A novel hydrophobic ferrocene polymer ( P-Fc) was synthesized successfully. Taken the advantage of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin ( HP-β-CD ) with hydrophilic outside and hydrophobic inside, P-Fc was successfully enveloped in the cavity of HP-β-CD to form macromolecular vesicle by a self-assembly process. The structure and morphology of the macromolecular vesicle was characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, SEM and CV. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was used as target drugs and loaded in the vesicles successfully. After added the oxidant, ferrocene was oxidized to dicyclopentadienyl iron, which destroyed the vesicles successfully. The rapid directional release of the drugs was realized. The maximum loading values of R6G and DOX were 6. 89 and 39. 06 μg/mg, respectively. The release rates were 73. 7%and 88. 2%, respectively. It would increase the utilization level of the drugs and enhance their efficiency.

Objective To assess the nutritional status of severe malnutrition patients with anorexia nervosa by multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance technique, and to provide the basis for nutritional support therapy. Methods A prospective study was conducted. Twenty-six severe malnutrition patients with anorexia nervosa, body mass index (BMI)≤16 kg/m2admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Peking University Third Hospital and general three ward of Peking University Sixth Hospital from June 1st to September 30th, 2017 were enrolled. The extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), ECW/ICW ratio, adipose tissue mass (ATM), lean tissue mass (LTM), total body water/body weight (TBW/WT), ATM/WT, and LTM/WT were measured by multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance meter. Thirty-eighty healthy volunteers with normal nutritional status (23.0 kg/m2> BMI > 18.5 kg/m2) matched by gender and height were enrolled as healthy control group. The predictive value of main body composition for nutritional status were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results All the patients were female. There was no significant difference in height between two groups, but WT and BMI in the severe malnutrition group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group [WT (kg): 38.1±4.9 vs. 54.2±3.3, BMI (kg/m2): 13.6±2.5 vs. 21.2±1.1, both 1 < 0.01]. Compared with the healthy control group, the ECW, ICW, ATM, LTM, ATM/WT and LTM/WT were significantly decreased in the severe malnutrition group [ECW (L): 9.02±0.42 vs. 10.19±0.77, ICW (L):12.6±0.9 vs.19.1±1.3, ATM (kg): 9.3±1.1 vs. 16.6±1.9, LTM (kg): 16.5±1.5 vs. 26.1±1.7, ATM/WT: 0.26±0.02 vs. 0.30±0.02, LTM/WT: 0.22±0.02 vs. 0.26±0.01, all 1 < 0.01], the ECW/ICW and TBW/WT were significantly increased in the severe malnutrition group (ECW/ICW: 0.72±0.06 vs. 0.54±0.06, TBW/WT: 0.58±0.02 vs. 0.52±0.02, both 1 < 0.01). It was shown by ROC curve analysis that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of TBW/WT、ATM/WT、LTM/WT for evaluating severe malnutrition were 0.999, 0.919, 0.954 respectively; when the cut-off of TBW/WT,ATM/WT, LTM/WT were 0.58, 0.28, 0.24 respectively, the sensitivity were 100%, 85%, 80% respectively, and the specificity were 95%, 80%, 91% respectively. Conclusion Main body composition of severe malnutrition patients with anorexia nervosa changed significantly. Bioelectrical impedance technology can be an effective assessment tool for the nutritional status of such patients.

Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP-CHN) in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:Totally 165 out-patients and in-patients meeting the DSM-IV-TR criteria for schizophrenia were entered in the study.Ten of subjects was included the intra-rater reliability training.The Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) was regarded as the' gold standard' to investigate the validity of PSP-CHN,and the Positive and Negative Rating Scale was used to assess the severity of disease to explore the correlative validity,in the other 155 subjects.Five to seven days after the first PSP-CHN interview,the second PSP-CHN was evaluated by another investigator to assess the test-retest reliability among 66 subjects.Twenty-seven subjects with the score of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) more than 60 were followed up for 8 weeks of standardized pharmacotherapy.By the end of 8 week of treatment,the PANSS and PSP-CHN were assessed again to explore the sensitivity of PSP-CHN.Results:The internal consistency (Cronbach α=0.84) and the inter-rater reliability (κ value=0.56,ICC=0.94 for PSP-CHN total score) were good.The test-retest reliability was high [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.95].The scale showed good construct validity with statistically significant correlations with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) (ICC of 0.95).The PSP-CHN score had a good negative correlation with the PANSS total score(r=-0.79,-0.57,-0.63 and -0.71,respectively,P<0.01).After 8 week treatment,PSP-CHN total score was increased with the improvement of PANSS,and the responder showed higher increasing of PSP-CHN total score (21.2) than those partial responder(10.2),significantly.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the PSP-CHN is a convenient and valid instrument to assess the personal and social functions of stabilized and acute patients with schizophrenia.

