Objective To investigate the pathogenesis role of aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 9 in idiopathic polyhydramnios by detecting their expression and distribution in fetal membranes and placenta.Methods Twenty-one of term pregnancy women with idiopathic polyhydramnios were enrolled as patient group matched with 30 women with normal term pregnancy as control group.The expression and localization of aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 9 in fetal membranes and placenta were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and streptavidin peroxidase immunohistochemiscal staining.Results (1)The mRNA expressions of aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 9 were detected in amnion,chorion and placental tissue in both patient group and control group.Both aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 9 were demonstrated positive staining in the amnion epithelia,chorion cytotrophoblasts and placental trophoblast.(2)The ratio of aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 9 mRNA expressions in amnion in patient group comparing to those in control group were 5.00 and 3.25,while in chorion they were 2.03 and 2.08.When compared with those in amnion and chorion of control group,there was a significant difference(P<0.01).However,the relative change fold of aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 9 in placental trophoblast in patient group were decreased in comparison of those in control group,which also showed statistical difference(P<0.01).(3)The expression of aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 9 protein in anmion were 7.5 ±2. 0 and 11.1 ± 1.8 in patient group, while they were 5.3 ± 1. 6 and 5.6 ± 2. 3 in control group. In chorion, the expression of aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 9 protein was 7.5±2. 0 and 10. 0 ±1.6 in patient group, respectively, while in control group, they were 5.4 ±2.2 and 5.6±2. 1. When compared with those proteins in control group, it exhibited statistical difference (P<0.05). However, in placental trophoblast of patient greup,the expression of aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 9 protein were 3.5±1.4and 4. 0±2. 5, respectively, which were significantly decreased than 5.6±1. 3 and 7. 1±2. 9 in control group(P< 0. 05). Conclusions The alterations of aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 9 expressions in fetal membrane and placenta might be an adaptive response to idiopathic polyhydramnios. Further investigation should be needed to clarify the regulatory mechanism of aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 9 expressions.

Crude glycosaminoglycan(CPG) from the whole viscera of Pinctada martensii was isolated with the two-enzyme hydrolysis and purified by the chromatograph.And the antitumor activity was studied with MTT colormetric assay. The CPG could be separated into two fractions(GAG-1, GAG-2) by the DEAE-52-cellulose ion exchange chromatograph. The contents of hexosamine of CPG,GAG-1, GAG-2 were 54.6%,50.0%,35.4%,respectively. The sulfate of GAG-2 was 13.8%. The inhibiting rates of CPG, GAG-1 and GAG-2 to HL-60 cells were 54.6%, 50.0% and 35.4%,respectively. The inhibition to HL-60 of 5-Fu could be increased by combined use with CPG, GAG-1 and GAG-2, GAG-1 was the main active fraction.

Objective: To identify Xanthii Fructus and secure its quality and safety in medication. Methods: Total ge-nomic DNA was extracted from Xanthii Fructus and its adulterants. ITS2 sequences were amplified, and purified PCR products were sequenced. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed using the CodonCode Aligner V 4.2. The Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) distances were calculated using MEGA 5.0. The neigh-bor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic trees were constructed. Results: The intraspecific genetic distances of Xanthii Fructus were 0. The interspecific genetic distances between Xanthii Fructus and its adulterants were ranged from 0.009 to 0.542. The NJ tree showed that Xanthii Fructus could differ from its adulterants obviously. Conclusion: ITS2 can be used to identify Xanthii Fructus from its adulterants effectively, and our study further confirmed the effectiveness of ITS2 to identify traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 ; Gene Editing ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics*