OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the utilization ratio of emergency contraceptive(EC)pills and re-ducing unwanted pregnancy. METHODS:Among 458 women with unwanted pregnancy in our hospital,self-designed question-naires were used to survey the respondents'knowledge and utilization of EC pills,reasons for not using,sources of EC knowledge and drug availability. The results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:Totally 458 questionnaires were distributed and then 426 valid questionnaires were collected with effective rate of 93.0%. Among respondents,the awareness rate of EC was 81.2%(346/426),and the rate of those receiving higher education was higher than that of other education levels(P<0.001). 56.3%(240/426) of the respondents had ever used EC pills at one time,the utilization ratio of EC pills were higher in women less than 30-year-old and receiving higher education than other age and educational levels(P<0.01). Only 20.2%(86/426)of the respondents ever used EC pills after the last menstrual period and only 3.5%(3/86) of them took EC pills correctly. Not understanding or knowing EC was the main reason for not using EC pills,accounting for 60.6%(206/340). The highest proportion of source which the respon-dents got EC knowledge was network,accounting for 53.5%(185/346). 37.0%(81/219) of the respondents who had ever pur-chased drugs couldn't purchase EC pills conveniently. CONCLUSIONS:The utilization ratio of EC pills in women with unwanted pregnancy needs to be improved and non-standard drug use is more common. It indicates that health education of contraception still need to be strengthened and the availability of EC pills improved.

Objective To investigate the status of high-risk human papilloma virus(HR-HPV)infection and natural clearance in males whose wife have been infected,and to analysis the coincidence rates of HPV subtypes in couples.Methods Urethra epithelial cells and urethral secretions of 246 males whose wife infected with HR-HPV have been enrolled in the study to detect 13 kinds of HPV subtypes and redetect after 1 year.Results The natural clearance rate of HR-HPV in male was 31.82％(35/110).The infection rate was 44.72％(110/246)in initial detection,while 30.49％(75/246) in redetection,the difference was statistically significant(χ2=10.612,P<0.05).The coincidence rate of HPV subtypes in couples was 15.04％(37/246)in initial detection,while 8.94％(22/246)in redetection,the difference was statistically significant(χ2=4.333,P<0.05).The frequency percentage of HPV16,18 increased significantly in male,the difference was statistically significant(χ2=35.991,P<0.05).Conclusion HR-HPV can be cross-transmitted between infected women and their spouses.It is necessary to detect for her husband once women have been detected high-risk HPV positive.

Objective:To explore the etiopathogenisis and pathogenesis of AIDS,provide the theoretical basis for TCM treatment based on syndrome differentiation.Methods:15 TCM experts who engaged in prevention and control of AIDS were investigated by the questionnaires,and the results were analysed.Results:In the experts' opinion,epidemic toxicity,damp-toxin,dampness pathogen and heat pathogen are the common etiopathogenisis of AIDS.Deficiency of primordial qi,yang deficiency of spleen and kidney and deficiency of both qi and yin are the common pathogenesis.The common invasion sits of pathogenic factors are in sequence of the spleen,kidney,lung,stomach and liver.Conclusion: AIDS is caused by damp-heat and epidemic toxicity,human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) has been confirmed to be the direct pathogenesis.The pathological characteristic is HIV toxicity danmaging the primordial qi.Pathological changes implicate mainly the spleen and the kidney.

