OBJECTIVE To re-evaluate Bifidobacterium from microecological point of view. METHODS With the development of microecology,it is paid more and more attention to the medical field.The genesis and development of diseases were closely related with microbe imbalance.As a kind of common microbial population in intestinal tract,Bifidobacterium are one of the most important sources for the exploitation of microecological preparation.Bifidobacterium were re-evaluated by the reference review method. RESULTS This review is focused on the current situation,bioactivity,clinical application,and prospective of Bifidobacterium. CONCLUSIONS Bifidobacterium have good application prospects.

Objective To evaluate the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) value of mono-exponential diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) and the true diffusion coefficient(D) value, related diffusion coefficient(D*) value, perfusion fraction (f) value of bi-exponential model DWI in reflecting the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).Methods Using immunohistochemical staining method to detect VEGF expression in the 28 cases of gastric carcinoma tissue section and the surrounding normal gastric tissue.The differences of ADC value, D value, D* value, f value in different VEGF expression grading and gastric carcinoma classification were analyzed respectively.Results The differences of ADC value, D value, f value between different VEGF grading were statically significant,as the higher VEGF grading accompanied wth the lower ADC values, D value and the higher of f value;and the differences of the parameters between high and low differentiated gastric carcinoma were also statically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion The ADC value of mono-exponential DWI and the D value,f value of bi-exponential model DWI could evaluate the expression of VEGF and reflect the gastric carcinoma angiogenesis.

AIM To investigate the effects of ethyl acetate extract from Huangqi Injection (HQIEACE) on leucopenia mice.METHODS An experimental mouse model of leucopenia was induced by cyclophosphamide.NMR based metabolomic profiling technique coupled with multivariate statistical method was used for performing metabolomic analysis.RESULTS HQIEACE could elevate the levels of white blood cell,monocytes,neutrophils and lymphocyte in modeled mice.The levels of ten potential endogenous metabolites (lipid,leucine,3-D-hydroxybutyrate,lactate,alanine,pyruvate,creatine,scyllo-inositol,betaine and glucose) were reversed.CONCLUSION The metabolic pathways related to the pharmacological effects of HQIEACE on leucopenia are probably involved in body energy metabolism,amino acid metabolism,oxidative stress and choline metabolism.

Aim To compare cardioprotection effects between carvedilol and metoprolol in canine late reperfusion of acute myocardial infarction.Methods Eighteen anesthetized dogs were randomly divided into three groups: late reperfusion group(LR,n=6),late reperfusion after metoprolol treatment group(LR+M,n=6),and late reperfusion after carvedilol treatment group(LR+C,n=6),respectively orally giving physiological saline,metoprolol(1 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)),and carvedilol(1 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)) for seven days,and then late reperfusion of acute myocardial infarction model was made by ligating the coronary for 6 h,followed by reperfusion for 6 h.SOD,GR activity and MDA content of infarction brim myocardium were detected by colorimetry,Fas/FasL were detected by immunohistochemistry,apoptosis index(AI) were detected by TUNEL.Results Compared with LR,Myocardial MDA content in LR+C was decreased,and SOD and GR activities were significantly higher,but LR+M did not change.The expression of Fas/FasL and apoptosis index were significantly lowered in LR+M and LR+C,especially in LR+C.Conclusion Carvedilol and metoprolol have cardioprotection on late reperfusion of acute myocardial infarction,and carvedilol is superior to metoprolol and the pharmacological effects may due to its antioxidant effect.

