AIM: To develop micellar electrokinetic capilitary chromatography. A method MECC for the separation of major phospholipid from bear gall. METHODS: Following the optimization experiments the MECC was applied to the separation with the 35 m MSDC, 6 mM sodium tetraborate, 10 mM disodium hydrogen phosphate, 30% (v/v) 1-propanol, and pH 8.5 as buffer system. The voltage was 30 kV. the temperature was set at 40 (?C). The capillary length was 570 mm with the effective one of 500 mm. Injection pressure was 50 mbar?4 s and UV detection wavelength was at 200 nm. RESULTS: The separation of phospholipid in bear gall was achieved in the method developed. CONCLUSION: The method is fast, effective and complementary to the HPLC.

Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture with Ling Gui Ba Fa in treating diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS). Methods Sixty D-IBS patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 each. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture by selecting points according to Ling Gui Ba Fa plus Tianshu (ST 25) and Dachangshu (BL 25), while the control group was by oral administration of Pinaverium Bromide. The therapeutic efficacies were compared after 2 treatment courses. Results The markedly-effective rate and total effective rate were respectively 80.0% and 93.3%in the treatment group, versus 50.0%and 80.0%in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). The total effective rates for abdominal bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea were respectively 93.3%, 86.7%, and 93.3%in the treatment group, versus 80.0%, 86.7%, and 80.0%in the control group, and the inter-group differences in comparing the total effective rate for abdominal bloating and diarrhea were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture majorly with Ling Gui Ba Fa is an effective method in treating D-IBS.

Objective To investigate the long?term effect of nerve?spring radical hysterectomy( NSRH) on anorectal function after radical hysterectomy. Methods Fifty?six cases of uterine cervical carcinoma patients who met the criteria were selected for the study and were randomly divided into RH group and NSRH group. Defecation functional and anorectal manometry were compared at 1 year after surgery. Results There were 2 patients were excluded both in the two groups, and 26 cases were included in the follow up of each group. Compared with RH group, NSRH group had a lower constipation and chronic diarrhea incidence ( 2 (7. 7%),8(30. 8%);1(3. 8%),6(23. 1%);χ2=4. 457,4. 127P<0. 05),a better self?evaluation bowel func?tion(no significant change:10(38. 5%),5(19. 2%);poor:7(26. 9%),3(11. 5%);very poor:9(34. 6%),18 (69. 2%);χ2=6. 267,P=0. 044;P<0. 05),a higher level of maximal anal squeeze pressure((132. 7±43. 6) mmHg,(119. 5±45. 3) mmHg;t=2. 116,P<0. 05),a lower level of threshold perception of distension((38. 6 ±10. 5) mmHg,(45. 8±12. 4) mmHg;t=2. 326,P<0. 05) and threshold perception of evacuative stimulus ((78. 3±33. 2) mmHg,(90. 6±40. 9) mmHg;t=2. 208,P<0. 05). Conclusion RH may cause more serious long?term anorectal dysfunction,while NSRH help to protect defecation function.

ObjectiveTo detect the value of ultrasound-guided steroids injection for the treatment of plantar fasciitis.MethodsThirty-eight physical therapy ineffective plantar fasciitis patients were enrolled in this study, and randomly divided into ultrasound-guided and palpation-guided groups. Pain intensity was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) and plantar fasciitis were evaluated by high frequency ultrasound including assessment of the thickness before injection and at 4 weeks, 12 weeks post injection.ResultsThirty-eight patients who received either ultrasound guided or palpation-guided injection had significantly lower visual analog scale scores and lower plantar fascia thickness (bothP<0.01) at 4 weeks, 12 weeks post injection. The differences in plantar fascia thickness, VAS score between the two groups before, and at the 4 weeks follow-up were not statistically significant [2.52±0.77vs 2.68±0.82,P>0.05; (4.56±0.25) mmvs (4.72±0.38) mm, P>0.05]. However, the ultrasound guided group had lower mean visual analog scale score (1.47±0.77vs 2.37±0.68,P<0.01) and lower mean plantar fascia thickness [(4.02±0.24) mmvs (4.53±0.35) mm,P<0.01] than the palpation-guided group at 12 weeks post injection. The calcification of the plantar fascia at 12 weeks post injection in ultrasound guided group was completely disappeared or significantly decreased.ConclusionUltrasound-guided injection for treating plantar fasciitis is more accurate and effective than palpation-guided injection, and is of great clinical value for both patients and doctors.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided (US-guided) subacromial bursa injection of betamethasone combined with hyaluronate for treatment of subacromial bursitis.MethodsA total of 72 patients who were diagnosed as subacromial bursitis by ultrasound and then decided to performed US-guided subacromial bursa injection were randomly divided into two groups. The study group was treated with compound betamethasone suspension followed by sodium hyaluronate, and the control group was treated only with compound betamethasone suspension. Visual analogue score (VAS) and the shoulder active abduction range of motion (AAROM) score were observed before treatment, 1 week and 4 weeks post-treatment during 1 month's followed-up.ResultsThere were signifi cantly decreased in VAS score and increased in AAROM score at 1 week and 4 weeks post treatment for both groups (bothP<0.05). There was no difference of both VAS score and AAROM score between the two groups at 1 week post treatment (bothP>0.05). But at 4 weeks post treatment, the VAS score of the study group was signifi cantly lower than that of the control group (2.08±1.95vs 3.14±2.0,P<0.05), while the AAROM score of the study group was signifi cantly higher than that of the control group (7.12±2.10vs 6.11±1.93,P<0.05). ConclusionsUltrasound-guided subacromial bursa injection of betamethasone combined with hyaluronate is effective in treating subacromial bursitis. It produces better pain and active abduction functional improvement than betamethasone at a short-term follow-up.

