Objective To explore the curative effect of ursodeoxycholic acid in treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and the effect on total bile acid (TBA) in post partum fetal umbilical venous blood .Methods 30 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy who were admitted into the Hospital Affiliated to Sichuan Medical University during January 2014 to December 2014 were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into observation group and control group ,15 cases in each group.The observation group were given ursodeoxycholic acid tablets while control group were injected with ademetionine butanedisulfonate .The curative effect of two kinds of drugs in treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was observed and the effect on total bile acid in post partum fetal umbilical venous blood was analyzed .ResuIts After treatment , the TBA and ALT of observation group were significantly lower than those pre-treatment and those of control group (P<0.05).There were no significant differences of TBIL and ALP between two groups and within groups.TBA and TBIL in post partum fetal umbilical venous blood of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference of ALT level between two groups .There were two cases of abnormal perinatal outcomes in observation group while seven cases in control group (χ2 =3.97, P<0.05).ConcIusion Ursodeoxycholic acid could effectively reduce the total bile acid levels in maternal and fetal umbilical vein blood, reduce the mortality rate of the fetal and improve the perinatal outcomes , with high security.

Objective The amount of neuroglobin(Ngb) in cerebral cortex after different post-traumatic time intervals were studied in order to find out the value of Ngb in estimating the survival time after trauma.Methods Moderate brain contusions in rats were made using free-falling-body impact device,The area and gray values of Ngb immunoreactive products(Ngb-IR)in the core of injury in cerebral cortex and penumbra and the contra lateral cerebral cortex at different time points after trauma were studied by immunohistochemical method and image analysis.Results The expression of Ngb in the core of injured cerebral cortex declined quickly and reached the nadir by 24 hours and remained at low level for long time.On the contrary,it rose quickly and reached the peak value at 12 hours in the penumbra surrounding the core of injury,then declined gradually and reached normal level at 8d to 16d.Image analysis revealed that the expression of Ngb-IR in the penumbra of injured cortex were stronger than that in the opposite side.Conclusion The amount of Ngb in cerebral cortex at the core and penumbra of injury changed regularly according to different time intervals after trauma.Ngb may play an important role in neuroprotection during acute phase of injury.

AIM　To elucidate the structure of the glycan of SPPA-1, a glycoconjugate isolated from Spirulina platensis. METHODS　Methylation analysis, GC/MS, and 1D, 2DNMR techniques were used to determine the structures of the glycoconjugate (SPPA-1). RESULTS　SPPA-1 was only composed of α-D-glucose and shown to be a (1→4) linked α-D-glucan to which a few glucosyl side chains are attached at O-6 of the glucosyl residues of the main chain. CONCLUSION　The glycan of SPPA-1 is a new glucan.

AIM:To investigate the effects of perfluorocarbon and ligustrazine on lung injury during liver transplantation in pigs with hepatopulmonary syndrome. METHODS:A hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) model of pig was established by chronic bile duct ligation. The animals were assigned randomly to 2 groups:(1) Perfluorocarbon in combination with ligustrazine treatment groups (PFCL group):the pigs were treated with intratracheal instillation of perfluorocarbon and ligustrazine; (2) The conventional mechanical ventilation group (MV group):all animals were subjected to mechanical ventilation and orthotopic liver transplantation. After 5 h the lungs were harvested for further analysis. RESULTS:The lung wet to dry weight radio,pulmonary permeation index and leukocyte count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) in PFCL group significantly decreased compared to MV group (P<0.05). Contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the lung tissue,plasma and BALF of pigs in PFCL group were significantly lower than those in MV group (P<0.05). Moreover,the activation of NF-κB was inhibited markedly by PFCL. CONCLUSION:Perfluorocarbon in combination with ligustrazine effectively reduces the PMN accumulation in the lungs,inhibits TNF-α and IFN-γ production and protects against lung injury during liver transplantation in pigs with hepatopulmonary syndrome.

AIM:To explore the safety of anesthesia for neonates by studying the effects of general anesthesia (GA) and spinal-epidural anesthesia (SA) on the levels of lactic acid, S100B, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malond-ialdehyde ( MDA) in the umbilical cord blood and placental stereological changes .METHODS:The singleton , term preg-nancy of 50 patients for elective cesarean section were assigned to 2 groups:GA group and SA group , with 25 patients in each group.Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of the parturient women were monitored and recorded at 6 time points.The Apgar score was calculated at 1 min and 5 min after birth.The gas analysis of the umbilical artery blood , S100B protein concentration, blood lactic acid, SOD and MDA were also measured .Stereological evaluation of the vascular adaptations in the human placental villous capillary was performed .RESULTS:BP, HR, Apgar scores, gas analysis, the pH value of the umbilical artery blood , the serum concentrations of S 100B protein and the length density of villous capillar-ies had no significant change between the 2 groups (P>0.05).The levels of blood lactic acid and SOD in GA group were significantly lower than those in SA group (P<0.01).MDA content and volume density of villous capillaries in GA group were significantly higher than those in SA group ( P<0.01 ) .CONCLUSION: General anesthesia for cesarean section was safety for neonates .However, as indicated by the oxidation index , general anesthesia may have some harmful effect on the neonates by oxygen free radicals .

