OBJECTIVE To investigate deep fungal hospital infection and methods of its decreasing. METHODS Case histories of near 3 years of hospitalized patients from Jan 2002 to Dec 2004 were analyzed according to Diagnosis Standard of Nosocomical Infection under the items,such as the patients,age,underlying disease,sample,strain,and species distribution. RESULTS There were 360 fungus strains belonged to 15 species in all samples;the patients age was 14-94 with 20 kinds of various underlying diseases;the fungi included Candida albicans,and C.tropicalis,accounted for 61.1% and 17.2%,respectively;the samples were sputum,urine,vaginal secretion,BLA,throat swab and pus,which were 42.2%,21.1%,13.9%,8.4%,5.8%,and 3.6%,respectively;the respiratory department,ICU,and urology department were mainly involved. CONCLUSIONS To prevent fungal infection, measures such as hospital′s environment and management including reasonable use of antibiotics play a great role in monitoring hospital fungal infection and its epidemiology.

Objective To investigate the saponins from the Chinese materia medica Huluba (the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Methods To isolate and purify the single saponin by the column chromatography and dry column chromatography of silica gel H. The structural elucidation was carried on by spectroscopic evidence of (()~(13)C-NMR), FAB-MS, DEPT and the results of the fraction-hydrolysis of acquiring the secondary glucosides. Results The newly isolated saponin D was consisted by six molecules of sugar with diosgenin. The chemical structure of saponin D is: diosgenin-3-O-?-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→3)-?-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-?-L-rhamnopyranosyl [(1→3)-?-L-rhamnopyranosyl] (1→4)-?-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-?-D-glucopyranoside. Conclusion Saponin D is a new one consisted of six molecules of su-(gar) with diosgenin.

Objective To compare the effects of celecoxib and amniotic membrane suspension (AMS) on corneal neovascularization (CNV) area and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloprotein-ase-9 (MMP-9) in the growth of corneal neovascularization after thermal burn in rabbits,and provide a theoretical basis of celecoxib for the clinical treatment of corneal neovascularization.Methods Left corneas of 36 rabbits were burned by the home-made burning-device,and randomly divided to three groups:negative control group (n =12),AMS group (n =12) and celecoxib group (n =12),were respectively sub-conjunctival injected by 90 g · L-1 saline (0.1 mL),AMS (0.1 mL) and 8 mg · mL-1 celecoxib solution (0.1 mL).The histological morphology,growth condition and area of CNV were compared under slit lamp microscope at 4 days,7 days and 14 days after thermal-burned.At 7 days after thermal-burned,four appropriate corneas were randomly taken to detect the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by immunohistochemistry,and the results were analyzed by computer image analysis system.Results At 4 days,7 days,14 days after thermal-burned,the areas of neovascularization were (11.32 ± 1.11)mm2,(38.49 ± 4.64) mm2,(43.30 ± 4.39) mm2 in negative control group,(9.69 ± 1.30) mm2,(31.15 ± 4.85)mm2,(37.19 ± 5.27) mm2 in AMS group,(8.47 ± 1.20)mm2,(30.31 ± 4.93) mm2,(36.69 ± 3.54) mm2 in celecoxib group,respectively.At different time points,neovascularization area in AMS group or celecoxib group was significantly lower than negative control group (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no difference between AMS and celecoxib group (all P ＞ 0.05).At 7 days after thermal-burned,the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was not different between AMS group and celecoxib group (all P ＞ 0.05),and significantly lower than negative control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Celecoxib and amniotic membrane suspension can all effectively inhibit CNV after thermal-burned,which may be related to the down-regulated expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 in thermal-burned corneas.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard of Belamcandin standard substance.METHODS:Different indices of standard Belamcandin were examined with quantitative and quantitative analyses according to the corresponding measures stipulated in the Appendix of pharmacopoeia of people's republic of China(part Ⅱ)published in 2005.RESULTS:The specific rotatory power of 3 batches of standard Belamcandin was —28?～—30?([?]25 D,c0.11,Pyridine);the E1% 1 cmwas 790～830;the melting point was 252～254 ℃ and the ash content was less than 0.5%.The content of Belamcandin in the products was above 99.5% as revealed by HPLC.CONCLUSION:All of the indices were shown to meet the standards for standard substances and the established standard can be used for the quality control of standard Belamcandin.