GABARAP, a microtuble-associated protein, is identified to interact with GABAA receptor. Anchoring of the GABAA receptor to GABARAP helps to cluster the receptor at the synaptic termini and to mediate fast synaptic transmission. GABARAP may mediate interaction of gephyrin with the GABAA receptor to stabilize clusters by forming multimeric structures. Furthermore, GABARAP and gephyrin may play more of a role in receptor sorting and transport to the cell surface than in anchoring to the cytoplasm, because at inhibitory synapses GABARAP appears to associate with transport vesicles rather than the cell surface. The association of GABARAP with NSF (N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor), a protein involved in intracellular vesicle transport, supports this hypothesis. We cloned cDNA encoding full-length human GABARAP by nested PCR and inserted it into eukaryon expression vector pcDNA6HA and GST fusion protein expression vector pGEX4T2. The recombinant plasmid pGEX4T2-hGABARAP was transformed into E. coli BL21, from which GST-hGABARAP fusion protein was purified after IPTG induction by affinity chromatography with glutathione Sepharose-4B column. The antiserum against GABARAP was generated by immunizing rabbits with the purified GST-hGABARAP and was purified with GST-hGABARAP coupled NHS-activated Sepherose 4 column. The purified polyclonal antibody was effective for Western blotting and immunostaining. The hGABARAP was located both in the cytoplasm and nucleus with an abundant distribution around the peripheral nucleus.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies ; blood ; immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glutathione Transferase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunization ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology

Sepsis and septic shock are important clinical problems in critically ill patients, accounting for the first cause of death in intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are particularly important. Recently, genome-wide expression analysis of non-coding RNA in septic patients showed that more than 80% were differentially expressed compared with healthy individuals. These molecules play important roles in biological processes, including innate immunity, mitochondrial function and apoptosis. Therefore, a class of non-coding RNAs such as microRNA (miRNA), long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular non-coding RNA (circRNA) are increasingly recognized as a regulator of various signaling pathways. The potential of regulatory non-coding RNA target to treat sepsis was discussed by studying non-coding RNAs that might serve as molecular markers of sepsis, and its clinical value was evaluated.

Objective: To explore the related factors of myopia among children and adolescents in Yunnan Province, and to predict and evaluate the influencing factors, so as to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the prevention and control of myopia. Methods: From March 9 to 14, 2023, 848 students from 6 primary and secondary schools in Dali and Lijiang of Yunnan Province were selected by multi stage stratified random cluster sampling method for visual acuity detection and questionnaire survey on myopia related factors. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to establish a Nomogram prediction model for the selected influencing factors. Results: The overall myopia rate of the respondents was 68.3%, the myopia rate of boys (63.4%) was lower than that of girls (72.9%), and the myopia rate of primary school students (46.7%) was lower than that of junior high school students (81.1%), and the difference was statistically significant（ χ 2=8.71, 108.07, P <0.05). Daily eye exercises, activities outside the teaching building during recess, having daily sleep time of 7-9 and >9 h, having both parents without myopia were negatively correlated with the occurrence of myopia in children and adolescents in Yunnan Province ( OR=0.64, 0.63, 0.56, 0.28, 0.48, P < 0.05 ). The reading and writing time after school ≥3 h per day and parents unrestricted time to play video games were positively correlated with myopia ( OR=1.94, 1.78, P <0.05). Based on the influencing factors, a Nomogram prediction model was established to quantitatively evaluate the risk of myopia. The results showed that greater risk for myopia was associated with sleep duration, parental history of myopia, and the time spent reading and writing after school every day. Conclusion Both genetic factors and environmental factors are related to myopia in children and adolescents. The prediction model of nomogram is beneficial for screening high risk factors of myopia and taking corresponding prevention and treatment measures.

