BACKGROUND:Cortical electrical stimulation has achieved good effects in treatment of stroke through animal and clinical experiments.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of a ful y implanted cortical electrical stimulation device with long time, low intensity and various frequencies stimulation protocols on the neurological function recovery in a rat model of local cerebral infarction.
METHODS:The cerebral infarction model was established through middle cerebral artery occlusion in 60 Sprague-Dawley adult male rats. Forty rats with 1-3 points by Bederson scale were detected with magnetic resonance imaging, which was used to confirm cortex infarction and to identify a location for implantation of stimulating electrode over the peri-infarct cortex. Twenty-three rats with cortex infarction were randomly divided into cortical electrical stimulation group (CES group, n=13) and no stimulation group (NS group;n=10). The device was implanted on 6 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion, and the stimulation was given for 16 days. The stimulation program consists of two sessions lasting half an hour each in the morning and in the afternoon respectively. Stimulator delivered biphasic charge balanced pulses (pulse width=200μs) with various frequencies of 50 Hz, 20 Hz and 5 Hz within 10 second blocks and then repeated. The rats of NS group were implanted with the device, but received no electrical stimulation. The behavioral tests, includingforelimb use asymmetry test and foot fault test were performed at 2 and 16 days after implantation. Final y, al of the devices were taken out to test if they were normal y working and al of the rats were sacrificed for hematoxylin-eosin staining, which can reflect the structure of peri-infarct cortex and cellmorphology.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was only one stimulator in CES group cannot normal y work, and the remaining 22 ones worked wel . The skin covered the implanted stimulator was slightly ulcerated in one rat, and the incisions of the other rats were healed wel . Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed clear and intact structure in peri-infarction cortex (i.e., electrodes were implanted at the cortex), neurons arranged in neat rows, with abundant neuronal cytoplasm and clear nucleolus. The glial cells have complete structures, and there was no edema in the intercellular spaces. Foot-fault and forelimb use asymmetry tests showed the improved neurological function in rats of CES group than that of NS group. We designed a ful-implanted cortical electrical stimulator used in cerebral ischemic rats, and established an implanted method with long time, low intensity and various frequencies pulsed electrical stimulation. The results indicated the stimulation pattern in our study is safe and effective, and it can significantly promote functional recovery in local cerebral infarction rats.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanisms of protective effects of thioredoxin (Trx) on human vascular endothelial cells in atherosclerosis.Methods The cell models of Trx-overexpressing cells (Ad Trx) and the control cells (Ad-con) were established by adenovirus vector gene transfer technology in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).The oxidized low density lipoprotein,a risk factor of atherosclerosis,was used as a stimulator.Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence were used to detect the protein expression levels and the cellular localization of Trx,adhesion molecules (ICAM-1,VCAM-1) and the upstream signal pathways.Trx activity was detected by insulin disulfide reduction assay,and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)production was detected by fluorescent probe DCFH-DA.Results As compared with control group,Trx protein expression level was enhanced in Ad-trx group and the Trx activity in Ad-Trx group was upregulated by (26.2 ±3.3)％.The result of ROS detection showed that overexpression of Trx significantly inhibited the cellular ROS generation.As compared with control group,overexpression of Trx obviously inhibited the adhesion molecules expression but markedly promoted the phosphorylation of Smad3 in endothelial cells with or without oxLDL stimulation (P＜0.05).Pretreatment of cells with SIS3,a specific inhibitor of Smad3 phosphorylation,reversed Trx-induced inhibition of adhesion molecules expression.Further studies showed that pretreatment of cells with SIS3 enhanced oxLDL-induced AP-1 subunit c-fos nuclear expression.Conclusions The enhancement of Smad3 phosphorylation and c-Fos nuclear expression are mainly responsible for the Trx-induced downregulation of adhesion molecules.

