Human papillomaviruses are small DNA viruses and over 118 types have been identified. They often infect host through mucosal surface or skin. Some of them (types 6 and 11) cause benign tumors such as condylomas whereas others (16, 18 etc) cause malignant tumors such as cervical cancers. Currently, there are two kinds of HPV preventive vaccine have been approved to market abroad. This article reviews progress in the field of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) biology, mechanism of carcinogenesis by persistent infection of high risk HPVs, and the development of prophylactic and therapeutic viral vaccines.

Objective:To clone mouse signal transducers and activators of transcription(STAT) 4 and STAT6 gene and construct a eukaryotic expression plasimid.Methods:The cDNA of mouse STAT4 and STAT6 gene amplified with RT-PCR from normal mouse spleen tissue were cloned into pMD19-T vector by T/A ligation.After double digested,STAT4/STAT6 cDNA fragment was subcloned into pIRES2-EGFP vector to construct a eukaryotic expression plasimid.Restriction endonucleases analysis and sequencing were used to comform the recombinant plasimid.Results:The full length STAT4/STAT6 cDNA was correctly inserted into eukaryotic expression plasimid,and its sequencing was consistent with reported sequence derived from Genebank.Conclusion:The successful construction of eukaryotic expression plasimid provides a basis for futher studies on the infection of STAT4/STAT6 interaction to the downstream cytokines.

[Objective] To establish a method for determination of serum tryptophan and kynurenine in pregnant women.[Method] RP-HPLC was applied to analysis.C18 column was used.The mobile phase was composed of methanol-0.001M KH2PO4(PH=4)(12∶88).The UV detection wave length was 245nm.[Results] The linear response ranged from 2.56～307.06?mol?L-1 for tryptophan, r=0.9999.The linear response ranged from 0.12～5.05?mol?L-1 for kynurenine, r=0.9997.The mean concentrations of serum tryptophan and kynurenine were 49.73?7.48?mol?L-1 and 0.74?0.33?mol?L-1 respectively in 30 pregnant women.[Conclusion] The method is sensitive and suitable for the determination.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the forming technology of Duanxueliu dropping pills.METHODS:The forming technology of Duanxueliu dropping pills was optimized by orthogonal experiment with the type of matrix,the ratio of extractum to base material and the dropping temperature as factors and with RSD(weight variance of pills),the dissolution time,molding ratio of dripping pills as indexes,meanwhile,comprehensive scoring was carried out.The dripping conditions were optimized with dropping distance,dropping speed,the internal and external diameters of the burette as factors and with variation coefficient of pill weight as index.RESULTS:The optimized parameters for the forming technology were as follows:PEG6000 was used as base material with the ratio of extractum to base material at 1∶3 and the dropping temperature at 75 ℃.The optimized dripping conditions were as follows:the dropping distance was 10 cm;the dropping speed was 50～60 drops per minute;the internal diameter of the burette was 5.0 mm and the external diameter of the burette was 3.0 mm.CONCLUSIO-N:This forming technology serves as experimental basis for the preparation of Duanxueliu dropping pills.

Patients in Orthopedics have different psychological features in the stages of before treatment,the stage of treatment,the stage of rehabilitation and the stage of post-discharge.The health care workers should use language and non-verbal skills to communicate with patients according to their psychological characteristics,and adopt different communication skills with different individuals.A good communication not only reduces the disputes between doctors and patients,but also promotes physiologic and psychological rehabilitation.

A variety of heat shock protein 70(HSP70)-associated therapeutic vaccines including protein vaccine,peptide vaccine,tumor cell vaccine and DNA vaccine,have been developed and applied in anti-tumor immunotherapy,in which HSP70-fused DNA vaccine attracts our attention with its superiority.It not only induces consistent anti-tumor immune response but also helps sustain immune memory.In this article we reviewed the function and application of HSP70 in the therapeutic tumor DNA vaccine.

As an important kind of plant secondary metabolites and widely distributed in the plant kingdom, triter-penoid saponins have a variety of biological activities. The constitution and content of triterpenoid saponin are deter-mined by some key enzymes and their expressing level in triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis pathway. So, it is very important to illuminate the molecular mechanism of triterpenoid saponins biosynthetic pathway. In recent years, illu-mination of the entire biosynthetic pathway especially the confirmation and cloning of the key enzymes, such as squa-lene synthase, squalene epoxidase, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and UDP-glycosyltransferase, had become one of the hot spots by many scholars. In this paper, the entire biosynthetic pathway and some kinds of key enzymes in-volved in the synthesis of carbon skeleton, and its oxidation, and glycation were reviewed for further demonstrating the biosynthetic pathway of triterpenoid saponins and providing a theoretical basis for artificial biosynthesis.

0.05). In bone defects PeroGlas granales bond to bone and new bone formation were observed 4 weeks after operation. The bone defects were repa ired by new bone 12 weeks after PerioGlas implantation. Conclusion: PerioGlas may induce new bone formation in osseous defects.

Objective To investigate the myocardial protective effect of adenosine preconditioning against ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients who were undergone valve replacement during cardiac pulmonary bypass.Methods 42 patients scheduling for valve replacement operation were divided randomly into two groups:experiment group(n=23) and control group(n=19).Adenosine preconditioning were performed in experiment group before cardiac pulmonary bypass.To estimate the plasma level of cardiotroponin I (cTnI),creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB ),radialis arterial blood was drown at following time points respectively: before operation,30 minutes before and after aortic clamp,1 hour and 3 hours after aortic opened.Meanwhile the rate of heart spontaneous rebeating,defibrillation,arrhythmia and cardiac inotropic agents used and its duration were recorded.Results The elevated range of plasm cTnI and CK-MB in experiment group were obviously lower than that in control group.In experiment group,the rate of heart spontaneous rebeating were higher,but the frequency of defibrillation,arrhythmia and the cardiac inotropic agents used and its duration were lower than those of control group.Conclusion Adenosine preconditioning has notable clinical protective effects on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergone valve replacement during cardiac pulmonary bypass.

Objective: To evaluate biological materials tanned with a compound method for clinical performance of biovalves. Methods: The tissue calcium concentration was compared between biological materials tanned simply with amylic aldehyde and those compoundly tanned with amylic aldehyde, cation fat, chromium trioxide and glycerol. The histological morphology, the ultra-structure and tensile strength of the biological materials were tested and the content of hydroxyls in the materials was measured with the Fourier infrared spectrum detector. The prosthetic biological cardiac valves made of the materials were tested with an accelerated wearing device extracorporeally. Results: The tissue calcium concentration was lower in the compoundly tanned materials. In these materials, the collagenous fibers were dense and lined up in order. The cellular structure was maintained. The materials were pliable at the contracting temperature of 86℃ to 90℃. The tensile strength of the materials was 19.9 to 25.9 N/mm 2 and the extension rate was 43.4% to 46.0%. The peak of the hydroxyls decreased significantly at the wave length of 1741.11 cm -1 in the Fourier infrared spectrum. The swine aortic valve experienced 3.892?10 8 cycles in the accelerated wearing tests, and the bovine pericardial valve, 3.888?10 8 cycles. By estimation, the biovalves will last for about ten years. Conclusion: Compound tanning can increase firmness and softness of the materials and may play an important role in anticalcification of the biovalves.