Objective:To prepare O/W granisetron hydrochloride(GH)microemulsion of a new type transdermal delivery system.Methods:The microemulsion was prepared with the formulation containing isopropyl myristate-phosphatidyl choline-tween80-ethanol-water by the pseudo-ternary phase diagram.Quality of feedstock and adjuvant was selected as investigation factor.Dosage was selected as investigation level.The permeation steady state flux,lag time and cumulative permeation quantity of GH were selected as indices,Orthogonal tests were carried out to obtain the optimum formulation.Results:The optimum formulation of GH was A2B1C2 that IPM/Km,Km and GH were 1∶6,3∶1,5.0%.Conclusion:These results indicated that the studied microemulsion system with high osmosis acoss nude rabbits skin could be a potential vehicle for the transdermal delivery of GH.

Fructus Xanthii is commonly used in rhinology, especially used in treatment of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis. But Fructus Xanthii is toxicant, and it maybe result in poisoning when used excessively, without preparation or in inappropriate preparation. This article reviewed all poisoning cases from 1960 to 2000, its toxicology and methods for detoxification

Objective:To verify the effects of microlecture based on robot carrier on standardized residency training of orthopedics.Methods:Sixty orthopedic residents from our hospital were divided into two groups according to different training methods. One was control group ( n = 30), receiving regular training methods, and the other one was experimental group ( n = 30), receiving additional microlecture based on robot carrier besides regular training methods. The teaching effects of the two groups were compared after the training in orthopedics department. SPSS 20.0 was used for t test. Results:There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in theoretical tests results [(88.63±10.24) vs. (87.85±9.62), P > 0.05]. The operation test scores in experimental group (92.12±7.52) were significantly better than that in control group (85.35±8.12), with statistical significance ( P < 0.05). The satisfaction scores for teaching in experimental group (90.00%) was significantly higher than that in control group (70.00%) ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Microlecture based on robot carrier could enhance abilities of skills operation for orthopedic residents during the standardized residency training and improve their satisfaction for the teaching effect.

Objective:To investigate the protective effects of quercetin ( QU) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion ( MI/R) injury in rats and the underlying mechanisms. Methods:MI/R injury model in rats was prepared by coronary artery ligation for 30 min fol-lowed by 120 min reperfusion. And then the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, QU (25, 50 and 100 mg·kg-1 ) groups, the model group and the sham group (n=10). QU was orally administered once a day for 7 days before the operation. The CK and LDH activities and TNF-α and IL-1β levels in serum were examined respectively by colorimetric and ELISA method after the reperfusion. Besides, the area of myocardial infarction was calculated and MPO activity in heart homogenate was detected. Results:QU (100 and 50 mg·kg-1 ) could significantly reduced the area of myocardial infarction to 25. 00% and 25. 31%, respectively, and compared with that of 32. 55% in the model group, the difference was significant (P<0. 05). The CK activity in the three QU groups was 779. 82, 793.90 and 870.86 U·L-1, respectively, which was significantly lower than that (1 123.78 U·L-1) in the model group (P<0. 01). The LDH activity in the three QU groups was 2 138. 21, 2 277. 40 and 2 416. 53 U·L-1, respectively, which was significant-ly lower than that (3 105.32 U·L-1) in the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with that (311.72 U·g-1) in the model group, the MPO activity in heart homogenate in the three QU groups was reduced to 185. 70, 190. 66 and 210. 03 U·g-1 , re-spectively (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Compared with that (119. 55 pg·ml-1) in the model group, QU (100 and 50 mg·kg-1) signif-icantly reduced the level of TNF-αto 97. 48 and 97. 54 pg·ml-1, respectively (P<0. 05). Compared with that (673. 34 pg·ml-1) in the model group, IL-1βlevel in serum in the three QU groups was evidently reduced to 419. 26, 438. 72 and 492. 53 pg·ml-1 , re-spectively (P<0. 01). Conclusion:The effectiveness of QU pretreatment in MI/R injury appears to be associated with the inhibition of neutrophil infiltration and expression of inflammatory cytokines.

