So far, there is no effective treatment for most of patients with sensorineural hearing loss. Many studies have shown that gene therapy has become more promising in terms of protecting the inner ear from these diseases. In recent years, inner ear gene therapy has become a research focus in the field of otology. It has not yet appeared a feasible technique for inner ear gene therapy in clinical application due to the particularity of the structure and function of inner ear. On the other hand, in order to avoid the adverse effects of carcinogenic and immunity caused by viral vectors, many scholars devote themselves to develop new gene vectors based on non-viral materials, such as liposomes, polymers and other nanomaterials. In recent years, many great progresses have been made in development and application of non-viral vectors, which showing an inspiring prospect. The research status, progress and prospects of non-viral vectors in inner ear gene therapy will be discussed in this review.
Animals ; Ear, Inner ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacies of acupuncture plus TDP lamp versus acupuncture plus moxibustion in treating rheumatoid arthritis.MethodOne hundred and fifty patients were randomly allocated to treatmentand control groups, 75 cases each. The treatment group received acupuncture plus moxibustion and the control group, acupuncture plus TDP radiation.Both groups were treated for two courses. The VAS scores and the clinical sign grades and scores were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.ResultThe VAS score and the clinical sign score improved in both groups after treatment compared with before (P<0.05). The total efficacy rate was 93.3% in the treatment group and 78.7% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The effect was better in the treatment group than in the control group.ConclusionAcupuncture plus moxibustion is more effective than acupuncture plus TDP lamp in treating rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective To study the influence of qiqishen granules on the cellular and humoral immune functions in model mice. Methods Six-week-old mice were divided into control group and qiqishen granule (high, medium and low dose) groups. The suspension of chicken red blood cells was injected into the mouse abdominal cavity. The influence of qiq-ishen granules on the phagocytic function of the macrophages in mouse abdominal cavity was observed. The sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were prepared. The blood corpuscle coagulation was observed, and the serum hemolysin was detected. The ac-tivity of the mouse natural killer (NK) cells were detected by the interaction between the target cell (YAC-1) and spleen cell (the response cell). The influence of qiqishen granules on the cellular immunity was detected by the lymphocyte transforming assay. The influence of qiqishen granules on organ/body weight ratio was measured by calculating the thymus/body and spleen/body ratio. Results Compared with the control,qiqishen granules significantly improved phagocytic function of the macrophages in mouse abdominal cavity. The humoral immune function was also improved in mice. The activity of NK cell was enhanced by qiqishen granules, which also enhanced the lymphocyte transforming induced by the concanavalin (Con) A. There was no significant influence in the organ/body weight ratio. Conclusion The qiqishen granules could increase the im-munomodulating effect, indicating it would have a good using prospect.

Ear ; physiopathology ; Hearing ; drug effects ; Humans ; Lead Poisoning

A label-free electrochemical immunosensor using hollow structure nanomaterials based on its ordered porous and big surface area was designed. Au nanocage, with good conductivity, catalysis, and biocompatibility, was prepared and modified on the surface of glassy carbon electrode with graphene to immobilize antibody of microcystin directly. In the absence of microcystin, biosensor can obtain high current response signal of electrochemical probe ( [ Fe( CN) 6 ] 3-/4-. When microcystin was combined with its antibody specifically, the charge density and mass transfer resistance on the surface of electrode increased, resulting in a decrease of the corresponding peak current of [ Fe ( CN ) 6 ] 3-/4-. This change was in proportion to the concentration of microcystin indirectly. Experiment conditions such as cultivation time of antigen and concentration of antibody were optimized. The results showed wide linear range of 0. 05 μg/L-1. 0 mg/L and the detection limit of 0. 017 ng/mL. This sensor has good stability and simple production procedure. This sensor provides a new and simple means for the ultrasensitive determination of microcystins in real water samples.

This study was aimed to observe renoprotective effect and possible mechanism on Y i-Shui Sheng-Xin Yin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sixty 12-week male SHR rats were randomly divided into six groups , which were the Y i-Shui She ng-X in Y in low-dose group , middle-dose group , high-dose group , Benazepril group , model group and blank control group , and ten rats for each group . The SHR rats were sacrificed after eight weeks . The urine microalbumin , blood urea nitrogen and cystatin were tested in each rat . The HE and Masson staining method were used to observe changes of renal pathology . Changes of expression of transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1 ) , connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) , FN were detected by immunohistochemistry . The results showed that compared with the blank control group , blood pressure in model group was associated with a significant rise after 8 weeks. Compared with the model group, blood pressure in the Yi-Shui Sheng-Xin Yin middle-dose group, high-dose group and Benazepril group significantly decreased. Compared with the blank control group , urine microalbumin , blood urea nitrogen and cystatin in model group were associated with a significant rise . Compared with the model group , urine microalbumin , blood urea nitrogen and cystatin in the Y i-Shui She ng-X in Y in middle-dose group , high-dose group and Benazepril group significantly decreased . Pathological examinations showed that pathological changes in model group were faster than all drug-groups , appeared pathological changes of glomerular hypertrophy , glomerular basement membrane thickening of heterogeneity and extensive vacuoles degeneration . Immunohistochemical staining showed that compared with the blank control group , expressions of TGF-β1 , CTGF and FN of rat kidney tissue in model group were obviously up-regulated ( P < 0 . 05 ) . Compared with the model group , expressions of TGF-β1 , CTGF and FN in the Y i-Shui She ng-X in Y in , middle-dose group , high-dose group and Benazepril group were down-regulated ( P < 0 . 05 ) . It was concluded that Y i-Shui She ng-X in Y in can reduce SHR rats' early renal glomerulosclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis , which play roles of delaying the progress of hypertension and protecting kidney . Its mechanism of action may be related to TGF-β1 , CTGF , FN signal pathways .

