-IOP efficacy of TDCP is not good.Compared with the trabeculectomy,TDCP shows more simple operation,less time-consuming during the surgery and milder tissue damage,but the eyes continuing to use anti-glaucomatous drugs or re-therapy are increased.

Objective To explore the inhibitory effects of endogenous hydrogen sulfide, a novel and important gas-eous transmitter generated in mammalian tissues mainly by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) or cystathionineγ-lyase (CSE) on the apoptosis of the rat hepatic BRL cell line in physiological condition. Methods BRL cells were cultured, and divid-ed randomly into several groups in different phases of the experiment, including negative-siRNA (control) group, CBS siRNA (CBS 1~3) group and CSE siRNA (CSE 1~3) group, which were used to select the most efficient sequences of siRNAs at 48 or 24-hour transfection. Solution group and (CBS+CSE) siRNA group were added to detect the variation of apoptosis. The BRL cell line was observed and evaluated at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hrs after siRNA transfection. When the mechanisms of the apoptosis were detected, CBS/CSE siRNAs were transfected individually or jointly into BRL cells, and compared with nega-tive-siRNA group to examine the variation. The genic and protein expression of CBS/CSE were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot assay. After transfection of CBS/CSE siRNA, the apoptosis of BRL cells was detected by Hoechst stain and flow cytometry (FCM). The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes were observed by fluorescent staining. Western blot assay was used to examine the protein expression of intracytoplasm cytochrome C (Cyt C) and cleaved-caspase 3. Re-sults CBS and CSE were observed in BRL cells. After transfection of CBS/CSE siRNA, endogenous H2S generation de-creased and the apoptosis of BRL cells increased. Accordingly, the expression of intracytoplasm-Cyt C and cleaved-caspase 3 increased. Conclusion The inhibition of endogenous H2S synthesis induced the apoptosis of BRL cells under physiologi-cal condition, which may be involved in mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.

Objective To prepare the human dual-specificity protein phosphatase18 (Dusp18) monoclonal antibodies (McAb) with high titer and specificity and identify its characterization, which is based on further studying Dusp18 function. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with purified recombinant Dusp18 protein. Cell fusion was performed between mouse splenic cells and myeloma cells (SP2/0), and then the hybridoma cell lines secreting McAb against Dusp18 antigen were screened and cloned. The ascites were prepared and purified with Protein G affinity chromatography. The titer and subtypes of McAb against Dusp18 were identified and measured by ELISA and Western blotting analysis. Results Two hybridoma cell lines, F003 and F004, that stably secreted McAb against Dusp18 were successfully obtained, which belong to the subtypes of IgG1 and k light chain. The antibody titers in culture supematant were 1:5120 and1:10 240, and those in the ascites fluid were 1:25 600 and 1:51 200 respectively. Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that the two antibodies can specifically bind with Dusp18 derived from human eucaryotic cells or tissue. Conclusion Two McAb against Dusp18 have been successfully prepared which can be used for further studying the biological properties of Dusp18 and reveal its relationship with tumorigenesis and development.

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of SGHWJN particles on inflammation and the mediators of inflammation in esophageal tissues of rat with reflux esophagitis.

METHODFifty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely, a control group, a sham-operated group, a model group, a SGHWJN particles group and a PPI group. Reflux esophagitis was induced by adopting partial pyloric ligation plus cardiomyotomy. One week later, the rats were orally administered twice daily for 28 days. Pathological changes of esophagus mucous membrane were evaluated by using HE staining and Harry S. Cooper's method in every groups. MDA and SOD contents in esophageal tissues were measured by colorimetric method. Expression of TNF-alpha in esophageal tissues were examined by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-FQ-PCR) with SYBR Green.