Objective To investigate the significance of sonographic patterns of thyroid calcification in diagnosis of thyroid nodule.Methods 235 patients with 355 thyroid nodules were retrospectively analyzed.Nodule calcification size,distribution and pattern were observed.Results The incidence of calcification in benign and malignant nodules was 30.3％ (89/294)and 73.7％ (45/61) respectively.The difference had statistical significance(x2 =24.3,P ＜0.01).The rate of microcalcification in cancer was 47.5％ (29/61),higher than that in benign one 3.1％ (9/294)(x2 =99.1,P ＜ 0.01).Coarse calcification in benign nodules and malignant lesion was 27.2％ (80/294)and 26.2％ (16/61)respectively.The difference had no statistical significance(x2 =0.42,P ＞0.05).Conclusions Microcalcification of thyroid nodules is a specific index for thyroid carcinoma.Any type of sonographically detected calcification represents risk of malignancy.Not only microcalcification,these cases should raise the suspicion of malignancy in coarse calcification,especially involving a solitary nodule and irregular shape.

AIM: To investigate the functional role of TGF-?_1 signal protein Smad2/3 in tubulointerstitial fibrosis associated with unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats. METHODS: The unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model was induced by the ligation of left ureter. Rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after UUO was initiated. TGF?_1 protein, phosphorylated Smad2/3 and interstitial ?-smooth muscle actin (?-SMA) expression were assayed by immunohistochemical staining. TGF-?_1 mRNA in the obstructed kidney was analyzed with in situ hybridration. HE and Masson staining were used for histological and morphometric studies of the pathological change in obstructed kidney. RESULTS: The results showed that upregulation of TGF-?_1 in tubulointerstitium of both cortex and medulla at day 3 (a 3.1 fold increase vs control, P

AIM:To investigate the expression and probable role of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase(ERK1/2)in renal fibrosis associated with diabetic in mice.METHODS:Male homozygous C57BL/6 mice were divided at random into control group(intraperitoneally injected with citrate buffer)and diabetes group(received 5 consecutive daily intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin at dose of 50 mg?kg-1?d-1).All mice were followed up for 16 weeks.Diabetes was confirmed by serum glucose levels exceeding 16.7 mmol/L.Mice were killed at 0,4,8,12 and 16 weeks respectively after streptozotocin injection.The kidney tissues were obtained from diabetic and control mice.Serum glucose,kidney weight/body weight(KW/BW),24 h albumin excretion rate(UAE)and the serum creatinine(Scr)were measured.The kidney tissue was used for histological and morphometric studies of glomerular size,glomerular matrix expansion(PAS),and the expression of TGF-?1,phosphorylated ERK1/2 and collagen Ⅲ by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS:The serum level of glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice increased significantly.The kidney weight/body weight ratio,glomerular volume and glomerular matrix expansion in diabetic mice were obviously higher than those in control mice.Serum creatinine and 24 h albumin excretion rate in diabetic mice increased significantly compared with control mice.TGF-?1,phosphorylated ERK1/2 and collagen Ⅲ levels were obviously increased in the kidney of diabetic mice compared with those in control mice(P

AIM: To investigate the effect of antisense RNA on osteopontin (OPN) expression in renal tubular epithelial cells. METHODS: Cell clone expressing stably OPN antisense RNA was formed by transfering retroviral vector expressing OPN antisense RNA into renal tubular epithelial cells, NRK52E cells, using liposome, with cell clones transfected by empty vector and vector expressing OPN sense RNA as controls. Ribonuclease protection assay(RPA), Western Blot, ELISA and assay of OPN activity were performed to detect expression of OPN mRNA and protein in above clones cultured with or without epidermal growth factor(EGF). RESULTS: The antisense RNA was only expressed by antisense clone. Antisense clone, sense clone and empty clone all expressed OPN mRNA. EGF enhanced expression of OPN mRNA, but not OPN antisense RNA or OPN sense RNA in above clones. OPN protein was not expressed in antisense clone cultured with or without EGF and empty clone cultured without EGF, but was expressed in sense clone cultured with or without EGF and empty clone cultured with EGF. CONCLUSION: Antisense RNA can inhibit OPN protein expression by means of preventing OPN mRNA translation, but not inhibit OPN mRNA transcription in renal tubular epithelial cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on neuroprotection and prognosis prediction of rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI) by dynamically monitoring the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG).Methods Forty healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups according to random number table,ie,normal control group (with no intervention),sham operation group (fenestration only,without drilling),TBI group (fluid percussion was used to produce moderate to severe TBI),and mild hypothemia group (ice blanket was used immediately after TBI for continuous physical cooling and rectal temperature was maintained at 32-35℃ and rewarmed to 37℃ 6 hours after the initiation of cooling),with 10 rats per group.Changes of SEP and QEEG in all groups were monitored at 6,24 hours,and 7 days after TBI.Results (1) Compared with TBI group,the latency of SEP waves (P1 and N1) on the injured side in mild hypothemia group began to shorten at 24 hours(P ＜ 0.05) and were close to that in the sham operation group at 7 days.(2) Except for normal control group and sham operation group,QEEG in TBI group showed decrease of α rhythm,increase of reactivity slow waves,and decrease or disappearance of QEEG relative power spectral values at all time points.In mild hypothermia group,the reactivity slow waves were decreased with a small amount of α wave; QEEG relative power spectral values were increased at 24 hours and 7 days (especially at 24 hours),but werc still lower than those in normal control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Mild hypothermia exerts neuroprotective effect through reducing SEP latency,raising relative power spectral values of QEEG,and improving the nerve conduction and brain electrical activity of the injured side.