Recent studies had demonstrated that Renin -angiotensin system ( RAS) plays an important role not only in the cardiovascular system ,but also in the occurrence and development of breast cancer .Associated with RAS receptor ,Angiotensin Ⅱ( Ang Ⅱ) and Angiotensin 1-7 ( Ang1-7 ) which are the major molecules of the RAS,respectively,promote or inhibit the occurrence and development of tumor .In this review,we summarize the current knowledge of the RAS in breast cancer ,and discuss the potential application of RAS related receptors targeted drugs in the clinical treatment of breast cancer .

Liver is the common metastatic site of breast cancer .The process of liver metastasis consists of multiple steps and involves various factors from breast cancer cells and the liver micro -environment .In this re-view,we reviewed the molecular(including the connection of proteins ,protein kinases,miRNAs),signal transduc-tion pathways(including CXCL12-CXCR4 axis,Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway,AF1q/TCF7/CD44 regu-latory axis,laminin receptor/Akt/ERK signaling pathway,leptin/ERK/IL-8 signaling pathway)and the influen-cing factors(including hypoxia inducible factors,tumor-associated fibroblasts,adipose tissue matrix stem cells, metalloproteinases,selective ligands,inflammatory cell infiltration)associated with the liver micro -environment in breast cancer .

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic role of the color Doppler flow image(CDFI) in malfunction of lower extremity perforator vein. Methods Using color Doppler flow image method,60 lower extremities were ex-amined,and compared with the results of the lower extremity vein angiography,then assessed the accuracy of CDFI method. Results 212 lower extremity perforator veins of malfunction were found,and compared with results of the lower extremity vein angiography, the sensitivity of CDFI method is 91.1%, the specificity of CDFI method is 85.8 % ,the accuracy of CDFI method is 91.9 %. Conclusion CDFI is useful for the diagnosis of malfunction of lower extremity perforator vein and can offer reliable bases to clinical operation.

An analytical method of reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was developed for simultaneous determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and nine phenolic compounds (including (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid) in 20 min.Ten components were detected and separated successfully by Diamonsil C_(18) column (150 mm x4.6 mm, 5 μm) at wavelength of 280 nm and column temperature of 42 ℃, with acetonitrile and 3% acetic acid solution as the mobile phase in gradient elution.The resultant correlation coefficients of the ten compounds were between 0.9911 and 0.9995 with detection limit from 0.2 to 0.5 mg/L, the RSD less than 2.4% and the average recoveries from 89.4% to 98.3%.These experimental results demonstrate that 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and the nine phenolic compounds in different rice wine samples can be determined with the new method for practical uses.

Tamoxifen(TAM)is an important therapeutic strategy for the treatment of estrogen receptor(ER)-positive breast cancer.However,tamoxifen resistance is a major cause of endocrine therapy failure.The potential mechanism of TAM resistance is multifactorial and most of them are still unknown.This review presents recent advances in the mechanism of TAM resistance in breast cancer,providing valuable information and ideas for elucidating the mechanism of tamoxifen resistance and overcoming drug resistance.

Objective To detect the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2 ) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and to investigate their clinical significance.Methods Resected tissue of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (observation group)and adjacent normal laryngeal mucosa ( control group) from 54 patients were collectod.Accooding to histological differentiation degreo,cervical lymph node metastasis,clinical TNM staging,EGFR and COX-2 were compared.Results The expression rate of EGFR in observation group [63.0％ (34/54)] was higher than that in control group [42.6％ (23/54)] (P ＜ 0.05 ).And COX-2 in observation group [68.5％(37/54)] was higher than that in control group [35.2％ (19/54)] (P ＜0.01).The expression of EGFR and COX-2 in observation group (0.584 ±0.136,0.561 ±0.134) were significantly higher than those in control group (0.161 ±0.045,0.114 ±0.027),respectively (P ＜0.01).The expression of EGFR and COX-2 had significant difference among histological differentiation degree,with or without cervical lymph node metastasis,different clinical TNM staging (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ).Correlation analysis showed that the expression of EGFR and COX-2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma had positive correlation (r =0.602,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The expression of EGFR and COX-2 have some contribution to the incidence and development of laryngeal squamots cell carcinoma.They can be used for the different diagnosis of benign and malignant carcinoma,clinical staging and prognosis estimating.They have significant clinical values.