Objective:To introduce the method of cylindrical abdominoperineal resection(APR)for low rectal cancer.Methods:Cylindrical APR was performed for 6 patients with advanced ultralow rectal cancer according to standard protocol in Stockholm from February to May in 2009.The procedure involved careful mobilization of the mesorectum as low as the origins of the levator muscle.After stoma formation,the abdomen was closed,the patient was rotated into the prone position,and an extended perineal dissection was performed.This included the sphinctercomplex and followed the inferior surface of the levators to a point laterally where they originated on the pelvic sidewall.This point should be just inferior to the level where the abdominal procedure was terminated.Results:The cylindrical technique removed more tissue in the distal rectum.There was no bowel perforation,perineal wounds were uneventfully.One patient developed perineal seroma.One patient developed peritoneocele hernia of pelvic floor.Conclusion:Cylin-drical APR performed in the prone position for low rectal cancer removes more tissue around the tumor that leads to a reduction in CRM involvement and intraoperative perforations,which should reduce local disease recurrence.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the knowledge of Helicobacter pylori infection among outpatients,analyzing the data and providing useful information and measures for H.pylori infected and uninfected patients. METHODS Questionnaires about the knowledge of H.pylori were operated on 286 patients randomly selected from patients taking gastrointestinal endoscopy in October,2005. RESULTS Among 286 patients investigated,177 cases(61.9%) took the examination for diagnosis,while 157 cases(54.9%) had upper abdominal symptom more than 12 months.There were 60% patients investigated who knew only 2 items from total(7 items) about H.pylori in the questionnaires,while 46.7% patients wanted to obtain the knowledge of the disease and instructions on health care from medical professionals.In addition,it showed that there was no close relation between education level and knowledge of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Investigating the knowledge of special disease,which mastered by the patients,will help to identify patients blind to the disease they have,and patients who are in need of health-care instructions.

Objective To decrease tumor local recurrence after abdominoperineal resection (APR)for low rectal cancer using cylindrical abdominoperineal resection. Methods From February 2009 to February 2010 cylindrical APR was performed in 15 patients of advanced ultralow rectal cancer at the Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, according to the standard protocol as described by Holm. The procedure involves careful mobilization of the mesorectum as far down as the origins of the levator muscle. Ater stoma formation, the abdomen is closed, the patient is rotated into the prone position, and an extended perineal dissection is performed. This includes the sphincter complex and the inferior surface of the levators to a point laterally where they originate on the pelvic sidewall. This point should be just inferior to the level where the abdominal procedure was terminated. The coccyx is often removed in continuity with the main specimen to improve direct visualization of the dissection.Results The cylindrical technique removed more tissue in the distal rectum. There was no bowel perforation, perineal wounds were primary healing. One patient developed perineal seroma. One patient developed peritoneocele hernia of pelvic floor. Conclusions Cylindrical APR performed in the prone position for low rectal cancer removes more tissue around the tumor that leads to a reduction in intraoperative perforations, which should reduce local disease recurrence.

Objective To explore the prognostic influence of combination therapy with mild hypothermia and edaravone for acute cerebral infarction.Methods Two hundred and forty-five cases of diagnosed as acute cerebral infarction within 72 hours of onset were randomly divided into four groups according to the doctor visiting time.All the groups were treated with routine drugs.Combined therapy group (65 cases ) was treated with mild hypothermia combined with edaravone.Mild hypothermia group (59 cases ) was treated with local mild hypothermia.Edaravone group (58 cases) was treated with edaravone.Control group (63 cases) was only treated with routine drugs.The European Stroke Scale (ESS) score was performed before treatment,30 days after treatment.The activity of daily living (ADL) scores were evaluated before treatment,30 and 90 days after treatment.Results ESS scores were (45.22 ± 16.94),(46.88 ± 22.54),(47.13 ± 10.92),(46.94 ± 16.41 ) scores before treatment in combined therapy group,mild hypothermia group,edaravone group,control group respectively.ALD scores were (20.54 ± 14.65 ),(20.94 ± 10.93),(21.83 ± 14.71),(23.61 ± 18.91 ) scores before treatment in combined therapy group,mild hypothermia group,edaravone group,control group respectively.There were no differences in ESS and ADL scores before treatment among the groups.ADL scores were higher 30,90 days after treatment in combined therapy group [(59.57 ± 30.99),(74.46 ± 25.61) scores] than those in mild hypothermia group [(43.91 ±27.61),(58.13 ±26.62) scores) and control group [(34.58 ±27.75), (45.56 ±26.10) scores] (P ＜ 0.05) and higher after 90 days treatment than that in edaravone group [(62.83 ± 28.74) scores] (P ＜ 0.05 ).ESS scores 30 days after treatment in combined therapy group [(72.24 ± 14.54) scores] were higher than those in mild hypothermia group [(65.88 ± 17.76) scores],edaravone group [(65.27 ± 18.02) scores],control group [(60.62 ± 14.97) scores] (P ＜ 0.05 ).The effectiveness in combined therapy group [63.08％ (41/65)] was higher than that in mild hypothermia group [42.37％(25/59)],edaravone group [41.38％ (24/58)] and control group [23.81％ ( 15/63 )] ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The mortality rate in combined therapy group [9.23 ％ (6/65)] was lower than that in mild hypothermia group[10.17％(6/59)],edaravone group[12.07％(7/58 )] and control group [12.70％ (8/63)],but there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion The combination therapy with mild hypothermia and edaravone can improve the prognosis of acute cerebral infarction.