Fifteen patients with Crohn′s disease (CD) in remission diagnosed at Shanghai Jing′an District Central Hospital from February 2018 to June 2019, and 26 matched healthy subjects were recruited. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans of hippocampus. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) was calculated to determine differences in the brain. Left hippocampus was selected as seeds for functional connectivity (FC) analysis, and the results were compared between two groups. The relationship between disease duration and ALFF/FC values in abnormal regions were analyzed with Pearson correlation. Compared with the controls, the ALFF of the left hippocampus (voxel size 32) of CD patients decreased [family-wise error correstion(FWE correction), cluster level P<0.05], and the ALFF of the left medial superior frontal gyrus (voxel size 126), left supplementary motor area (voxel size 126) and left anterior cingulate gyrus increased (voxel size 37) (FWE corrected, cluster level P<0.05). Using the left hippocampus as the seed point for the whole brain functional connectivity analysis, CD patients showed increased FC strength with the left superior temporal gyrus, left medial superior frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part), and right supplementary motor area(FEW corrected, cluster level P<0.05). Correlation analysis did not show a significantly differences between ALFF/FC value of altered brain areas and the disease duration. It suggests that there are changes in spontaneous activities and functional connectivity in the left hippocampus in patients with CD.

Objective To investigate the protective mechanism of Wenyang Fuyuan Prescription on nerve injury by improving brain iron metabolism in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI)based on ferroptosis.Methods A total of 72 SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group,CIRI model group,Wenyang Fuyuan Prescription group(18.0 g·kg-1,gavage),ferroptosis inducer group(100 mg·kg-1,intraperitoneal injection),Wenyang Fuyuan Prescription(18.0 g·kg-1,gavage)+ ferroptosis inducer group(intraperitoneal injection)and ferroptosis inhibitor group(5 mg·kg-1,intraperitoneal injection),12 rats in each group.All the procedures adopted in the sham group were the same as those in the model group.But nylon thread was inserted into the internal carotid artery at a depth of 9 mm and un-plugged middle cerebral artery.The rest of the groups were used to construct middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)model by thread embolism method.Ferroptosis inducer(100 mg·kg-1)and ferroptosis inhibitor(5 mg·kg-1)were administered intraperitoneally to rats according to the grouping 24 hours before modeling.Wenyang Fuyuan Prescription(18.0 g·kg-1)was administered by gavage 2 hours after anesthesia and awakening.All intervention were given once daily for 7 consecutive days.The Longa scoring standard was used to evaluate the neurological deficit on 1,3,and 7 days after MCAO/R surgery,respectively.At the end of the treatment period,brain tissues were taken to observe the morphological changes of rat neurons in each group by hematoxylin eosin staining(HE).The ultrastructural changes of neuron mitochondria in each group were observed by transmission electron microscope.The biochemical kit was used to detect the content of iron ions(Fe2+)and reduced glutathione(GSH)in brain tissue.The protein and mRNA expressions of transferrin receptor 1(TFR1),iron regulatory protein 1(IRP1)and ferroportin(FPN)were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western Blot.Results① Compared with sham group,the neurological deficit scores of rats in model group increased at each time point(P＜0.01).HE staining showed neurons were sparse and disordered,the nuclei underwent pyknosis,and vacuoles appeared at the edges.Under electron microscopy,it was observed that the number of neuronal mitochondria decreased,the density of mitochondrial membranes increased,massive numbers of mitochondrial membranes ruptured and dissolved,and mitochondrial cristae disappeared.The content of Fe2+,both mRNA and protein expressions of TFR1 were significantly increased(P＜0.01),while GSH content,as well as expressions of mRNA and protein for IRP1 and FPN were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).② Compared with the model group,the neurological deficit scores of rats in the Wenyang Fuyuan Prescription group decreased at various time points(P＜0.05).The number of neurons increased,their arrangement was relatively neat,the morphology of the nucleus is complete and clear,the mitochondrial structure of neurons was relatively complete,the mitochondrial membrane was relatively intact,and the mitochondrial cristae were clear.The content of Fe2+,both mRNA and protein expressions of TFR1 were decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),while GSH content,as well as expressions of mRNA and protein for IRP1 and FPN increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).③ Compared with the Wenyang Fuyuan Prescription group,the neurological deficit scores of rats in ferroptosis inducer group and the Wenyang Fuyuan Prescription + ferroptosis inducer group increased at all time points(P＜0.05).Distribution of neurons was in disorder,the nucleus shrinked,and vacuoles appeared at the edges.The density of mitochondrial membranes increased,some ruptured and dissolved mitochondrial membranes were found.The number of mitochondria decreased and mitochondrial cristae disappeared.The content of Fe2+,both TFR1 mRNA and protein expression increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),while the content of GSH,as well as expressions of mRNA and protein for IRP1 and FPN decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).However,there was no statistically significant difference in all observed indicators between the ferroptosis inhibitor group and the Wenyang Fuyuan Prescription group(P＞0.05).Conclusion Wenyang Fuyuan Prescription can improve the neurological function and pathological damage of CIRI rats.Its mechanism may be related to regulating the expression of IRP1 protein,improving the brain iron metabolism pathway,and inhibiting ferroptosis.

