Objective:To clarify whether the signal peptide of human nerve growth factor can mediate secretory expression of beta-endorphin and whether there is difference between the efficiency of signal peptides from human and mouse nerve growth factor.Methods: Two kinds of eukaryotic vectors containing human or mouse signal sequence-mediated secretory expression of beta-endorphin were constructed.The culture supernatant and cells were collected 48 h after NIH3T3 cells were transfected by the two kinds of vectors,and the cover slips with single-layer cells was prepared.The concentration of beta-endorphin in the culture was determined by radio-immunoassay.The total RNA was extracted from cells and mRNA from fusion genes was assayed by RT-PCR.Cells on cover slips were subjected to immunofluorescence staining.Results: RT-PCR showed that the fusion genes were expressed in NIH3T3 cells;the expression of beta-endorphin was mainly in the cytoplasm of NIH3T3 cells.The concentrations of beta-endorphin in the supernatants 48 h after transfection with pcDNA3.1-hEP and pcDNA3.1-mEP were(280.33?24.16) pg/ml and(191.04?7.96) pg/ml(P

Objective To establish a rat model of bone cancer pain by intra-tibia inoculation of Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cells. Methods Sixty female Wistar rots weighing 180-200 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (a=15each):groupⅠ normal control; group Ⅱsham operation; group Ⅲtumor cell inoculation + normal saline (NS) and group Ⅳtumor cell inoculation + flurbiprofen. NS 0.2 nd and flurbiprofen 10 mg/kg in 0.2 ml were injected IV at 2 h before determination of pain threshold on 14 and 17 d after inoculation oftumor cells in groupⅢand Ⅳ respectively. On day 0, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17 and 21 after inoculation pain threshold was measured after determination of body weight. X-ray examination of the tibia was performed on day 14 after inoculation. The animals were killed on day 21 after inoculation for microscopic examination of the inoculated tibia. Results The animals started losing weight and the threshold to yon Frey hair stimulation was decreased from dhy 10 after inoculation in group Ⅲand Ⅳ. X-ray examination showed destruction of bone and microscopic examination showed tumor growing in tibia. Flurbiprofen significantly decreased mechanical hyperalgesia in group Ⅳ. There was no significant difference in paw withdrawal latoney to radiant heat among the 4 groups. Conclusion A model of bone cancer pain can be made by inoculation of Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cells into tibia characterized by mechanical hyperalgesia.

The information era has witnessed an unprecedented high speed of knowledge dissemi-nation. Mobile learning based on smartphone is ubiquitous and commonly used. It has potential to revolu-tionize anesthesia education and medical practice. This article focuses on the domestic smartphone applica-tions (APP) related to anesthesiology and has a detailed review including academic forums, anesthesia knowledge, common medical knowledge, anatomy, literature management, medical English and medicine application. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of APP and mobile learning in continuing medi-cal education are well discussed. We try to provide a reference for those who need to choose and use APP for their anesthesia continuing education.

Objective:To explore the application effect of learner-centered, simulation-based training in the clinical operation teaching of anesthesiology.Method:s A total of 20 junior students in anesthesiology from a university from 2016 to 2017 were included. In this study, the training of three simulation operations, namely endotracheal intubation, central venous puncture, and arterial catheterization was set up. The self-confidence, operational knowledge, and operational skills before and after the training were assessed through Likert-type questionnaires, multiple-choice tests, and procedural checklists, respectively. Data analyses were performed with the SPSS 16.0. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied to compare the self-confidence scores before and after training and the paired t-test was adopted to compare the knowledge and operation scores before and after training.Result:s The students' self-confidence, knowledge and operation scores of the three operations were significantly improved after training ( P<0.05), with the highest increase in the central venous puncture operation score [(7.55±2.40) vs. (15.55±1.84), P<0.01]. The teaching satisfaction survey showed that 95% of the students felt that the training course was conducive to the operation skills learning and were satisfied with the course of this training. Conclusion:The learner-centered, simulation-based training can help the clinical students master the operating skill points quickly and skillfully, and promote the individualized and standardized implementation of the clinical operation skills, thereby improving the clinical teaching effect.

After more than 30 years of exploration and development, undergraduate anesthesiology teaching in China has formed a relatively large teaching scale in the whole country. However, the teaching mode and cultivation mechanism are not yet fully mature, which still has room for improving relevant curriculum structures. This study has investigated the current situation of undergraduate anesthesiology teaching in 38 medical colleges, summarized characteristics of teaching programs and curriculum design, and proposed relevant improvement suggestions.

Remazolam is a new ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine that produces sedation by acting on γ-aminobutyric acid type A(GABAA)receptors.Remazolam has characteristics of rapid onset of action,short half-life,high clearance,and no accumulation in the body.It also has a low incidence of injection pain and mild effects on hepatic and renal function,respiration,and haemodynamics.Additionally,it can be rapidly reversed by flumazenil.The clinical research progress on remazolam in the areas of procedural sedation,induction,and maintenance of general anesthesia were reviewed to provide references for its clinical application.