The research of sleep staging is an important basis of evaluating sleep quality and diagnosing diseases. In order to achieve automatic sleep staging, we proposed a new method which combines with principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) for automatic sleep staging. Firstly, we used PCA to reduce dimension of time-frequency-space domains and nonlinear dynamical characteristics of sleep EEG from 5 subjects to reduce data redundancy. Secondly, we used 1-a-1 SVM to classify sleep stages. The results showed that the correct rate can reach 89.9%, which was better than those of many other similar studies.
Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Principal Component Analysis ; Sleep Stages ; Support Vector Machine

A new anastomat for digestive tract operations, based on the magnetic compressive technique and mechanical transmission mechanism, is composed of a removable head and a reusable body. The head includes two parts: the proximal end can be fixed to the body, and the distal end could be used for performing a purse string suture. The procedure of anastomosis is similar to that of the stapler, and the anastomoses is established using a pair of magnetic rings. The instrument makes magnamosis more simple and feasible, and it would facilitate the clinical application. The body of the anastomat is reusable and the head could be replaced according to the clinical scenarios, these could reduce the medical cost. The magnetic rings would be excreted with the feces, and there is no foreign body response at last.
Anastomosis, Surgical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; surgery ; Humans ; Magnetics

Objective To explore the clinical value of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy for hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation. Methods Routine color doppler imaging (CDI) was used to detect hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) after liver transplantation in 160 cases. Suspected patients were further confirmed by immediate angiography. Four cases of HAT were diagnosed and treated by intra-arterial thrombolysis. Two cases received repeatable transcatheter hepatic arterial thrombolysis with a low dose of urokinase. Results Hepatic artery recanalization was achieved in 3 cases. Among the 3 cases, multiple HAT occurred in 1 case, intra-arterial thrombolysis was successfully completed in the end. Two cases had intra-abdominal hemorrhage, which was cured by conservative treatment. One case received retransplantation because of interventional thrombolysis failure and intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Conclusion Intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy may be a promising method in the treatment of HAT. Transcatheter hepatic arterial thrombolysis shows a significant result.

Objective To determine the feasibility of limb salvage with major vascular reconstruction for sarcomas of extremities, focusing on the early complications, oncological and functional outcomes.Methods Between August 2004 and June 2009, 13 patients (mean age 38 years, range 14-63 years) underwent wide resection of upper and lower extremity sarcomas to include the involved arterial and venous segments. 4 patients had bone sarcomas and 9 soft tissue sarcomas, 6 patients only had underwent artery replacement and the other 7 had underwent both artery and vein. 8 resected vessels were reconstructed with vascular graft and 5 with ipsilateral or contralateral saphenous vein. Results No patient suffered from reperfusion injury and infection. The patient with osteosarcoma in proximal humerus had suffered acute arterial graft thrombosis at first day postoperatively; however, the limb was salvaged after successful thrombectomy. 5 of 8 patients with synthetic graft developed minor delayed wound healing and hematoma, but the other 5 patients with autologous saphenous vein replacement did not. The mean follow-up was 19.4 months (7-45months). One patient died of pulmonary metastasis; the patient with osteosarcoma in proximal humerus had developed local recurrence, but refused amputation and was alive with metastasis. No arterial occlusion was observed at final follow-up or at the time of death, but the patency of artery and vein was 100% and 28.6%respectively. One patient who has pulmonary metastases before operation died of metastases 7.5 months after operation. Four patients developed pulmonary metastases, therefore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that 2-year overall and metastasis-free survival rate was 90.9% and 63.6% respectively. Functional status were judged as good or excellent (mean MSTS score 72%) in 12 of 13 patients. Conclusion The study indicate that malignant involvement of major vessels is not a contraindication for limb-salvage. Vascular reconstruction is a feasible option in limb salvage surgery. Wide resection with vascular reconstruction provide acceptable oncological and functional outcome of limb salvage.