With the development of global economy, the dramatically increased production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics has led to a remarkably increased amount of plastic waste. PET waste can be treated by landfill, incineration, or biodegradation. While landfilling and incineration may cause secondary pollution, biodegradation has since received increased attentions due to its environmental friendliness. Recent studies have indicated that the carbohydrate binding module (CBM) can effectively enhance the binding of PET degrading enzymes to PET, and consequently increasing PET degradation rate. Here we constructed a fusion protein BaCBM2-Tfuc containing the BaCBM2 from Bacillus anthraci and the cutinase Tfuc from Thermobifida fusca, by megaprimer PCR of whole plasmids (MEGAWHOP). Notabaly, the PET film degradation efficiency (at 60 ℃) of BaCBM2-Tfuc was 2.8 times that of Tfuc. This study may provide technical support for constructing fusion proteins capable of efficiently degrading PET.
Carbohydrates ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Thermobifida

BACKGROUND: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychological disorder, which is characterized by the misunderstanding of body image, food restriction, and low body weight. An increasing number of studies have reported that the pathophysiological mechanism of AN might be associated with the dysbiosis of gut microbiota. The purpose of our study was to explore the features of gut microbiota in patients with AN, hoping to provide valuable information on its pathogenesis and treatment. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, from August 2020 to June 2021, patients with AN who were admitted into Peking University Third Hospital and Peking University Sixth Hospital ( n   =  30) were recruited as the AN group, and healthy controls (HC) were recruited from a middle school and a university in Beijing ( n   =  30). Demographic data, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores of the two groups, and length of stay of the AN group were recorded. Microbial diversity analysis of gut microbiota in stool samples from the two groups was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. RESULTS: The weight (AN vs. HC, [39.31 ± 7.90] kg vs. [56.47 ± 8.88] kg, P  < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI, AN vs. HC, [14.92 ± 2.54] kg/m 2vs. [20.89 ± 2.14] kg/m 2 , P  < 0.001) of patients with AN were statistically significantly lower than those of HC, and HAMD scores in AN group were statistically significantly higher than those of HC. For alpha diversity, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups; for beta diversity, the two groups differed obviously regarding community composition. Compared to HC, the proportion of Lachnospiraceae in patients with AN was statistically significantly higher (AN vs. HC, 40.50% vs. 31.21%, Z  = -1.981, P  = 0.048), while that of Ruminococcaceae was lower (AN vs. HC, 12.17% vs. 19.15%, Z  = -2.728, P  = 0.007); the proportion of Faecalibacterium (AN vs. HC, 3.97% vs. 9.40%, Z  = -3.638, P  < 0.001) and Subdoligranulum (AN vs. HC, 4.60% vs. 7.02%, Z  = -2.369, P  = 0.018) were statistically significantly lower, while that of Eubacterium_hallii_group was significantly higher (AN vs. HC, 7.63% vs. 3.43%, Z  = -2.115, P  = 0.035). Linear discriminant effect (LEfSe) analysis (LDA score >3.5) showed that o_Lachnospirales, f_Lachnospiraceae, and g_Eubacterium_hallii_group (o, f and g represents order, family and genus respectively) were enriched in patients with AN. Microbial function of nutrient transport and metabolism in AN group were more abundant ( P  > 0.05). In AN group, weight and BMI were significantly negatively correlated with the abundance of Bacteroidota and Bacteroides , while positively correlated with Subdoligranulum . BMI was significantly positively correlated with Firmicutes; HAMD scores were significantly negatively correlated with Faecalibacterium. CONCLUSIONS The composition of gut microbiota in patients with AN was different from that of healthy people. Clinical indicators have correlations with the abundance of gut microbiota in patients with AN.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Anorexia Nervosa ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dysbiosis/microbiology* ; Body Mass Index ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Feces/microbiology*