AIM To investigate the effect of resveratrol on human liver cancer HepG2, and to study the function of resveratrol in inducing HepG2 apoptosis. METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with resveratrol at various concentrations. MTT assay was used to examine growth and proliferation of HepG2 cells after treatment with resveratrol for 24 hours. HE staining and electromicroscope were used to observe the morphology of apoptotic cells, and TUNEL, flow cytometry were also used to analyze the HepG2 apoptosis. RESULTS Resveratrol significantly inhibited growth and proliferation of HepG2 cells in dose dependent manner. And resveratrol also induced the apoptosis of HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION Resveratrol may inhibit HepG2 cell growth and proliferation through inducing apoptosis.

Traditional Chinese medicine teaching in general medical university was unsatisfied under the influence of many problems such as indefinite purpose,few class hours but many teaching contents,the different theoretical system between traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine,and theory divorced from practice etc.Therefore,the author suggested several measures that may help increasing teaching quality such as making definite course purpose and stimulating students' learning interest,enhancing training of imagery thinking,carefully electing teaching contents,integrating theory with practice and increasing clinical practice etc.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of treating Vetigo due to Vertebrobasilar Insufficient blood supply and hyperactivity of liver-Yang with Tianzhi Granules. Methods 118 cases were randomly recruited into a treatment group with 62 cases and a control group with 56 cases. On base of routine treatment, the treatment group was treated with Tianzhi Granules orally; and the control group was treated with Duflomed Hydrochloride orally. One course of treatment was 14 days. Results The total effective rates were 96.77%and 78.57% in treatment group and control group respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). The blood flow rat(BFR)of brain was improved in both groups, but the improvement of the BFR in brain was significantly better in the treatment group than the control group (P< 0.05). No adverse reaction was found in the treatment group. Conclusion Tianzhi Granules is effective and safe in treating Vetigo due vertebrobasilar insufficient blood supply.

OBJECTIVE：To establish a method for determination of baicalin in QiLiKeGanKang oral liquid.METHODS：The RP-HPLC method was employed taking Nova-pak C18 column as fixed phase and methanol-water-phosphoric acid(45∶ 55∶ 0.2)as mobile phase.Detection wavelength was 280 nm.RESULTS：The detection ranges were 0.179μ g～1.434μ g.The average recovery of baicalin was 101.35％ (RSD=2.40％，n=5).CONCLUSION：This HPLC method is convenient，rapid，accurate and could be used for quality control in the production of QiLiKeGanKang oral liquid.

OBJECTIVE: To study the status quo and features of serious ADR case in our hospital in order to improve the rational use of drug. METHODS: A total of 215 cases of serious ADR collected in our hospital in 2008 were evaluated and analyzed statistically, according to causality of ADR criteria. RESULTS: Sex and age have nothing to do with serious ADR. The ADR were predominantly induced by antimicrobial drugs accounting for 28.21% (n=101), followed by antipyretic,analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs and antirheumatic 12.85% (n=46) and TCM preparation 11.73% (n=42). Organs and systems involved in ADR were characterized by the damage of skin and its appendants (33.49%, n=73), followed by liver lesion in 70 cases (32.11%). 160 improved cases, 54 cured cases and 1 sequela cases were include in 215 cases of serious ADR reports. CONCLUSION: Several factors result in serious ADR,so rational use of drug should be enhanced to reduce and avoid occurrence of ADR and guarantee the safety and effectiveness of drug therapy.

Objective To analyze the radiological images of osteonecrosis in rare positions in recovered SARS patients, and to study the correlation with the hormone application.Methods The extremities of 41 SARS patients in the recovery stage from June to August in 2003 were examined by using X-ray and 0.5T MR scanner, then the correlation of MR examination results and the application of hormone was analyzed.The mean time interval between the imaging examination and initial hormone application was 88.2 days (66～106 days), the mean maximum hormone (metastab) dose was 392 mg (320-480 mg), and the average medication time was 47.2 days (30-70 days).Results The osteonecrosis of rare positions was revealed in 5 cases involving 11 positions, including bilateral heads of humerus (3), right scaphoid bone (1), right talus (1), bilateral calcaneus (1), and right ischium (1).The main MR manifestation was irregular abnormal signal.Osteonecrosis of right ischium was demonstrated on plain film in only one case.Conclusion MR examination, especially the multi-location scan is necessary in finding the osteonecrosis in SARS patients in the earlier phase.The hormone dose, the medication duration, the sensitivity to hormone, and the difference of individuals are important causes of osteonecrosis.