[Objective]To report the clinical results of free medical leg flap containing posterior tibial vessels (FMLFPTV) in repairing of serious limb trauma caused by high-energy in children and discuss the flap's unique superiorities.[Method]From Jan.1999 to Mar.2006,FMLFPTV were obtained under tourniquet and applied in ten children suffered from serious limb and extremity injuries complicated by soft tissue defects,meanwhile,vessels and nerves were repaired with the flaps' corresponding tissues,moreover,broken bones and tendons were reconstructed.[Result]Average blood loss was 183ml and mean operative time was 208 min.All flaps were transplanted successfully with excellent results including satisfactory limb appearance.Follow-up ranged 14 to 67 months (averaged 35 months).Sensation has recovered to more than S3 in all cases.In those who were treated with this innervated flap to repair defects of weight-bearing area of sole,no sore or ulcer occurred and normal gait recovered.Bone union took 4～9 months(averaged 6.7 months).Through investigation forms filled by parents and clinical examination,no blood supply problem or morbidity was discovered in donor limbs.[Conclusion]FMLFPTV is easy to dissect under tourniquets with relative short operative time and less blood lost which especially benefits children.The flap is thin and has almost necessary related tissues for all reconstructive needs,for example,to bridge vessel and nerve defects,and offer excellent results.It is an easy and reliable method.

[Objective]To report the clinical results of immediate reconstruction of open grade Ⅲ long bone fractures caused by high-energy.[Method]From Jan.2001 to Jul.2006,vascular flaps were applied in 29 patients suffering from massive limb trauma,complicated by Gustilo grade-Ⅲ open fractures(11 were type B,and 18 type C) and massive soft tissue defects,caused by high-energy,through an emergency procedure.Meanwhile,vessels and nerves were repaired,broken bones and tendons were reconstructed.The mean MESS(Mangled extremity severity score) score was 6.27(6.27?2.43).[Result]All limbs were salvaged and all the flaps survived without protracted course to obtain soft tissue coverage.The mean hospital stay was 23 days(12-67 days) and the follow-up ranged 14 to 58 months(mean 26 months).No severe complication occurred,including wound infection,bone nonunion,necrosis and morbidity.The ultimate functional results of the salvaged limbs were at least better than artificial limbs.[Conclusion]The immediate reconstruction of severely injured limbs complicated by Gustilo type Ⅲ fractures caused by high energy has the advantages over traditional methods.This technique enables controlling bone,soft tissue and other problems together through an emergency procedure with a relatively shortened in-hospital stay and less fibrosis,thereby favoring the functional outcome.Early wound healing favors antibiotic diffusion and local blood supply.It may be an alternative for fast fixation and better bone healing.

The position of academic library in cultivation of healthy undergraduate personality was defined accord-ing to the frequent violent events and problems in cultivation of healthy undergraduate personality , the role of hu-manistic education in cultivation of healthy undergraduate personality was pointed out, and certain measures were put forward for the cultivation of healthy undergraduate personality , including creation of humanistic environment , development of literature resources, establishment of humanistic lecture room, enforcement of reading guidance, and implementation of emotional education .

Objective To investigate the effects of DRD1 rs265981,rs4532,rs686 and rs265976 polymorphisms on response to clozapine in resistant schizophrenic patients.Methods DRD1 genotype was determined by SNaPshot SNP technique for 154 patients with resistant schizophrenia.Clinical symptoms were evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS),and the responder was defined as a reduction of 50％ on PANSS score from baseline after the patients were administered orally clozapine for 8 weeks.Results The frequencies of rs265981 genotypes,alleles and rs265976 genotypes had significant differences between clozapine responder group (88 cases) and nonresponder group(66 cases) in total clinical efficacy ( x2 =10.215,P =0.004 ; x2 =4.082,P =0.041 ; x2 =14.083,P =0.007 ).The frequencies of rs265976 genotypes had significant differences between clozapine response (58 cases) and nonresponse (96 cases) to negative symptom ( x2 =9.805,P =0.046).Conclusion The polymorphisms of DRD1 gene rs265981 and rs265976 may relate with clinical response to clozapine in resistant schizophrenias.rs265981 T/T,allele T and rs265976 genotype A/A are likely to be predictive factors to the improvement of total clozapine therapeutic effects.rs265976 genotype A/A are likely to be predictive factors of negative symptom with treatment of clozapine.