iRGD-modified sterically stabilized liposomes loaded doxorubicin (iRGD-SSL-DOX) were prepared and their cellular toxicity and anti-tumor efficacy were evaluated, comparing to doxorubixin loaded sterically stabilized liposomes (SSL-DOX) and RGD modified doxorubixin loaded sterically stabilized liposomes (RGD-SSL-DOX). The iRGD peptide, with both tumor targeting and cell penetrating functions, was conjugated to DSPE-PEG-NHS and DSPE-PEG-iRGD was obtained. DSPE-PEG-RGD was gained in the same way. iRGD-SSL-DOX, RGD-SSL-DOX and SSL-DOX were prepared by ammonium sulfate gradient method. The size and zeta potential of the liposomes were characterized by dynamic laser light scattering. The cellular toxicity study was done on B16 melanoma cell line and the anti-tumor efficacy study was carried on B16 cell line bearing C57BL/6 mice. The results showed that the particle sizes of liposomes were all around 90-100 nm. DOX entrapment efficiency was above 95%. The formulations were with good preparation reproducibility. iRGD-SSL-DOX showed no significant difference in B16 cellular toxicity with SSL-DOX and RGD-SSL-DOX, but the anti-tumor efficacy on B16 melanoma bearing C57BL/6 mice was significantly better than that of SSL-DOX, similar as that of RGD-SSL-DOX. Therefore, iRGD modified liposomes loaded DOX would be a promising drug delivery system for tumor therapy.

This study was aimed to analyze documents of wrist-ankle needle method in clinical application by metrology from 2002 to 2011 . The analysis showed that the wrist-ankle needle method was widely used in more than 50 kinds of diseases of locomotor system disease , nervous system disease , surgical disease , urogeni-tal system disease, integumentary system, and etc. There is still a high clinical value for further research.

This study was aimed to review of the selection and use of the therapeutic effect assessment indexes of randomized controlled trials ( RCTs ) on traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) syndrome differentiation and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) based on clinical efficacy . Published studies were searched in the CBM , CNKI , VIP , Wanfang database , Cochrane Library , PubMed and Embase to identity all RCTS on TCM treatment of COPD . Two researchers selected studies and extracted data independently using a designed extraction form . The Cochrane collaboration software RevMan 5 . 1 was used for meta-analysis . The re-sults showed that a total of 40 RCTs were included . Meta-analyses showed that TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of COPD can improve the pulmonary function and life quality , improve the clinical effect and TCM syndrome effect , reduce the number of acute exacerbation of COPD and improve clinical symptoms . Some therapeutic effect assessment indexes , such as pulmonary function , life quality , clinical comprehensive effect , the number of acute exacerbation of COPD, clinical symptoms and signs, syndrome effect and the integral of syndrome were used more frequent . Other indexes such as 6-min walk distance , BODE Index and health eco-nomic evaluation were used less frequently . It was concluded that TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of COPD had certain therapeutic efficacy. A large number of strictly-designed, multicenter, high-quality RCTs are required because of the low quality of the included studies. The selection of therapeutic effect assessment indexes is still not standardized . The therapeutic effect assessment indexes should be selected based on differ-ent purposes of clinical studies with the clinical characteristics of TCM .

Objecfive To investigate the change of V-ATPase B subunits on epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)in rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK52E) stimulated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Methods NRK52E cells were stimulated by TGF-β1 (10 μg/L)for O h(control),12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h after sefrum-free culture for 24 h.The mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin,α-SMA,B2 and B1 subunits of V-ATPase were detected by real-time PCR,Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results After stimulated by TGF-β1 (10 μg/L)for 48 h,the expression of α-SMA was markedly increased(P<0.05),but the expression of E-cadherin was dramatically decreased(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the expressions of V-ATPase subunit B2 was significantly increased (P<0.05).However,the B1 subunit distributed rarely in NRK 52E cells,and did not increase after TGF-β1 stimulation.Double-label immunofluoerscence staining also showed that the V-ATPase B2 subunit was increased in the cytosol.tending to accumulate to the cell membrane after TGF-β1 stimulation. Conclusions The main isoform of V-ATPase distributed in NRK52E cells is B2 subunit.B2 subunit is increased alone with TGF-β1-induced EMT.It may suggest that V-ATPase B2 subunit may play a potential role in TGF-β1-induced tubular EMT and renal fibrosis.