Objective To explore the psychological characteristics of cancer long-term survivors.Methods One hundred and fifty one cancer long-term survivors(survival time ≥5 years) were chosen for participation from Guangzhou and Shenzhen by the coin method in this study.The qualitative data of the patients'psychological characteristics were collected by individual interviews,and the patients'behavioral and psychological characteristics were measured by the Tumor Psychological Scale(TPS),the Cancer Coping Modes Questionnaire(CCMQ) and the Psychological Adjustment Scale for Cancer Patients(PASCP).The psychological characteristics of the 151 cancer long-term survivors were compared with the average level of cancer patients (over 557 patients).Quantitive data were analyzed by two independent samples't-test.Results (1) Most cancer long-term survivors knew their diagnosis in two weeks after they were diagnosed.The cancer long-term survivors were better in mentality and got more social supports.Most long-time survivors attributed their success to good psychological well-being and positive treatments.(2) The TPS scores of cancer long-term survivors group(1.99 ± 0.45,1.68 ± 0.51,1.33 ± 0.32,1.87 ± 0.44,1.78 ± 0.41 respectively) were lower than the scores of the average level of cancer patients (3.06 ±2.12,3.08 ± 2.03,2.86 ± 2.08,3.02 ± 2.06,2.98 ± 1.75 respectively) in the dimensions of personality,emotion,unconscious,cognition and the total average score.The differences were significant statistically(P ＜ 0.01).The CCMQ scores of cancer long-term survivors group were higher than the scores of the average level of cancer patients in the dimension of confrontation and catharses.In the dimensions of avoidance and suppression,resignation and fantasy,the scores of cancer long-term survivors group were lower than the scores of the average level of cancer patients.All the differences were significant statistically (P ＜ 0.05).The PASCP scores of cancer long-term survivors group were higher than the scores of the average level of cancer patients in the dimension of emotion/self-esteem,subjective feeling,interpersonal relationship/social life,the daily life and the other.The differences was significant statistically(P＜ 0.001).Conclusion There are common characteristics of cancer long-term survivors such as good mental health state,lower tumor psychological level,positive coping styles,getting better psychological adjustment.

Objective To study the genetic toxicity of 3 brands of detergents to the root tip cells of Vicia faba in the inducing time and the inducing way(continual mutagenesis,accumulative mutagenesis) with micronucleus and the chromosomal aberration Methods The root tip cells of Vicia faba were taken as the subjects,the genetic safety tests were conducted on those materials treated with detergent of a certain concentration(0.25%) for 2、4、6 h of continual mutagenesis and accumulative mutagenesis respectively.Distilled water was used as the control.Results The continual mutagenesis showed that all the three detergents could induce the root tip cells of Vicia faba to produce micronucleus and chromosomal aberration and as the mutagenic time prolonged,at 6 h,the changes became weak.The genetic toxicity in the accumulative mutagenesis group was greater than that in the continual mutagenesis group.Conclusion According to the results of the present paper,to some extent,detergents may produce genetic toxicity.

BACKGROUND: Anti-virus therapy is not suitable for the patients who have asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); otherwise, it is significant for early intervention of Chinese herbs to cure asymptomatic HIV.OBJECTIVE: To observe the interventional effects of fuzheng paidu pian on level of CD4+T lymphocytes and changes of plasma viral vector expression in early phase of asymptomatic HIV infection.DESIGN : Observational contrast study.SETTING: Institute of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 69 asymptomatic HIV patients, who were infected by paid blood, were randomly selected from some countryside in November 2005. There were 39 males and 30 females. Their ages ranged from 30 to 61 years and the mean age was (43±8) years, and the mean course was (13±3) years. Inclusion criteria: ① coincident with diagnostic criteria of asymptomatic HIV infection published by National AIDS committee (modified in 2005); ②from 18 to 65 years old; ③ 200/mm3 ≤CD4+T lymphocyte count ＜ 600/mm3; ④ Patients did not treat with antiviral and other drugs; ⑤ All patients provided the confirmed consent. Exclusion criteria: ① severe liver and renal malfunction,combining with cardio-cerebral vascular disease and severe primary diseases of lung and hematopoietic system,mental diseases; ② primary immunodeficiency, secondary immunodeficiency induced by hormone and radiation therapy, hematologic disease; ③ pregnant or lactational women. Another 25 asymptomatic HIV patients were randomly selected.and regarded as the blank group. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were as the same as those in the treatment group.METHODS: Patients in the treatment group were treated with fuzheng paidu pian (consisting of huangqi, raw baizhu,fangfeng, baihuashe shecao, ganca o, etc.; Aolinte Pharmaceutical Factory of Henan Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; batch number: 050601) by using warm boiled water, 5 tablets once (eqUal to 6.6 g raw materials) for three times a day. Three months were regarded as a course and the treatment was performed four courses in total. Patients in the blank group were not treated with any drugs.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Values of CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the treatment group before and after treatment;CD4+T lymphocyte count in the blank group after 6 months; ② Viral vector was detected by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCT) in the treatment group.RESULTS: All 69 patients in the treatment group and 25 patients in the blank group were involved in the final analysis. ①CD4+ value was decreased in the blank group after 6 months, and there was significant difference before and after 6 months based on α =0.05 level (P ＜ 0.05).However, CD4+ value was increased in the treatment group. ② Viral vector was randomly detected from 23 patients in the treatment group. As compared with before treatment, plasma viral vector was decreased in 9 patients at 6 months after treatment and in 12 patients at 1 year after treatment. The effective rate was 91.30%.CONCLUSION: Fuzheng paidu pian can improve immunological function of asymptomatic HIV patients and decrease viral vector in some cases during early interventional period.

