Objective To detect the salivary levels of IgA,alpha-amylase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and saliva flow rates of IgA in normal controls versus Parkinson disease (PD) patients,and to analyze the correlation of these salivary biochemical indexes with disease duration,H&Y rating scale,SCOPA-AUT score,sialorrhea score,dry mouth score and the use of levodopa.Methods Thirty-eight PD patients including twenty-two patients treated with levodopa,and twenty-one normal controls were selected in our study.About 3 ml saliva was collected from each subject.Salivary IgA was detected by immunoturbidimetry.Alpha-amylase and AChE were tested by enzymatic colorimetry.The protein concentration was analyzed by BCA kit to normalize ACHE.The salivary flow rate and IgA flow rate were also calculated.Results Salivary flow rate (ml/min) was (0.39±0.22) in normal controls,and (0.35±0.28) in PD groups;the level of IgA (mg/L) was (148.3±86.1) in normal controls,and (183.7±126.3) in PD groups;IgA flow rate (μg/min) was (47.8±25.9) in normal controls,and (46.9±27.1) in PD groups;the level of alpha-amylase (U/L) was (1.63 ± 1.21) × 105 in normal control,and (1.35 ± 9.87) × 105 U/L in PD group;and the level of AChE (U/mg) was (0.12±0.08) in normal controls,and (0.09±0.05) in PD group.No statistically significant differences in above indexes were found between PD group and controls.There were negative correlations between salivary flow rate and dry mouth score (r =-0.445,P =0.005) and between alpha-amylase concentration and sialorrhea score (r=-0.327,P=0.045).The positive associations were found between IgA concentration and the SCOPA-AUT score (r =0.438,P =0.006),and between IgA flow rate and sialorrhea score (r =0.411,P =0.01).Conclusions Salivary flow rate and level of alpha-amylases tend to be decreased in PD patients,while IgA concentration has an upward tendency.Salivary alpha-amylases concentration and IgA flow rate are correlated with the symptom of sialorrhea,while IgA concentration correlates with the degree of autonomic symptoms.These measurements can be used as indexes for evaluating the lesions of the autonomic nervous system.

Objective To evaluate the effect of trimetazidine in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients with impaired systolic function. Methods There were 90 cases in total, and were divided into two groups randomly: 42patients took conventional therapy,and 48 patients took trimetazidine additionally. Plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(LVEDD) were measured before and after trimetazidine therapy at 6 months, 12 months. Results Compared to conventional therapy group, LVEF, LVEDD and BNP were significantly improved in the trimetazidine group (P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Trimetazidine additional to conventional therapy might improve heart function and reverse ventricles reconstitution in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients with impaired systolic function.

Objective To study the dissolving difference of jujubaside A and tranquilizing effect crushed Semen Ziziphi Spinosae in water extraction. Methods Crushed Semen Ziziphi Spinosae and Semen Ziziphi Spinosae were decocted and the content of jujubaside A in different samples was inspected by HPLC. The experiment was carried out on Agilent C18 column (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m), using methanol-water (65∶35) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detector was ELSD. The temperature of drift tube for ELSD was 110 ℃ and the flux of N2 was 2.4 L/min. The mice given two different samples were observed of assisting sleeping and voluntary action. Results Jujubaside A was not found in sample of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, and the content of jujubaside A in sample of crushed Semen Ziziphi Spinosae was 0.009 0%. The sample of crushed Semen Ziziphi Spinosae could assist sleeping well. Conclusion Semen Ziziphi Spinosae should be crushed for clinical use.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in the expression of phospholipase C-gamma1tyr783 (PLC-γ1tyr783) in the condylar cartilage of a young rat during functional mandibular protraction. This work also explores the function of PLC-γ1tyr783 in the rat mandibular condylar cartilage bone remodeling, which could provide experimental evidence for clinical bone ortho- pedic work.

METHODSA total of 60 four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in this study. The rats were divided equally and randomly into experimental group and control group. The functional appliances that were fitted to the upper incisors of the animals in the experimental group were worn 24 h a day after the rats were fed for 7 d with homemade pellet feed. The animals in the experimental group, along with their matched controls, were sacrificed after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. The bilateral condylar was fixed, decalcified, dehyded, and then conventional paraffin embedded. Immunohisto- chemistry of PLC-γ1tyr783 was applied to observe its express distribution and variation.

RESULTSThe expression of PLC-γ1tyr783 decreased gradually in the control group, which showed age-related changes (P > 0.05). On the 14th day, PLC-γ1tyr783 expres- sion in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. PLC-γ1tyr783 expression began to appear statistically and significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPLC-γ1tyr783 is involved in the bone remodeling process of the rat condylar cartilage after functional mandibular-protraction.