Object To investigate the saponin from the seeds of Trigonella foenum graecum Linn (STFG) Methods The total saponin from STFG was extracted and purified by using the absorptive resin, the single saponin was isolated by using the column chromatography as well as dry column chromatography of silica gel H The chemical structure was elucidated by 13 CNMR , FAB MS, DEPT spectroscopic evidence and the results of fraction hydrolysis of acquiring their secondary glucosides Results A new saponin A from the total saponin has been obtained, the fraction hydrolysis carried out and the secondary glucoside Ⅰ and Ⅱ identified by determining the structure of saponin A The chemical structure of saponin A is: diosgenin 3 O ? L rhamnopyranosyl(1→4) ? D glucopyranosyl(1→4) ? D glucopyranoside The secondary glucoside Ⅰ is: diosgenin 3 O ? D glucopyranoside; Ⅱ is: diosgenin 3 O ? D glucopyranosyl(1→4) ? D glucopyranoside Conclusion Glucoside A is a new saponin with three molecules of sugar

Object To do detail investigation of the saponins from the Chinese materia medica Huluba (the seeds of Trigonella foenum graecum L ) Methods The pure saponins from the total saponins were isolated by employing the column chromatography and dry column chromatography of silica gel H Their chemical structures were elucidated by 13 C NMR , FAB MS, DEPT spectroscopic evidence and the results of the fraction hydrolysis of acquiring their secondary glucosides were obtained Results Two new saponins B and C were isolated and both were the glucosides consisted by four molecules of sugar with diosgenin The chemical structure of B is: diosgenin 3 O ? L rhamnopyranosyl (1→3) ? L rhamnopyranosyl (1→4) ? D glucopyranosyl (1→4) ? D glucopyranoside And saponin C is: diosgenin 3 O ? D glucopyranosyl (1→4) ? L rhamnopyranosyl (1→4) ? D glucopyranosyl (1→4) ? D glucopyranoside Conclusion Saponins B and C are two new ones with four molecules of sugar respectively

Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on spatial learning and memory ability, long-term potentiation (LTP) and synaptophysin (Syp) levels in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated control group, a model group, an EA group and a medication group. A rat model of vascular dementia (VD) was established by repeated ischemia and reperfusion after pretreatment with sodium nitroprusside. EA was applied to the rat homologues of the human "Baihui" (GV20) and "Dazhui" (DU14) acupoints of the rats in the EA group for 20 min, once daily for 10 d.Morris water maze tests were conducted for evaluating the rats,learning and memory ability. LTP in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was recorded as an electrophysiological index for evaluating learning and memory. Antigenic Syp produced in hippocampal tissue was examined with immunohistochemical assays. Results In comparison the with model group, escape latency (EL) shortened and target-platform crossing times increased significantly in the EA and medication groups. After high frequency stimulation the population spike (PS) latency shortened in the EA group compared with the model group, and the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slope and PS amplitude increased.All of these differences were statistically significant. Syp positive cells also increased significantly in the EA-treated rats. Conclusions EA can increase Syp expression and improve the learning and memory ability of rats with this model of VD. EA could facilitate the induction and maintenance of LTP in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus through influencing synaptic transmission.

