Objective To evaluate the effects of percutaneous transhepatic variceal obliteration in the treatment of acute bleeding from gastroesophageal varices in patients with severe cirrhosis.Methods 19 patients with Child C cirrhosis suffered from active bleeding from gastroesphageal varices. Emergency procechures of percutaneous transhepatic variceal obliteration were performed in all 19 patients. Results Successful catheterization and obliteration of the varices in all of the 19 cases. Active bleeding were controlled in 18 cases with only one failure and TIPSS was performed. During a follow up peroiod ranging from one to 12 months, 14 cases bled recurrently during 3 to 12 months. 15 cases died within the follow up period. 4 cases were alive. Severe complication of intraperitoneal bleeding occurred in 1 case, and laparotomy was performed. Conclusions Percutaneous transhepatic variceal obliteration is effective in controlling acute bleeding from gastroesophageal varices in patients with Child C cirrhosis. It could be used as the first choice treatment method for emergency when TIPSS is contraindicated.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of the extract of Vaccinium Bracteatum Thunb(VBT) leaves against light injury of retina.Methods 20 Newzealand rabbits were divided into 4 groups: the normal control group,modelⅠgroup,modelⅡ group,and model Ⅲ group.The normal control group ate and drank freely.modelⅠgroup ate and drank freely but took in 50g/(kg?d) fresh VBT leaves daily for 4 weeks.model Ⅱgroup ate and drank freely,but took in 50g/(kg?d) old VBT leaves daily for 4 weeks.model Ⅲ group ate freely,but took in 50mg/(kg?d) extract of VBT leaves(resolved in water) daily for 4 weeks.All rabbits were exposed to strong light,meanwhile, the retinas were analyzed by electroretinogram(ERG) every week.Finally,all the rabbits were killed and the content of MDA and SOD in the retina were detected.Results In the control group,the latency time of the B wave increased and the amplitude of the B wave shortened,while in the model Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups,the changes of B wave just opposite.The content of MDA in the model Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ groups was lower than that in the control group(P

Ischemic stroke is a catastrophic event in young adults. It may cause death,disability, incapacity and decline in the quality of life. When the neurologists are facing the suspected ischemic stroke in young adults, the greatest challenge of diagnosis is to identify the causes. This article reviews the risk factors, etiological diagnosis as well as its associated disorders and dysfunction in young adults.

Arteriosclerosis is the leading cause of stroke, with a fatality rate surpassing that of ischemic heart disease. High-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging is generally recognized as a non-invasive and panoramic method for the evaluation of arterial plaque; however, this method requires improved signal-tonoise ratio and scanning speed. Recent advances in high-density head and neck coil arrays are characterized by broad coverage, multiple channels, and closefitting designs. This review analyzes fast magnetic resonance imaging from the perspective of accelerated algorithms for vessel wall imaging and demonstrates the need for effective algorithms for signal acquisition using advanced radiofrequency system. We summarize different phased-array structures under various experimental objectives and equipment conditions, introduce current research results, and propose prospective research studies in the future.

This paper introduces the teaching method of medical-electrical cross-integration and the teaching practice experience in the past three years by taking the integration of medicine and electrical engineering as an example. Starting from the analysis of the characteristics of learning situation, the teaching introduction process, the case discussion and analysis, and the after-class tracking and improvement, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the medical-electrical cross-teaching and proposes the corresponding teaching methods and supporting cases. Preliminary exploration attempts show that this teaching method can improve students' comprehensive ability, especially multidisciplinary thinking ability, and has a certain positive effect.