Objective To discuss MRI manifestations of overlap syndrome of autoimmune liver diseases and the diagnostic value of the MRI .Methods Seven patients of overlap syndrome of autoimmune liver diseases were recruited .The MRI examination (inclu‐ding T1WI ,T2WI ,DWI and MRCP )were underwent on these patients .MR features of overlap syndrome were reviewed by two ra‐diologists by consensus .Two radiologists independently reviewed the studies in a blinded fashion .Results AIH/PBC 4 cases ,AIH/PSC 1 case ,PBC/PSC 1 case ,AIH/PBC/PSC 1 case was collected .MRI of AIH/PBC has the MRI feature of AIH and PBC .MRI of AIH/PSC has the MRI feature of AIH and PSC .MRI of PBC/PSC has the MRI feature of PBC and PSC .MRI feature of AIH/PBC/PSC has the MRI feature of AIH ,PBC and PSC .Conclusion If the patients who sufferd autoimmune liver diseases displayed the MIR images of other autoimmune liver diseases ,the patients were considered that had developed into overlap syndrome of autoim‐mune liver diseases .

BACKGROUND:Al ogeneic hematopoietic stem cel transplantation (HSCT) is one of the effective methods in the treatment of leukemia. The haploidentical HSCT is an option for the patients who need a HSCT without a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donor. OBJECTIVE:To study the clinical efficacy of HLA-haploidentical HSCT on leukemia and its complications. METHODS:A total of 23 patients (4 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 12 of acute myelogenous leukemia, and 7 of chronic granulocytic leukemia) who had been treated with HLA-haploidentical HSCT from November 2007 to March 2015 were enrol ed. Conditioning regimen I was set as cyclohexyl nitrosourea+cytarabine+busulfan+cyclophosphamide; regimen II as cyclophosphamide+total body irradiation;regimen III as fludarabine+cytarabine+busulfan+cyclophosphamide; and regimen IV as busulfan+cyclophosphamide. Cyclosporin A, mycophenlate mofetil, antithymocyte globulin and methotrexate were used to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Hematopoietic remodeling, complications and prognosis were observed in al patients undergoing HLA-haploidentical HSCT. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Of the 23 patients, 22 achieved reconstitution of the granulocyte series, and 19 achieved reconstruction of the megakaryocyte series. Additional y, there were 7 cases of acute GVHD and 4 of chronic GVHD. Transplant-related mortality was 22%(5/23) within 100 days post transplantation including graft failure, acute GVHD, intracranial hemorrhage and disseminated infections. There were 14 cases of disease-free survival from 100 days to 24 months post transplantation, 2 cases of death due to GVHD and fungal infection, or recurrence and chronic GVHD, and 2 cases of recurrence under treatment. These findings indicate that HLA-haploidentical HSCT is an effective approach for the treatment of patients with leukemia, which is worth further investigation in clinical practice.