Human papillomaviruses are small DNA viruses and over 118 types have been identified. They often infect host through mucosal surface or skin. Some of them (types 6 and 11) cause benign tumors such as condylomas whereas others (16, 18 etc) cause malignant tumors such as cervical cancers. Currently, there are two kinds of HPV preventive vaccine have been approved to market abroad. This article reviews progress in the field of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) biology, mechanism of carcinogenesis by persistent infection of high risk HPVs, and the development of prophylactic and therapeutic viral vaccines.

Objective:To clone mouse signal transducers and activators of transcription(STAT) 4 and STAT6 gene and construct a eukaryotic expression plasimid.Methods:The cDNA of mouse STAT4 and STAT6 gene amplified with RT-PCR from normal mouse spleen tissue were cloned into pMD19-T vector by T/A ligation.After double digested,STAT4/STAT6 cDNA fragment was subcloned into pIRES2-EGFP vector to construct a eukaryotic expression plasimid.Restriction endonucleases analysis and sequencing were used to comform the recombinant plasimid.Results:The full length STAT4/STAT6 cDNA was correctly inserted into eukaryotic expression plasimid,and its sequencing was consistent with reported sequence derived from Genebank.Conclusion:The successful construction of eukaryotic expression plasimid provides a basis for futher studies on the infection of STAT4/STAT6 interaction to the downstream cytokines.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the forming technology of Duanxueliu dropping pills.METHODS:The forming technology of Duanxueliu dropping pills was optimized by orthogonal experiment with the type of matrix,the ratio of extractum to base material and the dropping temperature as factors and with RSD(weight variance of pills),the dissolution time,molding ratio of dripping pills as indexes,meanwhile,comprehensive scoring was carried out.The dripping conditions were optimized with dropping distance,dropping speed,the internal and external diameters of the burette as factors and with variation coefficient of pill weight as index.RESULTS:The optimized parameters for the forming technology were as follows:PEG6000 was used as base material with the ratio of extractum to base material at 1∶3 and the dropping temperature at 75 ℃.The optimized dripping conditions were as follows:the dropping distance was 10 cm;the dropping speed was 50～60 drops per minute;the internal diameter of the burette was 5.0 mm and the external diameter of the burette was 3.0 mm.CONCLUSIO-N:This forming technology serves as experimental basis for the preparation of Duanxueliu dropping pills.

Patients in Orthopedics have different psychological features in the stages of before treatment,the stage of treatment,the stage of rehabilitation and the stage of post-discharge.The health care workers should use language and non-verbal skills to communicate with patients according to their psychological characteristics,and adopt different communication skills with different individuals.A good communication not only reduces the disputes between doctors and patients,but also promotes physiologic and psychological rehabilitation.

A variety of heat shock protein 70(HSP70)-associated therapeutic vaccines including protein vaccine,peptide vaccine,tumor cell vaccine and DNA vaccine,have been developed and applied in anti-tumor immunotherapy,in which HSP70-fused DNA vaccine attracts our attention with its superiority.It not only induces consistent anti-tumor immune response but also helps sustain immune memory.In this article we reviewed the function and application of HSP70 in the therapeutic tumor DNA vaccine.

[Objective] To establish a method for determination of serum tryptophan and kynurenine in pregnant women.[Method] RP-HPLC was applied to analysis.C18 column was used.The mobile phase was composed of methanol-0.001M KH2PO4(PH=4)(12∶88).The UV detection wave length was 245nm.[Results] The linear response ranged from 2.56～307.06?mol?L-1 for tryptophan, r=0.9999.The linear response ranged from 0.12～5.05?mol?L-1 for kynurenine, r=0.9997.The mean concentrations of serum tryptophan and kynurenine were 49.73?7.48?mol?L-1 and 0.74?0.33?mol?L-1 respectively in 30 pregnant women.[Conclusion] The method is sensitive and suitable for the determination.

Objective The aim of the study was to examine the influence of clonidine and ketorolac pretreatment on cytokine response to abdominal surgery. Methods Twenty patients scheduled for upper-abdominal surgery were randomly allocated to two equal groups: (1) pre-emptive analgesia group: patients received oral clonidine 4?g/kg and ketorolac 10mg 1h before surgery and (2) control group: patients received placebo. Blood samples were taken 24h before surgery , 20min after induction of anesthesia (before surgery), 90min after induction (during surgery), and 0,1,2,4,6 and 24h after surgery for determination of serum tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?), interleukin-1?(IL-1?),interleukin-6(IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentrations.Results (1) In the control group, serum IL-6 concentration increased significantly during surgery and peaked at 2h after skin closure. In contrast serum IL-6 concentration in pre-emptive analgesia group increased significantly when the skin was closed and peaked at 4h after skin closure. IL-6 production in the pre-emptive analgesia group was less than that in control group at 0,1 and 2h after surgery(P

0.05). In bone defects PeroGlas granales bond to bone and new bone formation were observed 4 weeks after operation. The bone defects were repa ired by new bone 12 weeks after PerioGlas implantation. Conclusion: PerioGlas may induce new bone formation in osseous defects.

This paper was aimed to study the protective effects and related mechanisms of Zhen-Gan Xi-Feng (ZGXF) decoction containing serum on 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells.The ZGXF decoction containing rat serum with low-,medium-,and high-dose (8,16,or 32 g.kg-1) or blank serum was used to preprocess PC12 cells for 1 h,and cultured together with 100 μM 6-OHDA for 24 h.And then,cells were collected.The fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) and fluorescence microplate reader were used to detect the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS).Real-time quantitative PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2),Nfe2l2,heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1),glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc),and GCL modulatory subunit (GCLm).The luciferase report gene system was used to detect the antioxidant response element (ARE) activation.The results showed that ZGXF decoction-containing serum inhibited the 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress,upregulated the Nfe2l2,HO-1 and GCLc mRNA expressions in cells processed with 6-OHDA.However,it has no significant effect on GCLm mRNA expression.It was concluded that ZGXF decoction-containing serum had protective effects on 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress in PC 12 cells.Its mechanism may be correlated with the upregulation on Nfe2l2 mRNA expression,which activated ARE and further induced its downstream gene of phase Ⅱ detoxifying enzyme,as well as the HO-1 and GCLc mRNA expressions of antioxidant enzyme gene.

Objective To define a suitable and adequate sample volume for the detection of bacterial contamination in cord blood (CB) via BacT/ALERT system. Methods A total of 1 376 cord blood units were routinely screened for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms by culturing the erythrocyte fraction(EF) or plasma fraction(PF) with 20 ml and 10 ml sample volume. The microbial contamination was detected by BacT/ALERT 3D system, and the results of this method were compared with the improved Martin/thiogly collate broth(22 ℃) and thioglycollate broth(35 ℃).Results The rates of positive BacT/ALERT results were 1.16%(10 ml) and 1.24%(20 ml) for PF, and 3.20%(20 ml) for EF. The positive rate of Martin/thiogly collate broth(22 ℃/35 ℃) was 1.00% for EF. Conclusion Using BacT/ALERT system for microbial detection in cord blood bank can enhance the security of umbilical cord blood transplantation.