Recently,commercialized infant body plethysmography has been widely used in clinic and re-search,especially with the publication of recommendation for this equipment and methodology. As the most valu-able equipment in measuring airway resistance and lung volume,infant body plethysmography can show series of valuable data on lung function,which is important in assessing pulmonary growth and development,evaluating respiratory mechanics and helping diagnose disease. However,the application of infant body plethysmography in clinic and physiology measurements is still limited by the effectivity of this equipment and appropriate reference values. This review is to introduce body plethysmography in infants,describe frequently-used data of lung func-tion,and discuss its potential clinical significance and availability of reference values.

Objective To investigate the influence of recombinant neuregulin-1 beta (rhNRG-1β) on neural stem cell proliferation through extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway in oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) environment.Methods Neural stem cells were obtained from embryonic brain of mice pregnant for 14-17 d,cultured and identified by immunochemical staining through detection of the indicator nestin using the SABC-FITC (POD)double standard kit.Neural stem cells were divided into three experiment groups (OGD group,control group and OGD + rhNRG-1β group).Control group:identified neural stem cells,2 × 107,were cultured for 3 h in the 24-hole culture plate with DMEM/F12 complete culture medium;OGD group:neural stem cells,2 × 107,were cultured in the 24-hole culture plate deprived glucose DMEM/F12 in a wet airtight container (37 ℃ constant temperature),cells were cultured with mixed gas of nitrogen (950 ml/L) and oxygen (50 ml/L) for 1 h,and then the culture medium was replaced with complete culture medium and cultured for 3 h;OGD + rhNRG-1β group:before OGD intervention,100 μg/L rhNRG-1β was given for 3 h.Neurospheres formation:the three groups of stem cells were dispersed into single cells,1 × 106/ml cells were inoculated to culture plates containing cover slips coated with poly lysine,and cultivated for 7 d,and neurospheres formation of the 3 groups of neural stem cells was observed under microscope,which was aimed to record neural stem cells proliferation changes.Colony formation:the three groups of stem cells,vaccinated in 60 mm in a petri dish,2 × 107 in number,were cultivated in complete culture medium for 24 h.The colony formation of the three groups of cells was observed under microscope,and neural stem cells proliferation changes were observed.Western blotting:the change of phosphorylation ERK (pERK) protein of the three groups of stem cells was determined,and the effect of pERK protein expression regulated by rhNRG-1β in mice neural stem cells proliferation through ERK signaling pathway was observed.Results Microscopically the primary cultured stem cells grew in single or in pairs,in a round shape;neural stem cell proliferated in clumps or colony;neural stem cells expressed the specificity of nestin protein markers with fluorescent yellow-green color.The differences in the aspects of the average diameter of neurospheres and neurospheres quantity in the neural stem cells between groups were statistically significant (F =693.66,1 002.09,all P ＜ 0.01),and among them the neuropheres formation of OGD group was significantly suppressed.Formation quantity and average diameter in OGD group [(88.78 ± 7.14) numbers,(62.12 ± 2.52) μm] were significantly lower than those in the control group [(246.34 ± 8.67) numbers,(128.45 ± 2.33) μm] and those in OGD + rhNRG-1β group [(237.87 ± 6.61) numbers,(118.37 ± 2.71) μm,all P ＜ 0.01].The difference of colony formation rate of neural stem cell was statistically significant (F =132.03,P ＜ 0.01),and among them colony formation of OGD group significantly suppressed.Formation rate in OGD group [(11.65 ± 0.94)％] was significantly lower than that in the control group [(33.23 ± 2.93)％] and that in OGD + rhNRG-1β group [(31.42 ± 2.61)％,all P ＜ 0.01].Western blotting showed that the difference of pERK protein expression of neural stem cells between groups was statistically significant (F =63.76,P ＜ 0.01).Relative expression of the pERK protein in OGD group (0.487 ± 0.072) was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.013 ± 0.112) and that in OGD + rh-NRG-1β group (1.752 ± 0.278,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion rhNRG-1β preserves neural stem cell proliferation with phosphorylation ERK protein expression up-regulated in oxygen and glucose deprivation environment.

Objective To investigate the effects of Jiawei Wuzi Yanzong Pill and its components on central cholinergic system in the model mice with learning and memory disorders induced by scopolamine. Methods Mice were treated by Jiawei Wuzi Yanzong Pill and its components for 15 days and induced by ip scopolamine. After the experiment in Morris water maze, the content of acetylcholine and the activity of acetylcholinesterase from brains of mice were determined by colorimetry. Results Significant differences were observed between model group and naked group that the content of acetylcholine and the activity of acetylcholinesterase from brains of model mice were decreased (P 0.05). Conclusion Jiawei Wuzi Yanzong Pill and its components could improve the function of central cholinergic system by increasing the content of acetylcholine and the activity of acetylcholinesterase and possesses a certain preventive effects on mice with learning and memory disorders induced by scopolamine.

Objective To form the basis of establishing a strategy for safe blood donor recruitment and to identify and subdivide the structures of donors.Methods Demographic data of blood donors, and blood testing results of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, and syphilis, from Nov. 2004 to Jun. 2005, were collected and analyzed.Results Among the 45270 voluntary blood donors, the total positive test rate were 3.11%, which was related to age, level of education and occupation of blood donors. About 76.7% of donors were young people, aged from 18 to 30. As the age increased, female donors were less than male ones. Among all the donors, 81.6% received higher education, which had lower positive test rate than those with lower level of education. Among the 45270 donors, farmers had the highest positive test rate; workers and service people came the second; students and medical staff had the lowest. As to donors with incomplete record, the positive test rate was higher than those with complete record.Conclusion During blood donor recruitment, quality control is important. People younger than 30, with student or higher education background, are relatively safe to recruit.