Background Congenital aniridia is a rare bilateral hereditary ophthalmopathy which impact panocular.Researches showed that congenital aniridia can be caused by different mutation locus of PAX6 genes,and the mutations are multifarious.Objective This study was to detect and anaiyze the mutations of a Chinese family with congenital aniridia by using targeted sequence capture sequencing and direct Sanger sequencing.Methods This study was approved by Ethic Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and followed Declaration of Helsinki.Written informed consent was obtained from subjects or their custodians before any related medical examination.A cross-sectional study was performed.A Chinese congenital aniridia family was included at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in March,2016.All the family members received systemic medical examinations including nervous system and oral glucose tolerance test and then the ocular examinations were carried out.The periphery blood of 10 ml was collected from the members for genomic DNA extraction.Targeted sequence capture sequencing was performed on the DNA of proband to screen out the suspicious mutant locus.The mutation was verified by comparing the Sanger direct sequencing results from all family members.Results A total of 3 generations of 9 members were included in this congenital aniridia pedigree,and the Ⅰ 1 was dead without eye abnormality.Three patients (Ⅱ2 and her children Ⅲ1,Ⅲ2) and 5 normal family members were determined,showing an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.No abnormal signs were found in nervous system and oral glucose tolerance test in the families.The reduce of visual acuity,ocular hypertension (21 mmHg),absence of biocular iris,opacification of corneal stroma,horizontal nystagmus,hapoplasia of fovea were found in all the sufferers.In addition,the ptosis of the left eye,congenital cataract of the right eye in Ⅱ 2 patient as well as biocular cataract and subluxation of lenses also were exhibited.The c.183C＞A mutation of the PAX6 gene was screened out to be a possible pathogenic mutation.The result of Sanger direct sequencing in the families verified a co-segregation of this mutation with mutant phenotypes.Conclusions PAX6 gene c.183C ＞A,a rare mutation in Chinese population,is a virulence mutation site in this aniridia family.

Objective:To establish a dosimetric method based on the well-chamber to verify the accuracy of the source positioning and dwelling time for the afterloading machine, aiming to provide a new method for the quality control of afterloading machine.Methods:The principle of this method was explained according to the hardware structure of the well-chamber. Then, the precision of this method was analyzed by the simulation test and data fitting. The feasibility test was also performed. And the advantages and disadvantages of this method were compared with those of the traditional method.Results:The precision of this method for detecting the source positioning was 0.07 mm and the dwelling time was 0.09 s, respectively. In the feasibility test, the standard deviation of the measure value was below 3%.Conclusions:The well-chamber method has high precision and convenient operation. It can be applied in the rapid verification of the relative accuracy of the source positioning and dwelling time of well-chamber.

Objective Todiscuss the causes and treatment of intimo-intimal intussusception in endovascular repair of aortic dissecting aneurysms.Methods This retrospective study included 7 patients with intimo-intimal intussusception who underwent endovascular repair of aortic dissecting aneurysms from January 2017 to June 2018.There were 5 males and 2 females aged 34 to 64 years (mean 47.1 years),with a clinical course from 8 hours to 3 months.Six cases presented with acute chest pain and 1 had abdominal pain.Preoperative CTA was performed in all patients to confirm the diagnosis.Six patients received thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and 1 receivedfenestration.Results The endovascular repairs were successful without converting to open surgery in all patients.Pathological classifications were 1 type Ⅰ,5 type Ⅱ and 1 type Ⅲ.Four patients received another aortic stent at distal segment to cover the intimo-intimal intussusception and 1 patient at proximal site.One patients received another bare stent in the superior mesenteric artery,and 1 case received abdominal aortic stent implantation.Balloon was used in 2 cases to dilate the stenosis of aortic stents.The death occurred in 1 case at 3 days after surgery for metadata object description schema,and 1 patient needed continuous renal dialysis after discharge.The postoperative conditions (from 7 to 21 days) of other patients were normal without paraplegia,bowel necrosis,lower limb ischemia or arterial rupture.Conclusions The results indicate that the intimo-intimal intussusception in endovascular aortic dissecting aneurysms repair is rare and it is a severe complication.Re-endovascular aortic repair is a safe and reliable surgical approachbased on the type in early phase.