Objective:To explore the roles of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) in diabetic reti nopathy.Methods:The serum levels of IGF-1 and TNF-? in 127 cases of type 2 diabetic patients (DM group) and 36 cases of health control (control group) were detected by ELISA method. Results: (1)The serum level of IGF-1 in DM group were lower than that in control group(P

50 mm/h were detected in all the patients. Decreasing C 3 in 6 patients and C 4 in 5 were found. Conclusions SLE is one of the general conditions causing retinal vein occlusion. Visual acuity and barrier of retinal vein and capillary are damaged seriously in patients with retinal vein occlusion caused by SLE, which may be accompanied with other ocular or general lesions. It is suggested that retinal vein occlusion is relative with SLE activity.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristic of ocular fundus complications in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods In 25 cases of SLE with the ocular fundus complications, the ocular fundus, the other ocular tissues, general lesions,and antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA(anti-dsDNA), complement 3 (C 3), complement 4 (C 4)and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) were analyzed retrospectively. Results In the 25 cases, "classic" SLE retinopathy in 15 (25 eyes), retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in 9 (12 eyes), RVO combined with retinal artery occlusion in 1 (2 eyes), exudative retinal detachment in 1 (2 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage combined with neovascular glaucoma in 1 (1 eye), and optic disc edema except RVO in 3 (6 eyes) were found. Nine cases accompanied with other ocular signs and 21 with general lesions. Positive ANA and anti-dsDNA and elevated ESR in all of the patients, decreasing C 3 in 19, and C 4 in 17 were found. Conclusions SLE can cause serious ocular fundus complications accompanied with other ocular signs. Regular ophthalmic examination should be performed on the patients with SLE to detect and treat the ocular complications promptly.

Guanylin family, described in recent 10 years, is a series of small peptides (including guanylin, uroguanylin and lymphoguanylin) with structural and functional similarities to heat-stable enterotoxins (STs) elaborated by various pathogenic bacteria. They are abundance of cysteines and are endogenous activators of guanylyl cyclase-C (GC-C) receptors. Immunoreactive guanylin family peptides are localized in many human organs and tissues, especially in gastrointestinal tract and kidney, and play an important role in regulation of water and salt homeostasis. Recent studies showed that the mRNA levels of guanylin family peptides were down-regulated in colorectal cancers; oral intake of uroguanylin might suppress polyp formation in Apc(Min/+) mouse, and ~(111)In-labeled-ST peptide analog might specifically target human colon cancers. These evidences highlight that guanylin family may have a potential application in diagnosis and therapy effects of colorectal cancers.

Objective To understand the dietary intake of pregnant women, and try to give a reasonable sug-gestion to promote fetal development. Methods 400 pregnant women in Fushan city were enrolled in this study and their dietary intake were investigated, then the software of Analysis of pregnancy nutrition guidance system was used to make nutrition analysis. Results The ratio of the energy in each pregnancy provided by dietary protein, carbohy-drate and fat were relatively appropriate. But the intake of dietary calcium, ferrum, zinc, vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 in early pregnancy were very low, the intake were respectively 764.51 mg, 26.94 mg, 15.71 mg, 1.12 g, 1.13 g. Each pregnancy the ratio of high-quallty protein in total protein intake were more than 50%, an average protein RNI% was 48.50%. Conclusion The dietary style of pregnant women is relatively reasonable. But they should strengthened nutritional guide to intake more calciuro,ferrum, zinc,vitamin B1 and vitamin B2.

Objective To observe the influence of individualized health eduction on the metabolic index in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and thus explore the effective measures of altering life style of patients.Methods The health education plan was made by nurses specialized in diabetes mellitus in 58 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a manner of one nurse to one patient.Metabolic indexes such as BMI,FPG,2hPG and HbAlc were observed after the execution of the plan.Results BMI,FPG,2hPG and HbAlc were all loweled 6 months and 12 months after the execution of the plan compared with those baseline values of these indexes,and more than 90％ patients could persist in the dietary and physical treatment.Conclusions Individualized health education can alter the metabofic indexes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus better.The way of one to one can enhance the effectiveness of the education,make the patients culture good life style by themselves and thus delay the occurrence and development of chronic complications associated with diabetes mellitus.

The transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) is a non-invasive detection methods of evaluating intracranial artery.Since the 1980s,TCD has been extensively used in various fields of clinical work.Because of its simple operation,good repeatability,and the continuous bedside observation of patients,TCD is especially suitable for severe patients.Increased intracranial pressure is one of the important reasons for the deadly disease in children,it can make the cerebral blood flow perfusion decreased,causing serious consequences,such as brain dysfunction,so intracranial pressure monitoring has important clinical significance.TCD as a noninvasive monitoring tool,can monitor the patients with increased intracranial pressure dynamically,according to the blood flow velocity,the related parameters and the wave of cerebral hemodynamics,so as to achieve the purpose of monitoring intracranial pressure change.This article focused on the TCD application progress in several common children's diseases of increased intracranial pressure.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the situation of ADR reporting entities in Henan province and Hebei province to pro-vide reference for the improvement of ADR monitoring. METHODS:Literatures were consulted to investigate the ADR monitoring at home and abroad. With the subject of ADR reporting entities(pharmaceutical manufacturers,drug distributors and medical insti-tutions)in Henan and Hebei province,questionnaires and descriptive statistical analysis were conducted to analyze the results. RE-SULTS:186 valid questionnaires were received. There were respectively 58 and 62 ADR reporting entities with ADR monitoring de-partment in Henan and Hebei province,all of them had personnel who were responsible for ADR;ADR monitoring mostly belonged to quality control department in pharmaceutical manufacturers and drug distributors,and pharmacy department in medical institu-tions;most were equipped with computer,printer,phone and other basic office equipments;most were not clearly for major duty;there were respectively 24 and 2 entities with special budget for ADR monitoring;95.7% and 96.8% had communication with the local ADR monitoring centers,however,the information feedback was not ideal;86.7%and 98.9%had training for the stuff;stan-dard operation procedure was relatively good in Hebei province;96.7% and 98.9% would report ADR immediately after finding ADR,92.3% and 97.8% would record and backup the reported ADR;the form mainly by network report;the average degree of satisfaction evaluation in Henan province was higher than Hebei. CONCLUSIONS:According to the results,it is suggested to pro-mote the implementation of ADR monitoring by optimizing the work conditions,ensuring work fund and strengthening work feed-back.

OBJECTIVE:To understand the present situation of ADR reporting entities in Shaanxi and Sichuan province,and provide evidence for the improvement of ADR monitoring. METHODS:Getting the overview of ADR monitoring at home and abroad by reading a lot of literature,the ADR monitoring entities(drug manufacturers,drug distributors and medical institutions) in Shaanxi and Sichuan province were selected as subject for cluster sampling,questionnaires were sent out and descriptive statis-tics analysis was adopted to processing and analyze the results. RESULTS:Totally 198 questionnaires were received,100 for Shaanxi province and 98 for Sichuan province. In Shaanxi and Sichuan province,there are 61 and 63 investigated subjects had es-tablished ADR monitoring departments,98.0% and 100% had had personnel for the ADR work;ADR monitoring work mostly be-longed to the quality control department in drug manufacturers and drug distributors,and belonged to pharmacy department in medi-cal institutions;most of them were equipped with computer,printer and other basic office equipment;however,the major duty of most was not clearly;13 and 23 subjects had special budget for ADR monitoring;87 and 89 subjects had communication with lo-cal ADR monitoring center,however,the information feedback was not very ideal;training the workers accounted for 80.0% and 83.0%,respectively;in terms of system construction,the standard operation procedure was relatively good,and the other related was not ideal;reporting quickly when finding ADR was 89.0% and 96.9%,88.0% and 96.9% of which had backup records for ADR reporting,it was mainly network report;Shaanxi province was better than Sichuan province about the satisfaction evaluation of ADR work. CONCLUSIONS:According to the results,it is suggested to adjust the structure of workers,buy related software re-source,improve the responsibilities and strengthen the financial support to promote the implementation of ADR monitoring.

Objective:To investigate changes in the circum-maxillary sutures during alternate maxillary expansions and constrictions in a rat model.Methods:Twenty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old)were used and divided into three groups.In maxillary expansion (ME)group (n=9),an expander was activated for 5 d,and then sacrificed.In alternate maxillary expansions and constrictions (Alt-MEC) group (9 animals),an alternate expansion and constriction protocol (5 d expansion and 5 d constriction for one cycle)was conducted for 2.5 cycles (25 d total),and then sacrificed.The control group com-prised 4 animals with no appliances used,each of two sacrificed on day 5 and day 25 ,respectively.Cir-cum-maxillary sutures (mid-palatal,maxillopalatine,premaxillary,zygomaticotemporal,and frontonasal suture)in each group were characterized histologically.Results:Histological findings of circum-maxil-lary sutures:in control group,the normal sutures were divided into 5 zones,the center was polygon mesenchyme zone,the lateral was mature chondrocyte zone,the next lateral was bone tissue.In ME group,the mid-palatal suture was expanded after ME,the fibre and connective tissue were extracted and invaded into cartilage zone.Osteoblast hyperplasia and new bone formation occurred.The orientation of the new bone trabecula was consistent with force.The osteoclast appeared in some area.Findings of other sutures were similar with those of control group,osteogenesis was active in some area without obvious re-construction in Alt-MEC group,mid-palatal suture and other sutures in some area were widened after Alt-MEC with much more osteoblast hyperplasia and new bone formation.Fibre and connective tissue were extracted,distorted or even broken.Sutures in some areas were narrowed with osteoblast cytopenia and osteoclast hyperplasia.Fibre and connective tissue compressed because of the different force and orienta-tion.Osteoclast count results showed that compared with the control group,the number of the osteoclast was increased only in the palatal suture in ME group (P<0.05 ).Other sutures did not show obvious changes (P>0.05).In Alt-MEC group,the numbers of the osteoclast in circum-maxillary sutures were the most,and had statistical significances (P<0.05 ).Conclusion:These results suggested that cir-cum-maxillary sutures were actively reconstructed after Alt-MEC.while only midpalatal suture had active reaction after ME.