Objective To investigate the quantitative relationship between the changes of the parameters of Three-Electrode System and the Current following through WE (Farad current and Nonfarad current ). Methods We built a model based on the driving voltage-current system,which could describe the parameters of system and present the influence of current by changing parameters. Results The results of studying two simulational models accord with experiments of electrical chemistry. Conclusion This study provides an estimated value and influence of the electrochemistry noises,which is significant for data accuracy and anti-jamming of electrochemistry products.

Objective To investigate the clinical, hemorheology, transcranial Doppler (TCD) and auditory brainstem evoked response (ABR) features in senile sudden deafness.Methods The clinical manifestations, hemorheology, TCD, and ABR data in 82 patients with senile sudden deafness were analyzed retrospectively.Results (1) The primary symptoms mainly included tinnitus (65.9%) and vertigo (56.1%), which mostly occurred at daytime (53.7%).(2) Most of the patients had risk factors of arteriosclerosis such as hypertension (75.6%), diabetes (59.8%) and so on. These patients had more serious deafness.(3) There was no obvious relationship between high blood viscosity (61% of the patients) and the degree of deafness. (4) 85.4% of senile sudden deafness patients indicated vertebral-basilar artery insufficiency in TCD. There was a positive correlation between blood supply and degree of deafness. (5) The abnormal rate of ABR was 100%. WaveⅠdisappeared in most patients, which showed serious damage of auditory nerve. Disappearing of waveⅠ, Ⅲ, Ⅴ and Ⅰ～Ⅲ, Ⅲ～Ⅴ, Ⅰ～Ⅴ delitescence period delaying might be complicated with the damage of the structure of the brainstem and cochlea.Conclusions The morbidity and degree of senile sudden deafness are associated with insufficiency of blood supply of internal ears. TCD and ABR are sensitive and reliable methods in diagnosis, progression and prognosis of senile sudden deafness.

The paper carries out statistical analysis on medical source journals of CJCR ( Chinese S&T Journal Citation Reports), in order to evaluate the changing trends of academic influence of medical journals form the view of impact factor. The results show that the overall influence of medical core journals assume trend of escalation during the Tenth Five-year, but the growth rate is relatively slowed down. There arc extremely differences in influence levels of medical journals between in China and international, but the overall superiority of medical journals as well as the increasing impact could be continued.

Objective:To optimize the extraction conditions of gallic acid inWudang pineneedle tea and establish the assay meth-od. Methods:The content of gallic acid was determined by RP-HPLC-DAD. Orthogonal test was used to optimize the extraction condi-tions of gallic acid in Wudang pineneedle tea on the base of single factor tests. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows:adding 50-fold amount of water, and ultrasonic extracting for 60 min under 200W ultrasound power. Results:The linear range of gallic acid was 5. 10-51. 00 mg ·L-1(r=0. 9993), and the average recovery was 98. 7% (RSD=1. 93%, n=6). The average content of gallic acid in the samples was 0. 35 mg·g-1 . Conclusion: The optimal extraction conditions are simple and feasible, and the assay method is stable and reliable, which can be used for the extraction and content determination of gallic acid in Wudang pineneedle tea.

Olfactory organ is an important sensory system and therefore it can serve as the research object of the neural information processing and biologic evolution due to its simplicity and ancient characteristics of the system. Besides, the olfactory biosensors based on olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) have prosperous applications in environmental monitoring and food testing. This review introduces configuration and signal transduction of ORNs. Then it examines neuronal coding strategies and how the characteristic of responses to mechanical stimuli applied to olfactory processing. Finally, it illustrates the recent research of olfactory biosensors based on ORNs/olfactory receptors and puts forward the direction of future research.
Biosensing Techniques ; Humans ; Olfactory Perception ; physiology ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Smell ; physiology

Objective To assess the feasibility and outcomes of fractionated stereotactice radiation therapy(FSRT) for brain metastases more than 3 cm in diameter. Methods From September 1996 to July 2006,47 patients(34 male and 13 female)with brain metastases larger than 3 cm were treated with FSRT. The median age was 58(range,31-87) years old. Pathologic diagnosis was adenocarcinoma in 19 patients, squamacarcinoma in 7, small cell carcinoma in 7, adeno-squamacarcinoma in 3, melanoma in 2, poor differen-tiated carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma each in 1, and unknown in 6. FSRT was delivered as initial treatment for 26 patients, and as salvage therapy for 21. The largest diameter of brain me-tastases was 3.1-6.0 cm(median, 3.8 cm). Planning target volume were 2.5-33.8 cm3(median, 9.4 cm3). The median dose of FSRT was 30(range,16-57)Gy in 5(range,2 - 11) fractions. The treatment for primary tumor was surgery in 23 patients, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy in 22, and none in 2. Results The last follow up was in April 2008. All patients were followed up and 33 had follow up more than 5 years. The 1-,2- and 5-year local control rate was 49%, 44% and 44%, respectively. The median survival time was 11 months(range,0.5-88.0 months, 95% CI=8.1-13.8 months). The corresponding overall survival rate was 40%, 17% and 6%, respectively. There were 46 patients died by the last follow up,including 21 died from brain metastases, 17 died from extracranial progression, and 8 died from other causes. Conclusion FSRT is safe and beneficial for selected patients with brain metastases larger than 3 cm.