Chemotherapy as a routine method for clinical treatment of cancer has disadvantages such as significant toxicity and strong resistance. In order to improve the efficacy of the drugs and reduce the by-effects, we tried to combine static magnetic field (SMF) with cisplatin or adriamycin. The growth of Hepa1-6 cells treated with the static magnetic field (SMF) combined with cisplatin or adriamycin was significantly inhibited, as detected with MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) test. Combined treatment group cells underwent significant morphological changes as observed by HE (Hematoxylin and eosin) staining under optical microscope. Cell cycle analysis indicated that SMF increased the ratio of cells arrested in G2/M phase caused by cisplatin, and when treated with SMF combined with adriamycin, cells were almost arrested in G1 and G2/M phase. SCGE test showed that SMF can enhance the ability of cisplatin or adriamycin to promote cell DNA damage. Atomic force microscope observation found that the combination of antitumor drugs and magnetic field treatment induced larger and deeper holes on the cell membrane, and surface structure damage is serious. The combination of antitumor drugs and magnetic field technology effectively inhibits the growth of tumor cells, and reduces drug doses. The results implicate this method as potential cancer therapy.
Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; DNA Damage ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Magnetic Fields

OBJECTIVE: To survey and promote the ability of military men to treat burns. METHODS: A total of 2200 military men were recruited to survey and examine their acknowledge and technique to treat burns, and then acknowledge and technique were taught to treat burns through multimedia and demonstration. One year later, the same subjects were surveyed again. RESULTS: Before the intervention, their ability was deficient (the mean score was 51). Their scores were significantly promoted after the intervention (the mean score was 75, P<0.01). Before and after the intervention, the service age, education and position had no effect on the score, but before the intervention, the navy's score was significantly better than the army's or the air force's (P>0.01). CONCLUSION The ability of military men to treat burns needs to be improved for the potential hightech warfare.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Burns ; therapy ; China ; Education, Medical ; organization & administration ; Humans ; Male ; Military Medicine ; education ; Military Personnel ; education ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma(AITL)in middle and old age patients.Methods:This was a retrospective study.A total of 33 middle-aged and elderly patients(a median age of 64 years, range 47~85 years)with AITL admitted to our hospital from May 2008 to March 2017, including 54.5% male(18 cases), were enrolled in this study.Clinical manifestations, pathology, imaging and survival data of patients were collected.The objective response rate(ORR)of patients with different therapeutic regimens was analyzed.The survival analysis was conducted by using the Kaplan-Meier method, the survival rate was analyzed by using the Log-rank method, and multivariate analysis was conducted by using the proportional hazards regression model.Results:The median overall survival(OS)was 26.0 months(8.5-43.5 months). The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year OS rate was 66.7%(22 cases), 45.5%(15 cases)and 24.2%(8 cases), respectively.The ORR of first-line chemotherapy with CHOP-like regimens(cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone)was 65.5%(19/29)and the incidence of serious adverse reactions was 64.5%(20/31). Single-factor chi-square testing showed that age ≥60 years, Barthel score ≥90, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score(ECOG-PS)≥2, anemia, International prognostic index(IPI)score of 4~5, receiving chidamide treatment were influncing factors for the prognosis in middle-aged and elderly patients with AITL( χ2=5.103, 4.306, 6.004, 4.030, 6.348 and 4.080, P<0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that age ≥60 years and receiving chidamide treatment were independent prognostic factors affecting the 5-year survival rate of middle-aged and elderly AITL patients( OR=0.313 and 4.964, P<0.05). That the OS was better in the group receiving chidamide treatment than in the group without chidamide treatment( P<0.05). Conclusions:Clinical features of AITL are diverse and lack of specificity.Most patients present with advanced stage AITL at the initial diagnosis.The 5-year OS rate is low.AITL patients aged over 60 years have a poor prognosis.Chidamide can improve the OS rate.

Objective To investigate the effects of mitogen-activated protein kinase p38(p38 MAPK)on CD3/CD28-stimulated T-cell proliferation and IL-2 expression which were enhanced by shockwaves.Methods Jurkat T cells or peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)were pretreated with the p38 MAPK-inhibitor(SB203580)(The Jurkat T cells or PBMC of the control groups were not pretreated with SB203580),then treated with shockwaves,and stimulated respectively with a suboptimal dose of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies or PHA.Finally the IL-2 productions of Jurkat T cells or the proliferation of PBMC were respectively measured.The protein tyrosine phosphorylation of p38 MAPKin Jurkat T cells treated either with shockwaves or not was measured by Western blotting with anti-phosphotyrine antibodies(Thr180/Tyr182).The expressoins of p38 MAPK in Jurkat T cells treated either with shockwaves or not were determined by Western blotting with anti-p38 MAPK antibodies.Results Compared with negative control group without shockwave treatment,the 3H-TdR incorporation of the phytohemagglutinin-stimulated PBMC,which were treated with low dose shockwaves(LDSWs)of 100,150,200,250,300,330 impulses at(0.180?0.015)mJ?mm2,increased significantly(P