Objective To analyze the features of health economics in the treatment of leukemia;To evaluate the improvement trend of levels of clinical diagnosis, treatment and management. Methods TCM medical information dtatabase and electronic medical system in Zhejing Province TCM Hospital from January 2010 to December 2015 were retrived. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, leukemia patients’ materials that met the critiria were screened. The total hospitalization fees, cost of Western medicine, the cost of Chinese patent medicine, cost of TCM decoction pieces, and cost of blood transfusion were set as costs, while white blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and platelet count were set as effectiveness indicators for cost effectiveness analysis. Results In patients with low white blood cell count increased unit white blood cell count, patients with high white blood cell count declined unit white blood cell count, patients with low hemoglobin increased unit hemoglobin count and patients with low platelet count increased unit platelet count, the total hospitalization fees, cost of Western medicine, the cost of Chinese patent medicine, cost of TCM decoction pieces, and blood transfusionfor the above increases showed a decreasing trend. Conclusion Health economics advantages in three blood routine indicators after treatment of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine for leukemia is increasing year by year.

Objective:To compare the effect of endoscopic-assisted low temperature plasma (ELTP) and electric planer (EP) on the treatment of adenoid hypertrophy.Methods:We searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),Wanfang Database,Weipu Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature (CMB),PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Database,and collected the randomized controlled studies regarding the effect of ELTP and EP on the treatment of adenoid hypertrophy from January 2007 to June 2016.Methodologies were used to evaluate the included studies,and Meta-analysis was performed by Revman 5.2.Results:Thirteen studies including 1 448 patients fulfilled the study requirement.Seven hundred and twenty-two patients were treated with ELTP,and 726 patients were treated with EP.The Meta-analysis showed:compared with EP,ELTP could improve the cure rare (OR=3.19,95％ CI 1.42to 7.15,P=0.005),reduce the blood loss during surgery (MD=-20.35,95％ CI-20.84 to-19.87,P＜0.001),shorten the operation time (MD=-15.71,95％ CI-18.06 to-12.17,P＜0.001),and reduce the incidence of complications (OR=0.13,95％ CI 0.06 to 0.30,P＜0.001),while there was no difference between the 2 groups in the postoperative residual rate of adenoid,postoperative hemorrhage rate and the rate oftorus tubarius injury.Conclusion:Comparing with EP,ELTP shows more advantages in the adenoidectomy.

Objective To compare influences of enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) on the inflammatory factors and immune functions in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Methods Totally 85 patients who were treated in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, and Taiyuan Central Hospital from April, 2006 to April, 2010 were enrolled in this study and divided into EN group (n = 49) and PN group (n = 36) according to nutrition support modes. The changes of inflammatory factors and immune functions after nutritional supports were recorded and compared between these two groups. Results The weight, arm circumference, skin fold thickness of brachial triceps, total protein, and serum albumin were significantly improved on the 7th and 14th day after nutrition supports in both two groups compared with the baseline levels (all P ＜ 0.05). On the 14th day after nutritional support, the levels of total protein and serum albumin were significantly higher in EN group than in PN group. On the 7th and 14th day, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-1β in EN group were significantly lower than those in PN group and baseline levels (all P ＜ 0. 05). The blood CD4/CD8 and IgG in EN group were significantly increased compared with the baseline levels and those in PN group (both P ＜0. 05). Conclusions Both PN and EN can effectively improve the nutritional status of patients with SIRS. EN has superior effectiveness in EN group than in PN group in terms of improving nutritional status, ameliorating immune function, and reducing the release of inflammatory factors.

Purpose:The study was designed to investigate the feasibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the differentiation of benign and malignant adnexal masses.Materials and Methods:Sixty-nine consecutive patients with adnexal masses received trans vaginal contrast-enhanced ultrasound.The image and perfusion features were assessed.Results:All of 26 malignant tumors showed detectable contrast enhancement,including 24 cases with a quick,heterogeneous or branching pattern.Among 39 benign lesions,24 were cystic with circle or half-circle enhancement,including 5 cases with intra-cystic septum or papillae slightly enhanced.The other 15 cases were solid,8 of them had slightly dotted enhancement.There are significant difference in enhancement patterns between benign and malignant masses ( P < 0.0001).The 4 cases of borderline tumors showed progressive,heterogeneous enhancement.Conclusion:Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is of value in the differentiation of benign and malignant adnexal masses.