RESULTModel group, esophageal inflammation scores, expression of TNF-alpha in esophageal tissues and MDA contents compared with the normal group and sham operation group were significantly higher (P < 0.05). SOD contents in the esophageal tissues of the model group was significantly lower than that of control group and sham-operated group (P < 0.05). SGHWJN particles group and PPI group of esophageal tissue inflammation scores, expression of TNF-a in esophageal tissues and MDA levels than those in model group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). SOD content was significantly higher than that of model group (P < 0.05), SGHWJN particles group and PPI group showed no statistically significant difference between the above-mentioned indicators. The above-mentioned indicators showed no statistically significant difference between the normal group and sham-operated group. MDA content and expression of TNF-alpha in esophageal tissue was positively correlated with inflammatory scores of model group (r = 0.813). Model group esophageal tissue SOD content and inflammation scores were negatively correlated (r = -0.847). Esophageal tissue SOD levels were negatively correlated with MDA levels (r = -0.863).

CONCLUSIONSGHWJN particles can effectively inhibit inflammation in rat with reflux esophagitis through regulating TNF-alpha, SOD and MDA.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Esophagitis, Peptic ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; Esophagus ; drug effects ; immunology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Humans ; Inflammation Mediators ; immunology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; immunology

Objective The purpose of this study was to explore common complications and their clinicopathological features in pediatric liver transplantation.Methods Clinical and pathological data of 240 liver biopsies from 168 children that conducted liver puncture from January 2015 to May 2018 in Tianjin First Central Hospital was retrospectively analyzed.We comprehensively analyzed incidence rate and pathological features of various complications,and correlations between acute rejection and C4d staining result or Banff score.Results A total of 86.67％ (208/240) liver biopsies could be definitely diagnosed with incidence rate of main complications in descending order as follows:T cell mediated rejection (TCMR) 60.57％ (126/208),drug-induced liver injury (DILI) 17.31％ (36/208),biliary complication 8.17％ (17/208),vascular complication 3.37％ (7/208),ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) 2.88％ (6/208),antibody mediated acute rejection (AMR) 1.92％ (4/208),HBV infection 1.92％ (4/208),non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 1.44％ (3/208),chronic rejection (CR) 0.96 ％ (2/208) and HCV infection 0.48 ％ (1/208).TCMR and AMR in acute rejection (AR) accounted for 96.92％ (126/130) and 3.08％ (4/160),and into(portal-based,PB)type TCMR accounted for 96.03％(121/126) with the detectable rate of BP type subtype TCMR of 26.45％(32/121)within 30 d.There were 65.87％ (83/126)、25.40％ (32/126) 和4.76％ (6/126) of BP TCMR samples with "Banff ACR RAI" score within 3-5,6-7 and 8-9,and RAI score was negatively correlated with postoperative time (r =0.127,P =0.084).The incidence rate of central perivenulitis (CP) and portal eosinophils infiltration (PEI) in BP TCMR was 63.63％ (77/121) 和43.80％ (53/ 121),respectively,additionally,the PEI level was positively correlate with RAI score (P＜0.05).CP TCMR and AMR occurred within 30d-365 d and 8 d-180 d,respectively postoperative,while,the two CR occurred at 1095 d and 1335 d postoperative,and significant correlation was strikingly observed between rejection subtype and postoperative time (Z =9.231,P =0.026).C4d positive rate was 10％ (24/240),which was associated with Banff score and postoperative time,besides,C4d score was also correlated with rejection subtype and RAI score.The occurrence of DILI was mainly at time of ＜90 d or ＞180 d postoperative,and the detectable rate of biliary complication within 180 d postoperative was 82.35％ (14/17),IRI Appear in ＜30d.Hepatic artery complication account for nearly 57.14％ (4/7),occurrence time is ≤90 d.Occurrence of HBV infection,CMV infection and NAFLD were mainly at ＞365 d,＜90 d and ＜365 d,respectively.Conclusion There were lots of differences in clinical and pathological features among multi pediatric liver transplantation complications.Liver puncture plays an important role in rejection subtype classification and grading,as well as in non-rejection complications identification.