Genome-scale metabolomics analysis is increasingly used for pathway and function dis-covery in the post-genomics era.The great potential offered by developed mass spectrometry(MS)-based technologies has been hindered,since only a small portion of detected metabolites were iden-tifiable so far.To address the critical issue of low identification coverage in metabolomics,we adopted a deep metabolomics analysis strategy by integrating advanced algorithms and expanded reference databases.The experimental reference spectra and in silico reference spectra were adopted to facilitate the structural annotation.To further characterize the structure of metabolites,two approaches were incorporated into our strategy,i.e.,structural motif search combined with neutral loss scanning and metabolite association network.Untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed on 150 rice cultivars using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap MS.Consequently,a total of 1939 out of 4491 metabolite features in the MS/MS spectral tag(MS2T)library were annotated,representing an extension of annotation coverage by an order of magnitude in rice.The differential accumulation patterns of flavonoids between indica and japon-ica cultivars were revealed,especially O-sulfated flavonoids.A series of closely-related flavonolignans were characterized,adding further evidence for the crucial role of tricin-oligolignols in lignification.Our study provides an important protocol for exploring phytochemical diversity in other plant species.

Rapid development of high-throughput technologies has permitted the identification of an increasing number of disease-associated genes (DAGs), which are important for understanding disease initiation and developing precision therapeutics. However, DAGs often contain large amounts of redundant or false positive information, leading to difficulties in quantifying and prioritizing potential relationships between these DAGs and human diseases. In this study, a network-oriented gene entropy approach (NOGEA) is proposed for accurately inferring master genes that contribute to specific diseases by quantitatively calculating their perturbation abilities on directed disease-specific gene networks. In addition, we confirmed that the master genes identified by NOGEA have a high reliability for predicting disease-specific initiation events and progression risk. Master genes may also be used to extract the underlying information of different diseases, thus revealing mechanisms of disease comorbidity. More importantly, approved therapeutic targets are topologically localized in a small neighborhood of master genes in the interactome network, which provides a new way for predicting drug-disease associations. Through this method, 11 old drugs were newly identified and predicted to be effective for treating pancreatic cancer and then validated by in vitro experiments. Collectively, the NOGEA was useful for identifying master genes that control disease initiation and co-occurrence, thus providing a valuable strategy for drug efficacy screening and re-positioning. NOGEA codes are publicly available at https://github.com/guozihuaa/NOGEA.

BACKGROUND:Due to the young age of children,the occipital condyle and foramen magnum are not fully developed,and they are prone to various diseases and injuries in the occipitocervical junction,which requires surgical treatment in severe cases.However,anatomical parameters for the development of the occipital condyle and foramen magnum in children are lacking. OBJECTIVE:To measure the morphological structure of the occipital condyle and foramen magnum by three-dimensional reconstruction technique,and to provide important anatomical parameters for occipitocervical junction lesions,related surgical procedures and forensic identification. METHODS:Imaging data of 389 cases of primitive children and adolescents involved in skull base undergoing spiral CT scanning(247 males and 142 females)aged 1-18 years were collected and divided into 1-3-year-old group,4-6-year-old group,7-9-year-old group,10-12-year-old group,13-15-year-old group,and 16-18-year-old group according to their age.Mimics 16.0 software was used to reconstruct the skull base and measure the length and width of the foramen magnum.A formula was used to calculate the area and index of the foramen magnum.We measured the length,width and height of the occipital condyle,the angle between the long axis and the sagittal axis of the occipital condyle(O-S angle),the included angle between the midpoint of the front and back edges of the foramen magnum and the connection between the back edge of occipital condyle and the intersection point of the foramen magnum(F-O angle),and the included angle between the midpoint of the front and back edges of the foramen magnum and the midpoint of the back wall of the sublingual neural tube(F-H angle).Gender,side and age differences were analyzed among the indicators. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In foramen magnum measurement,there was no significant difference between sexes in the index of the foramen magnum(P>0.05),but there were significant differences in length,width and area of the foramen magnum(P<0.05).(2)The O-S angle,F-O angle and F-H angle of the occipitral condyle were not significantly different between genders(P>0.05),but length,width and height of the occipital condyle were significantly different between genders(P<0.05).(3)There were no significant differences in the length of the occipital condyle among different groups(P>0.05),but there were significant differences in the width and height of the occipital condyle,O-S angle,F-O angle and F-H angle among different groups(P<0.05).(4)Length,width and area of the foramen magnum,length,width and height of the occipital condyle showed a wavy increasing trend with the increase of age,while O-S,F-O and F-H angles showed a wavy decreasing trend with the increase of age,while the index of the foramen magnum showed no significant change.(5)In conclusion,there are gender and lateral differences in the morphological indexes of the foramen magnum and the occipital condyle in children.These differences can provide an important reference for clinical surgical approach selection and forensic examination.