AIM: To study the effect of effective parts of Acanthopanax senticosus on Parkinson's disease mouse model(from C_(57) BL/6 strain) concerning Gammaamino butyric acid(GABA),nigra-striatum tyrosine hydrozylase(TH) and hippocampal glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP). METHODS: In MPTP(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropytidine)-induced PD mouse model(accumulative dose amounted to 150 mg/kg) pole-climbing time was determined of mice after receiving effective parts of Acanthopanax senticosus for 20 d,and GARA,TH and GFAP expression were assayed simultaneously with the help of immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: Mice's pole-climbing time was measured,GABA and TH made a significant difference between treated group and control group(P

0.05)in sex.Most patients had no basic diseases.5% patients were above 65 yrs old.98.75% patients had 0～2 CURB-65 scores.Consistent fever and cough were the main symptoms in these patients.There were multiple changes in CT images.Except ground glass attenuation,other signs such as consolidation,global or tumor-like shadow,scattered multiple patchy infiltration shadow,pleural effusions and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes or migrated lesions were commonly seen.Macrolides antibiotics had poor effect.Conclusion New changing tendency of adult mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia has occurred,clinical symptoms are severer with multiple changes in radioactivity and the treatment has become more difficult.

Objective:To develop and evaluate the Cancer Dangerous Factor and Aura Manifestation List(CDFAML).Methods:A self-report questionnaire was developed.A total of 639 cancer patients were asked to complete the questionnaire and evaluate the importance of each item.And 129 relatives and 103 doctors and nurses were also asked to evaluate the importance of each item.706 healthy people whose demographics were similar to the patients were asked to complete the list.Results:①CDFAML was finally refined as a list with 19-item;the 4 dimensions including somatic,psychological,social factor and life habits.②The list had good construct validity and could well reflect the dangerous factor and aura manifestation of the onset of cancer.The 4 dimensions and the total score of the patients were significantly different from healthy people's scores.③ The test-retest coefficients for the 4 dimensions and the total score were 0.82,0.76,0.80,0.77 and 0.83 respectively;Cronbach ? was 0.76,0.79,0.83,0.80 and 0.86 respectively.The split-half reliability of the questionnaire was 0.90.Conclusion:CDFAML has high validity,reliability.

Objective To observe the ultrastructure of pancreas in the bustard( Otis tarda limaells) . Methods Three bustard's pancreas were observed with electron microscope. Results The exocrine secretory units of bustard's pancreas contain a lobulated tubulo acinar gland in which the lobulation is not so distinct as that of the mammalian gland due to the lack of interlobular connective tissue septa.The space between lobular pancreas is lined directly with pancreatic cells as the duct.Single long spindle shaped connective tissue cell could only be seen among three lobules and its cytoplasm becomes slender and stretches into the space between lobules as a distinct intermediate dense line.The exocrine secretory cells can be divided into two kinds of dark and light.In the light cell,particularly in swelled up rER with very little density are filled the greater part of the cytoplasm and made the cell appearance much lighter than other cells.\;The endocrine cells are divided into two types that are dispersed in pancreatic singly and clustered into pancreatic islets.The dispersed endocrine cells contain a lot of moderate dark electron dense granules in their process near basement membrane.There are two types of islets——A islet and B islet in the bustard pancreas.A islets comprise only one cell type with moderate electron density that contains dark endocrine granules.B islet contains two cell types:B and D cell.B cells are the most numerous cells with a long ovoid nucleus and contains two or three types of granules in the cytoplasm.D cells are relatively rare and can be seen in the periphery nearby basement membrane.Cells keep close to each other and desmosomes can be seen within the islet.The endocrine cells closely contact exocrine cells without basement membrane in the periphery partly.Conclusion\ These are some structural characteristics that adapt to fly and that are different from other animal in bustard's pancreas.