The purpose of this study is to explore depression metabolic markers in rat hippocampus and to investigate the anti-depressant effect of genipin and its mechanisms using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabonomics. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure was conducted to establish the depressive rat model. At the beginning of the third week, genipin low dose (25 mg x kg(-1)), middle dose (50 mg x kg(-1)), high dose (100 mg x kg(-1)), and venlafaxine (50 mg x kg(-1)) were given to the CUMS rats separately once daily for two weeks except control and model groups. Rat hippocampus was analyzed by 1H NMR based metabonomics after drug administration for 2 weeks. Significant differences in the metabolic profile of rat hippocampus of the CUMS treated group and the control group were observed with metabolic effects of CUMS including decreasing in glycine and N-acetylaspartate, increasing in inositol, glutamate, lactate, glutamine, taurine and alanine. Genipin showed ideal antidepressive effects at a dose of 50 mg x kg(-1) in rats, decrease of inositol, glutamate, lactate, alanine were observed, while glycine and N-acetylaspartate were increased. Important influence has been found on normal nervous system function of these significant changed metabolites, which suggests that the antidepressant effect of genipin may be played by enhancing the activity of neurons in hippocampus, repairing and improving the function of the neuron. The metabonomics approach is an effective tool for the investigation of the anti-depressant effect and pharmacologic mechanisms of genipin.

Objective To understand and explore the personality characteristic of patients with migraine .To prevent and solve the health problems and provide scientific basis .Methods 100 patients with migraineurs were examined by self -edited question-naier and the Chinese version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory .86 effective questionnaiers which made up by 30 males and 56 females(aged from 18 to 65 ,46 years in average) were collected and analyzed .The subjects were grouped according to the gender ,and compared with the Chinese normal .Results In the male patients ,the measured scales of L ,HS ,D ,Hy ,Pd ,Pt and Ma appeared significantly higher than those in the normal males (P<0 .05) ,while in the female ,the measured scales of F ,Hs ,D , Hy ,Pa ,Pt and Ma appeared significantly higher than those in the normal females (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Patients with migraine have some changes in personality .Male patients and female patients were different .Eealy screening and intervention in the treatment of personality will help to improve the treatment of migraine effect .

Objective To study the location and significance of leptin and leptin receptor in rat submanibular gland. Methods Submandibular gland from SD rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin, leptin and leptin receptor immunohistochemical staining. Result The granular convoluted tube and striated duct were leptin and leptin receptor positive. The density of positive cells in granular convoluted tube were much high than those of in striated duct. The acini were negative.Conclusion leptin and leptin receptor were widly expressed in granular convoluted tube and striated duct. These results might indicate that submandibular gland participated in adjusting the balance of energy.;

Objective To explore changes of expression of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocam-pus of Aβ1-42-induced Alzheimer’s disease (AD) rat model. Methods Twenty-four SD rats were divided into control group, PBS group (PBS was injected into CA1 area of hippocampus) and AD model group (Aβ1-42 was injected into CA1 area of hip-pocampus). The escape latency was evaluated by Morris water maze in three groups. Nissl staining was used to detect the le-sions of hippocampal CA1 neurons. Levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in hippo-campus were measured by Western blot analysis. Real-time PCR was employed to examine the expressions of pro-inflamma-tory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and the mRNA expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-4, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β). Re-sults Rats subjected to Aβ1-42 injection in bilateral hippocampus led to a ability reduction of learning and memory, a loss of neurons in hippocampus and an increase in the expression of APP, and a decrease in PP2A expression in the hippocampus. In AD hippocampus, The mRNA expressions of the pro-inflammatory mediator, IL-1β, TNF-αand IFN-γ, were significant-ly up-regulated, but the expressions of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β, were markedly down-reg-ulated in AD group compared with those of control and PBS groups. Conclusion The pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory imbalance induced neuro-inflammation in AD rats, which was involved in pathogenesis of AD.

SUMMARY Behcet’sdisease(BD)isachronicvascularinflammatorydiseaseofunknowncauses.Itis called intestinal BD,when digestive tract is involved.To investigate small bowel feature of intestinal BD, we now report 5 intestinal BD cases undergone capsule endoscopy from December,2010 to April,2014 in Peking University People’s Hospital.General information,clinical feature and endoscopic feature were presented,and literatures were reviewed.There were 3 male and 2 female patients.Age range was from 23 to 55 years old (median age 40 years old).Disease course was from 3 days to 28 years (median course 9 years).4 patients were diagnosed as systemic BD,and the rest independent intestinal BD.4 systemic BD patients all presented as recurrent oral aphthous as initial symptom and had history of vulvar ulcer and skin lesion.They all had gastrointestinal symptoms,including retrosternal pain (2 cases),he-matochezia (3 cases),diarrhea (3 cases)and abdominal pain (2 cases).1 patient had a history of fis-tula of ileocecal junction and underwent caecectomy.5 patients all underwent whole digestive tract exami-nation by endoscopy,including gastroscopy,colonoscopy and capsule endoscopy.Except of 1 normal re-sult of colonoscopy,all endoscopy results revealed lesions.Capsule endoscopy results of all patients were abnormal.Types of small intestinal lesion were various,including ulceration,erosion,protrusion and vasculopathy.All digestive tract can be involved in BD patients.Capsule endoscopy can evaluate lesions throughout whole digestive tract,especially in small intestine.As a consequence,it is helpful to explain gastrointestinal symptom,increase early diagnostic rate.Intestinal BD (IBD)mainly involves small bow-el,and ileum is the major involved segment,not only limited in ileocecum.The updated perspective of IBD lesion distribution will contribute to differential diagnosis between IBD and Crohn’s disease.This is the first time to report capsule endoscopic feature of BD patients in China.