Objective To investigate the effect of auditory brainstem response(ABR)in clinical detection and severity assessment of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in children with normal hearing.Methods ① A total of 55 autistic children(110 ears)with normal hearing and 55 children(110 ears)with typical development(TD)who did not differ in sex composition ratio and average monthly age were divided into four sub-groups according to age:≤24 months group(22 ears),25～36 months group(40 ears),37～48 months group(28 ears)and＞48 months group(20 ears).The ABR latencies and interpeak latencies were compared between ASD children and age-matched TD children.② ASD children were graded by severity according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Dis-orders(DSM-V),and the correlations between the ABR latencies and interpeak latencies in autistic children with normal hearing and the severity grading were studied.Results ① No statistically significant differences in ABR wave latencies and interpeak latencies were found in autistic children with normal hearing under 24 months of age compared to age-matched TD children(P＞0.05).② Compared with children with TD,autistic children with nor-mal hearing at 25～36 months of age had significantly longer wave Ⅲ latencies and the interpeak latencies of Ⅰ-Ⅲ andⅠ-Ⅴ;the significantly longer wave Ⅲ,Ⅴ latencies,the interpeak latencies of Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ in autistic chil-dren with normal hearing at 37～48 months of age.Autistic children with normal hearing in the＞48 months group had significantly longer wave Ⅴ latencies and interpeak latencies of Ⅲ-Ⅴ,Ⅰ-Ⅴ than age-matched TD children(P＜0.05).③ The higher the ASD severity grading the longer the wave Ⅲ and V latencies and the longer interpeak latencies of Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ,and Ⅰ-Ⅴ(P＜0.05).Conclusion Differences in the level of auditory brainstem pathway de-velopment emerged at 25 months of age,and autistic children with normal hearing had significantly lower levels of auditory brainstem development than age-matched TD children.There were correlations between the latencies and interpeak latencies of ABR in autistic children with normal hearing and the severity grading.

Background: Computer-aided diagnosis based on deep learning technology is a research hotspot in the field of gastroenterology, and computer-aided diagnosis of colorectal polyps has received more and more attention. Aims: To validate a model based on deep learning for the automatic identification of colorectal polyps, and to analyze its auxiliary learning function for helping novice endoscopists. Methods: A total of 1 200 colonoscopy images (600 colorectal polyp images and 600 normal images) in the endoscopy center database of Qingdao Municipal Hospital (East) from January 2019 to January 2020 were retrospectively collected. Deep learning model was used to identify the 1 200 images. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and diagnosis time of deep learning model and 5 novice endoscopists for diagnosis of colorectal polyps were compared. Results: The deep learning model showed a sensitivity of 93.2%, specificity of 98.7%, accuracy of 95.9% for detecting colorectal polyps, and the diagnosis time of each image was (0.20±0.03) second. The sensitivity, accuracy, and diagnosis time of the model were superior to 5 novice endoscopists, and the specificity was superior to some novice endoscopists. The accuracies of model for polyps with size ≤5 mm and 6~9 mm were 88.1% and 96.8%, respectively, and were superior to 5 novice endoscopists; the accuracy of model for polyps with size ≥10 mm was 100%, and was similar to 5 novice endoscopists. The accuracy of model for polyps with protrude type was 94.8%, and was superior to some novice endoscopists; the accuracy of model for polyps with flat type was 91.7%, and was superior to 5 novice endoscopists. Missing the polyps with flat type (38.8%), polyps at mucosal folds (32.7%), and mistaking the mucosal folds as polyps (12.2%) were the main causes of false negative or false positive results of the model. Conclusions: The deep learning model has a high accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and shorter diagnosis time for diagnosis of colorectal polyps, and can be used to assist novice endoscopists in diagnosing small polyps and flat polyps.