BACKGROUND: It is significant to establish a kind of effective, conve nient and reliable animal model of hypertension. At present, dogs, rats and rabbits are usually used to establish hypertensive models at home and abroad, and the renal artery stenosis induced hypertensive models are ex tensively used to research hypertension and its complication for human be ings because they are convenient and reliable, and there are many methods to establish them, but the effects are to be evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To establish convenient and reliable animal models of ex perimental renal artery stenosis induced hypertension. DESIGN: A randomized grouping design and animal experiment. SETTING: Institute of Cerebrovascular diseases, Medical College Hospital of Qingdao University. MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in Shandong Key Labora tory for Prevention and treatment of Brain Disease from September 2005 to February 2006. Eighty-one healthy Wistar rats divided into 7 groups accord ing to the method of random number table: unilateral renal artery stenosis group (n=18), bilateral renal artery stenosis group (n=17), unilateral renal artery ligation group (n=15), bilateral renal artery ligation group (n=15), uni lateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group (n=6), bilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group (n=4) and normal control group (n=6). METHODS: Unilateral renal artery stenosis group: Right renal artery was clamped with miniature silver clip, and left kidney was resected after 12 days. Bilateral renal artery stenosis group: Right renal artery was clamped with miniature silver clip, and the same treatment was given to the left side after 12 days. Unilateral renal artery ligation group: Right renal artery was ligated with filament, and left kidney was resected after 12 days. Bilateral renal artery ligation group: Right renal artery was ligated with filament, and the same treatment was given to the left side after 12 days. Unilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group: Right kidney was exposed, and returned to the original place without any treatment, and left kidney was resected af ter 12 days. Bilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group: Right kid ney was exposed, and returned to the original place without any treatment, and the same treatment was given to the left side after 12 days. Normal con trol group: The rats were not given any treatment. The blood pressure and heart rate were determined with RBP-2 hemomanometer for rats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The successful rate of model estab lishment, blood pressure and heart rate were observed. RESULTS: Totally 81 rats were used, and 61 of them died, all were in volved in the analysis of results without deletion. ① Blood pressures in the unilateral and bilateral renal artery stenosis groups and bilateral renal artery ligation group were obviously higher than those in the normal control group and bilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group [(138.0 ±36.5), (154.2±11.6), (160.5±0.7), (101.3±17.6), (108.3±5.7) mm Hg]. ② The changes of heart rate in the renal artery stenosis group were unstable, and the heart rates in the unilateral and bilateral renal artery stenosis groups, bilateral renal artery ligation group, normal control group and bilat eral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group were (367.5±47.2), (420.2 ±47.8), (386.0±4.2), (390.3±42.4), (417.3±27.5) beats per minute, respec tively. ③ The survival rates in the renal artery stenosis groups (22%, 29%) were significantly higher than those in the renal artery ligation groups (0,12%), and it was the highest in the unilateral renal artery stenosis group.CONCLUSION: The method of clamping bilateral renal arteries can establish stable rat models of hypertension induced by renal artery stenosis.

AIM: To investigated the changes of hippocampus noradrenaline levels and its tyrosine hydroxyase (TH) , monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) expressions during chronic psycological stress procedure and physical exercise in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n =24) were randomly assigned to three conditions; (1) restraint stress (S) at 6 h/d for 3 weeks; (2) 24 h access to activity wheel running (E) for 4 weeks; (3) a sedentary control group (C). Levels of NE were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Protein expression of TH and MAOA were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared to C, weight loss and sucrose consumption rate decrease were induced in S, and NE was lower while TH and MAOA expressions increased significantly. In E group, NE was higher and TH, MAOA increased distinctly. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that hippocampus NE level may play an important role in the mechanism on the protection of physical exercise to chronic psycological stress, there is no close connection between NE change and TH, MAOA.Other mechanisms may exist.