Objective To explore the evaluation methods of deodorants for patients with axillary odor. Methods Four trained judges used a blind method to evaluate 60 subjects directly or indirectly before and 6 hours and 24 hours after using deodorants. New T-shirts were provided for the subjects each time after grading. Then the judges evaluated the odor from the T-shirt as indirect axillary evaluation method. Then statistic analysis was used to compare the odor changes of axillary odor. Results The odors of axillary area were all decreased by two evaluation methods after using 3 different deodorants. But the efficacy of 3 deodorants were not completely same. Conclusion Direct axillary odor evaluation is a good method to evaluate the efficacy of deodorants.

Objective To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and the prognostic survival factors of young patients who have undergone hepatectomy for primary hepatic carcinoma.Methods Clinicopathological da-ta and treatment outcomes in 79 young (≤40 years old)and 67 elderly (≥65 years old)patients who underwent hep-atectomy for primary hepatic carcinoma between 2008 and 2012 were retrospectively collected and compared using various parameters.Then the survival rate and prognostic factors of the younger patients were analyzed using Kap-lan-Meier and COX multivariate proportional hazards model.Results The positive rate of HBs-antigen and alpha-fetoprotein level were significantly higher in the younger patients than in the elderly patients (P<0.05).However, the positive rate of Anti-HCV-Ab was markedly lower in the younger patients (P<0 .0 5 ).The two groups did not significantly differ in gender,clinical symptoms,intraoperative parameters or pathological features (P>0.05).The overall survival rate was similar between the two groups.COX multivariate proportional hazards model analysis showed that the independent prognostic factors of overall survival were pre-operative albumin level <3 5 g/L and maximum tumor diameter ≥5 cm.Conclusion Hepatectomy is a safe and feasible treatment for young and elderly patients with primary hepatic carcinoma.The independent prognostic factors of survival for young patients are pre-operative albumin level <3 5 g/L and the maximum tumor diameter ≥5 cm.

Objective To establish a rat model of sepsis induced by muramyl dipeptide (MDP) after scald burn.Methods Fifty SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 2-3 months,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group (group C,n =10),scald group (group S,n =10) and MDP group (n =30).The rats were subjected to a third-degree scald burn covering 20% of total body surface area in groups S and MDP.The rats were only exposed to 20 ℃ water in group C.MDP 5 mg/kg was injected via the femoral vein at 24 h after scald bum in group MDP.Arterial blood samples were collected at 1,6 and 24 h after MDP injection in group MDP,at 24 h after scald burn in group S,or at 24 h after exposure to 20 ℃ water in group C for blood gas analysis and for measurement of white blood cell (WBC) and platelet (Plt) counts,serum aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate transferase (AST),total bilirubin (TB),creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels,creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) activity,and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-10 and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1) levels.The rats were sacrificed after collecting blood samples,and heart,liver,lung,and kidney specimens were obtained for microscopic examination of pathologic changes.The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissues was measured.Another 90 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups and treated as the method previously described for record of the survival rate within 72 h.Results Compared with C group,the plasma IL-6,IL-10,IFN-γ and HMGB1 levels,WBC count,serum ALT,AST,and BUN levels and MPO activity were significantly increased,and the survival rate within 72 h was decreased in S group,and the plasma TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10,IFN-γand HMGB-1 levels,serum ALT,AST,TB,BUN,Cr and CK-MB levels,MPO activity,PaCO2 and BE value were significantly increased,and WBC and PLT counts,pH value,PaO2 and survival rate within 72 h were decreased in MDP group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with S group,the plasma TNF-α,IL-6,IFN-γ and HMGB-1 levels,serum ALT,AST,TB,BUN,Cr and CK-MB levels,MPO activity,PaCO2 and BE value were significantly increased,and WBC and Plt counts,pH value,PaO2 and survival rate within 72 h were decreased in MDP group (P ＜ 0.05).The pathologic changes of heart,liver,lung and kidney were obvious in S and MDP groups and severer in MDP group.Conclusion After a third-degree 20% total body surface area scald burn,MDP induces excessive production of inflammatory cytokines accompanying with multiple organ damage ; thus the model of sepsis is successfully established after scald burn in rats.