Objective To find out factors influencing voluntary blood donation activities and establish the most appropriate method for recruiting blood donors. Methods Questionnaire investigation of donors and data analysis by SPSS+ software. Results In Chengdu city, 2385 residents' knowledge on nonrenumerated blood donation was as follows: among the 2385 residents, the percentage of people who knew the government policies of blood donation was high (87.5%), but the percentage having common knowledge of blood donation was only 29.4%, of risk behavior was 32.5%. Among the 1349 participants who had donated blood, the percentages having common knowledge of blood donation and risk behavior were 33.4% and 38.1% respectively, compared to the 1036 participants who never donated (24.2% and 25.1%, respectively)(P

Objective To investigate the effects of serum from rats with burn injury on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs). Methods Bone marrow was extracted from sacrificed Wistar rats and MSCs were then incubated in F-12 medium in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS) (group F),normal rat serum (group N),or serum harvested from rats with burn injury(group B). Cells of the fifth passage were harvested to investigate the expression of CK and FⅧ by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Results With immunohistochemical staining,both CK and FⅧ were positive in MSCs of group B and negative in the cells of the other two groups. The flow cytometry analysis showed that the positive rates of CK and FⅧ staining MSCs of group B were higher than that of the other two groups ( P 0.05). Conclusions The serum obtained from rats with burn injury could induce differentiation of MSCs to both epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells,implying that serum after barm injury might promote the MSCs to participate in the process of wound repair.

ObjectiveTo investigate and evaluate the depression in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods62 patients with type 2 diabetes (30 having complications, 32 not having complications) and 20 normal controls were assessed by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRSD) of Peking University PES Mental State Application System.ResultsThe HRSD total scores of diabetics were higher than that of normal controls, and scores of diabetics with complications were higher than that without complications (P<0.05). The scores of anxiety/somatization and cognitive disturbance of diabetics were all higher than that of normal control (P<0.05).The scores of sluggish, dyssomnia of diabetics with complications were higher than that of normal controls (P<0.05), but there was no difference between diabetics without complications and normal controls (P>0.05). The scores of changing at day and night, weight, and the despair feel of diabetics were not obviously different with that of normal controls (P>0.05).ConclusionThe diabetics are often companioned with depression, and more severe when having complications.

Objective To explore the surgery methods for multiple fibroadenoma of breast,provide a ref erence for the surgical treatment of breast multiple fibroadenoma.Methods The clinical data of 152 cases of breast multiple fibmadenoma admitted from January 2008 to October 2012 in Department of Breast Surgery,Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University were analyzed retrospectively.All the cases were applied intraoperative B-ultrasound guided,taken the areola incision through breast subcutaneous layer approach for resection of multiple breast fibroadenoma.The surgical incision design,surgical procedures and results of operations were analyzed.Results All 152 cases fibroadenoma were resected which were guided by B-ultrasound with areola incision.One month and three months after operation,the assessment of physician-patient for the scars were different.There was no significance in the Pearson Correlations which were 0.894 (P =0.106) and 0.905 (P =0.065),respectively.But twelve months later,it satisfied with the appearance of scar,either the patients or the doctors (P ＜ 0.05).The Pearson Correlation was 0.946 (P ＜0.001).Conclusions B-ultrasound guided areola incision through the breast subcutaneous layer approach could removal multiple breast fibroadenoma at one time,patients were satisfacted with the good cosmetic results,we believe this operation method has short operation time and good clinical value.

Objective To investigate the homology of methicillin-resistant Stphylococcusaureus(MRSA)from the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)of a children's hospital,and evaluate routes and preventive strategies of MRSA healthcare-associated infection(HAI). Methods MRSA strains from neonates and environment of NICU between October and December 2014 were collected,and strains were identified by VITEK-2 microbial analysis system and cefoxitin Kirby-Bauer method,homology of MRSA was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE ). Results A total of 6 MRSA strains were isolated from NICU between October and December 2014,3 of which (bed-58,70,and 100)were detected MRSA from specimens,MRSA were isolated from neonatal incubator and nurse (nasal swabs and hands)who cared for neonate at bed 58. 5 of 6 MRSA strains were homology,antimicrobial susceptibility testing result showed that No. 1-5 strains were resistant to clindamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,No. 6 strain was slightly different from No. 1-5 strains,No. 6 strain was susceptible to both clindamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. PFGE results showed that No. 1-5 strains were of the same type,No. 6 strain was a different type. Conclusion The main route of this MRSA transmission is contact transmission,especially through the hands of health care workers,identification and analysis of epidemic strains by PFGE technique is an effective measures to prevent HAI outbreak and perform epidemiological study.

AIM: To develop the methods for the quantitative analysis of gallic acid and total phenolic acid in Sedum Aizoon L. METHODS: Gallic acid was analyzed by HPLC on a Hypersil BDS C_(18) column and detected at 271 nm.The mobile phase was methol-water(adjusted to pH=3.0 with H_3PO_4)(90∶10)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.Total phenolic acid was analyzed by spectrophotometry at 720 nm.The colour-developing agent was the mixture solution of 0.6%FeCl_3—0.9%K_3[Fe(CN)_6](1∶0.9). RESULTS: Calibration graphs were constructed in the range of 0.343 0-1.200 ?g(r=0.999 7) for gallic acid and 0.4640-2.320 ?g/mL(r=(0.999 3)) for total phenolic acid.The average recoveries were 97.91%(n=6) for gallic acid and 99.21%(n=6) for total phenolic acid.The RSD of the methods were 1.8% and 2.0%,respectively. CONCLUSION: The methods were fast,reliable,accurate and suitable for analysis of gallic acid and total phenolic acid and quality control in Sedum Aizoon L.