AIM: This study is to determine changes of hippocampal norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5 -HT) in long term physical exercise and chronic psychological stress, and to study the roles of the two monoamine transmitters in the effect of exercise counteracting stress - induced hippocampal damages in brain. METHODS : Levels of hippocampal NE and 5 - HT in rats undergoing 4 - week voluntary wheel running exercise (exercise group) or 3 - week restraint stress (stress group) or 4 - week exercise and 3 - week stress (exercise - stress group) were detected by high - performance liquid chromatography using electrochemical detection. RESULTS: It is showed that levels of hippocampal NEand 5 - HT increased significantly (P < 0. 01) in the exercised rats, and in the stressed rats, hippocampal 5 - HT levelssignificantly decreased(P < 0. 05). Additionally, the NE levels maintained significant high (P < 0. 01) in exercise -stressed rats compared to the pure stressed ones. On the other hand, no obvious difference was observed in hippocampal5 - HT levels between stress group and exercise - stress group, which were all significant lower (P < 0. 05) than that in exercise group. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that both the NE and 5 - HT may play important roles in mediating the exercise-induced positive effects and the 5 - HT may play an important role in stress - induced negative effects on the hippocampus. Moreover, NE may take more action in the exercise attenuating stress - induced hippocampal damages. The hippocampal NE may be more susceptible to exercise, and the hippocampal 5 - HT may be more susceptible to stress.`

AIM:To characterize the inclusion complex of volatile oil of Rhodiola crenulata/?-cyclodextrin. METHODS: Some analytical methods,such as DTA,IR,GC,TLC were apllied to the investigation before and after the inclusion. RESULTS: The difference between the inclusion and physical mixture in differential thermal(analysis,) infrared spectra,gas chromatogram and thin layer chromatogram. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of Rhodiola crenulata volatile oil has the characteristic of intramolecular inclusion.

Objective To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning-postconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Male SD rats weighing 180-200 g were killed after intraperitoneal injection of heparin 500 U/kg. The hearts were immediately removed and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution gassed with 95%O2-5%CO2 .HR and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle. Global myocardial ischemia was induced by interrupting perfusion for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. Forty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group 1 (I/R); group II morphine preconditioning (M1 ); group Ⅲ morphine postconditioning (M2); group IV M1 + M2; group V 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) + M2. Group M1 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 20 min 30 min before ischemia followed by 10 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group 5-HD + M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L+ 5-HD 10-4 mmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Myocardial CK-MB activity was measured and myocardial infarct size (IS/AAR) detennined (by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium staining) at the end of 60 min reperfusion. Results The preconditioning, postconditioning and combination of preconditioning and postconditioning with morphine 3.0 μmol/L perfusion for 10 min all provided cardio-protective effects in terms of IS/AAR and myocardial activation of CK-MB. Conclusion Although the combination of morphine preconditioning and postconditioning can protect the heart against I/R injury, the effects are similar to those of either of them alone, and the reason may be that either of them alone protects the heart against I/R injury via activating mitoKATP .

Objective To determine whether morphine postconditioning (MP) could protect the heart against ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury and which specific type(s) of the opioid receptor is involved in the cardioprotective effect produced by hiP. Methods Male SD rots weighing 180-200 g were killed after intraperitoneal heparin 500 U/kg. The hearts were immediately removed and passively perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution gassed with 95% O2-5% CO2. HR and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle. Global myocardial ischemia was induced by interrupting perfusion for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. The experiment was performed in 3 parts. In Part Ⅰ 32 isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each): group Ⅰ control received no treatment; group Ⅱ ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ were first perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 0.3, 3.0 and 30 μmol/L respectively for 10 min immediately after the end of ischemia followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. In part Ⅱ,the concentration of morphine in K-H solution which provided the best cardio-protective effects was chosen according to the result of Part Ⅰ , 32 isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 8 each) : group Ⅰ received no treatment; gvoup Ⅱ,ⅢⅣ were first perfused with K-H solution containing morphine for 5, 10, 20 min respectively immediately after ischemia followed by 50 min peffusion with normal K-H solution. In part Ⅲ,the MP method which provided the best cardio-protective effects was chosen according to the result of Part Ⅱ , 37 isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups: group Ⅰ control (n=8);group Ⅱ-Ⅴ were first perfused for 10 min with K-H solution containing morphine (Ⅱ,n = 8)/morphine + naloxone 10 μmol/L(Ⅲ, n = 7)/morphine + nor-binaltorphimine 5 μmol/L (specific κ receptor antagonist, n = 7)/morphine + nalu'indole 5 μmol/L (specific δ receptor antagonist, n = 7) followed by 50 min reperfusion with normal K-H solution. Myocardial CK-MB activity was measured and myocardial infarct size (IS/AAR) determined (by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium staining) at the end of 60 min reperfusion.Results The postconditioning with morphine 3.0 μmol/L perfusion for 10 min provided the best cardio-protective effects in terms of IS/AAR and myocardial release of CK-MB. Nuloxone completely abolished the cardio-protective effects of MP. Nor-binaltorphimine partly reversed the protective effect of MP, while naltrindole had no effects on MP. Conclusion MP protects the heart against I/R injury via activating κ receptor.