ObjectiveTo summarize the results of stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) with or without whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in the treatment of multiple brain metastasis.MethodsFrom May 1995 to April 2010,totally 98 newly diagnosed multiple (2 - 13 lesions) brain metastases patients were treated in our centre.Forty-four patients were treated with SRT alone and 54 with SRT + WBRT.Dose fractionation schemes were 15 -26 Gy in 1 fraction or 24.0 -52.5 Gy in 2 - 15 fractions with 3.5 - 12.0 Gy per fraction,depending on the tumor volume,location,and history of prior irradiation.Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used for survival analysis.The median age of the whole group was 55 years.The survival time was calculated from the date of radiation treatment to the day of death by any cause.ResultsThe median follow-up time for the whole group was 12 months,and the follow-up rate was 100％.The median overall survival time was 13.5 months for the whole group,there was no difference between SRT alone group and SRT + WBRT group ( 13.0 months vs.13.5 months,χ2 =0.31,P =0.578 ).The Karnofsky Performance Score ( KPS) at the time of treatment ( χ2 =6.25,P =0.012 ),the interval between the diagnosis of the primary tumor and brain metastases ( χ2 =7.34,P =0.025 ) and the status of extracranial metastases ( χ2 =4.20,P =0.040) were independent prognosis factors for survival in multivariate analyses.ConclusionsStereotactic radiation therapy is an effective and alternative treatment choice for multiple brain metastases.

Objective To explore the prognostic factors of brain metastases from primary breast cancer treated with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT).Methods Retrospectively analyze 37 brain metastatic patients from primary breast cancer.Among these patients nineteen were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy alone,eight patients were treated with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) plus SRT,the other ten patients were intracranial recurrence after WBRT and treated with SRT for salvage.Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to calculate survival time.Logrank and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed for univariate and multivariate analyses.Results The median follow-up time were 11 months and 15 months for the whole group and the alive.The median overall survival time was 11 months (95％ CI =6-16.month) for the whole group.The median overall survival time was 13.5 months for the whole group.In univariate analysis,the triple negative breast cancer (x2 =5.95,P =0.004),lower Karnofsky performance score (KPS,x2 =13.85,P =0.000),the interval between the diagnosis of the primary tumor and brain metastases ≤ 30 months (x2 =6.62,P =0.010),high RPA grade (x2 =15.35,P =0.000) and intracranial recurrence after whole brain radiotherapy (x2 =4.43,P =0.035) were negative prognostic factors for brain metastasis of breast cancer treated with stereotactic radiotherapy.In multivariate analyses,the triple negative breast cancer (x2 =9.58,P =0.008),lower KPS (x2 =6.65,P =0.010),and intracranial recurrence after whole brain radiotherapy (x2 =3.95,P =0.047) were negative prognostic factor.Conclusion The triple negative breast cancer,lower KPS,and intracranial recurrence after WBRT were negative prognostic factor for brain metastasis from primary breast cancer treated with SRT.

Objective To indentify the gene expression on different fractionated radiation regimens with the same total radiation dose in xenografts with human lung adenocareinoma. Methods Forty-eight BALB/c-nu mice, implanted with human lung adenocarcinoma (Anip973), were randomized into 4 groups: normal control greup,60 Gy in 30 fractions conventional radiation group (2 Gy group) ,60 Gy in 10 fractions hypofractionated radiation group (6 Gy group) ,60 Gy in 6 fractions hypofractionaed radiation group (10 Gy group). Gene alterations were investigated with the microchip analytical procedures covering the entire genome. Genes with significantly different expression were further validated by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Compared to the 2 Gy group, the expression of the genes related with the cell growth inhibition and apoptesis was increased, while the genes related with the cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis and DNA damage repair were decreased in the 6 Gy and 10 Gy groups. Confirmed by RT-PCR, c-myc gene was distinctly suppressed in the 6 Gy group (2. 9%) comparing with 2 Gy (5.6%) group and 10 Gy (4.8%) group (P=0. 000,P=0. 002) , and was slightly suppressed in the 10 Gy group comparing with 2 Gy group (P = 0. 069). Conclusions In the BALB/c-nu mice implanted with human lung adenocarcinoma, the hypofractionated radiation regimens clearly inhibit the tumor growth more than conventional fractionation group, though with the same total dose. The 6 Gy group seem to be more effective than 10 Gy group in the inhibition of tumor growth.

Objective To explore the effect of ParidissaponinⅠ (PSⅠ) on the proliferation of coronary artery endothelial cells (CAECs).Methods CAECs were cultured with PSⅠ.CAEC growth rate was calculated by using blood cell counting plate.Cell viability was measured by MTT.The expressions of cadherin and caspase3 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR.Results PSⅠ slowed down growth rate of CAECs,reduced cell viability of CAECs,decreased the expression of cadherin mRNA and increased the expression of caspase3 mRNA in CAECs.Conclusion PSⅠ inhibits the proliferation of CAECs and induces CAECs apoptosis.