Objective To study the changes of the peripheral blood regulatory B cells and related cytokines in children patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (CITP),and to analyze their correlations with effective Th cells,and to discuss their roles in the pathogenesis of CITP.Methods The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)were separated in 30 cases of CITP,then percentages of Th1 ,Th17,Th22 and Breg cells were detected by the flow cytometry(FCM).IFN-γ,IL-17,IL-22 and IL-10 levels in culture supernatant were measured by the ELISA method.Results Compared with the control group,the proportions of the peripheral blood Th1 ,Th17,Th22 subsets in CITP children were increased[(18.4±4.7)% vs.(10.82±4.4)%;(2.42±1.02 )% vs.(1 .23±0.42)%;(0.79±0.24)% vs.(0.26±0.11)%],the proportion of Breg cells was reduced significantly,the differ-ences had statistical significance[(0.83±0.21)% vs.(1 .89±0.12)%,P <0.05].In CITP children,the IFN-γ,IL-17,IL-22 levels in culture supernatant were higher than those in the control group[(278.2±121.2)pg/mL vs.(181.8 ±82.2)pg/mL;(214.8 ± 100.5)pg/mL vs.(161 .4±67.8)pg/mL;(122.16±22.2)pg/mL vs.(90.8±31.1)pg/mL],but the IL-10 level was lower than that in the healthy control group[(27.4±12.6)pg/mL vs.(46.1±16.2)pg/mL),differences between them had statistical signifi-cance(P <0.05).Besides,there was a positive correlation between the proportion of Breg cells and cytokine IL-10 level(r=0.617, P <0.05 ),however,there was a negative correlation between the proportion of Breg cells with Th1 ,Th17 and Th22 cells (P <0.05),between IL-10 level with IFN-γ,IL-17 and IL-22 levels(P <0.05).Conclusion The downregulation of Breg cells proportion may participate in the immune disorder mechanism of effective Th cells in CITP children,which can provide a new idea for the im-munoregulation therapy in CITP children.

Objective To investigate the risk factors associated with early mortality (within 30 days) of patients with spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (SRHCC) and assess the efficacies of different treatment regimens. Methods The clinical data of 28 patients with SRHCC who had been admitted to our hospital from January 1999 to January 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. Multiple factors that might cause early mortality were determined, and the efficacies of different treatment regimens were assessed. Results Eleven patients died within 30 days. with the mortality rate of 39%. Univariate analysis showed that shock, Child C status, hemoglobin. ALT, and volume of blood transfusion were associated with early mortality (X2=3.020, 13.741, Z=-2.059, -2.210, -4.153, P<0.05). Child C status and volume of blood transfusion were the independent risk factors. All the patients were divided into hepatectomy group (8 cases), surgical hemostasis group (7 cases), transarterial embolization group (7 cases) and conservative group (6 cases). Patients in hepatectomy group had a better 30-day and median time survival rate compared with those in the other 3 groups (X2=8.098, 8.098, 15.025, Z=-3.127, -2.840, -3.004, P<0.05). Conclusions Poor hepatic functional reserve and severe hemorrhage are closely associated with early mortality of patients with SRHCC. Hepatectomy is a better choice for SRHCC.

Objective To study the characteristics of hepatic artery anatomy and master the method of arterial repair,especially the method and technology of repair of anomalous donor arteries.Methods Sixty-four(human) liver arteries were dissected and repaired,and 31 of these were used in liver transplantation.Results Twelve of 64 cases had anatomical anomaly of hepatic artery(12/64,18.75%).Five of 24 fetal(liver) donors(20.83%) had anatomical anomaly of hepatic artery,one arose from the superior mesentery(artery) as a replaced right hepatic artery,3 from accessory right hepatic artery,and in 1 case the hepatic(artery) arose from superior mesentery artery directly.Seven adults had hepatic artery anomalies:2 cases of right hepatic artery being replaced by artery derived from SMA,2 cases of left hepatic artery deriving from left gastric artery and 3 cases of accessory right hepatic artery derived from SMA.In 31 hepatic(transplantations),4 grafts with anatomical anomaly of right hepatic artery were used.Conclusions (Reconstruction) of hepatic artery plays an important role in hepatic transplantation.Avoidance of injury to(aberrant) hepatic avteries during removal of donor liver is a key to ensure successful arterial repair.During(repair) of very small accessory hepatic arteries,ligation or repair of the artery may be determined after(observation) of backflow from collateral vessels.