BACKGROUND:Studies demonstrated that,the probability of middle and distal end of femur bone fatigue or fracture reaches maximum when the moving loads increase or under an impact load.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the stress-strain distribution,principle stress vectors and displacements of femur during gait.METHODS:The contour curves of femur and muscles attached to femur were extracted slice by slice based on the serial CT data from a healthy male volunteer,which were used to build musculoskeletal system models.And the straight-line muscle models of the lower extremities were constructed to evaluate muscles forces and joints forces by using a multi-objective optimization method based on gait analysis.The finite element models of femur during gait were built by taking muscle forces and joint forces as boundary conditions in ANSYS 10.0 to obtain the stress-strain distribution and displacements.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The maximal displacement occurred on the femur head,and the maximal stress occurred in the middle and distal end of femur during the whole gait.There exists bigger tensile stress in the location of the femur neck and middle and distal end of corpus ossis femoris.The result validates the fact that femur fracture often happens at the middle and below of femur stem from the viewpoint of biomechanics.

BACKGROUND:Wnt5a is able to inhibit canonical Wnt signaling and activate non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In recent years, it has been found that non-classical Wnt5a/PCP signaling pathway mediated by Wnt5a plays an important role in the process of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel proliferation and differentiation, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the progress in downstream effector molecules related to Wnt5a/PCP signaling pathway, and its roles in the chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s.
METHODS:A computer-based online search of CqVip, CNKI and PubMed databases between January 2000 and February 2016 was performed using the Chinese keywords of“BMSCs, Wnt signaling pathways, chondrogenic differentiation, osteogenic differentiation”and English keywords of“BMSCs, chondrogenic differentiation, osteogenic differentiation, Wnt, Fzd, Ror2, RhoA, ROCK, JNK”, respectively. Literatures related to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation were selected. Final y, 43 eligible articles were included for analysis through excluding the old and repeated research.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Wnt5a, a representative protein in non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, paticipates in the cytoskeleton, cel migration and cel polarization and other activities by mediating its downstream signaling molecules such as Fzd, Ror, RhoA, ROCK, JNK, thereby regulating its proliferation and differentiation. But it is unclear how Wnt5a/PCP participates in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation and how the downstream effector molecules interact or function independently, which requires further studies.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of geniposide in TCM callus convenient wipes drug solution. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric(10:90,V/V)at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,column temperature was 30 ℃,detection wavelength was 236 nm and the volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of geniposide was 0.104 1-1.041 μg (r=0.999 8);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2%;recovery was 99.04%-100.82%(RSD=0.85%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate,reproducible,and can be used for the content determination of geniposide in TCM callus convenient wipes drug solution.

BACKGROUND: An ideal model of osteonecrosis of the femoral head is beneficial to the study on the cause of disease, pathogenesy and treatment. So far there has not been a coherent method to prepare this model. OBJECTIVE: To establish a rabbit model of osteonecrosis of femoral head induced by microwave heating, and to decide optimum microwave temperature and heating time.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal trial.SETTING: Animal Experimental Center of Kunming Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed at the Animal Experimental Center of Kunming Medical College between September 2004 and November 2005. Forty-eight healthy adult New Zealand rabbits, either male or female, were provided by the Animal Experimental Center of Kunming Medical College. The animal procedure was accorded with the ethical standards. GW-92C multi-functional microwave therapy apparatus was the product of Grand World Medical Apparatus (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. METHODS: The microwave antenna was inserted into the rabbit femoral head. Ninety-six femoral heads in forty-eight rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n =24) according to the microwave temperature and heating time: microwave heating at 50 ℃ for 10 minutes group; 55 ℃ for 10 minutes group; 50 ℃ for 20 minutes group and 60 ℃ for 10 minutes group. The models of osteonecrosis of femoral head were induced by microwave heating using multi-functional microwave therapy apparatus according to the temperature and heating time of grouping. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In each group, two rabbits (four femoral heads) were killed immediately, one, two, four, eight and twelve weeks after operation, respectively. A series of examinations were carried out, including gross observation, X-ray to observe bone trabecular arrangement, cystis degeneration, head collapse or hip joint destruction, MRI to observe the necrotic area, and HE staining to observe the osteonecrosis and bone repair. RESULTS: Marrow tissues partially coagulated in the microwave heating at 50 ℃ for 10 minutes group at the end of the 1st week, and the osteonecrosis returned to normality at the end of the 8th week. In 55 ℃ for 10 minutes group, marrow tissues were completely coagulated at the end of the 1st week, and decreased signal on T1 weighted images and increased signal on T2 images were identified at the end of the 2nd week. In the 4th week, bone repair was found simultaneously when osteonecrosis occurred. At the end of the 12th week, the osteonecrosis continued and the repair stopped, and the femoral head collapse occurred. All femoral heads collapsed at the end of the 8th week in 50 ℃ for 20 minutes group and 60 ℃ for 10 minutes group. CONCLUSION: Microwave heating at 55 ℃ for 10 minutes is the optimal choice to develop a rabbit model of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Objective To investigate the correlation between IL‐18 and deep venous thrombosis disease and its clinical significa‐tion .Methods To detect the expression of IL‐18 by ELISA ,we collected the blood samples of DVT patients as the experimental group(n=40) compared to the control group(n=40) and normal group(n=20) .IL‐18 over expression/interference vectors were constructed and transfected human vein endothelial cells ,analyzed by microarray and KEGG Pathway as biology information tech‐nology .Then discuss the association between IL‐18 and DVT .Results Results of ELISA showed that compared with control group and normal group ,the expression of IL‐18 gene in DVT patient were up‐regulated(F=11 .248 ,P<0 .01) .Compared with normal group ,the IL‐18 expression in control group have not been significantly up‐regulated(P>0 .05) .Immunofluorescence detected IL‐18 gene expression in cytoplasm of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) .According to the microarray analysis we found in the IL18‐pCDH‐GFP transfected cells 17 signaling pathways were down‐expressed while 16 signaling pathways were up‐expressed .Compared with normal group cells ,in the IL18‐LMP‐shRNAmir1 transfected cells 23 signaling pathways were down‐ex‐pressed and 9 signaling pathways were up‐expressed .Conclusion Based on the above experimental data ,it is very clear that IL‐18 influenced HUVECs and plays an important role in DVT ,it is possible to predict the diagnosis of DVT and act as candidate molecu‐lar markers .

Objective To compare the bone microstructure and osteoblast and osteoclast activity in different regions of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.Methods The osteonecrosis femoral heads were collected from 10 patients (Ficat Ⅳ) who had undergone total hip arthroplasty from March 2011 to May 2013.There were 6 males and 4 females.Their average age was 47.7 years old (range,40-57 years).The samples were divided into subchondral bone region,necrotic region,sclerosis region and healthy region according to radiographic results,then the bone microstructure,micro mechanism and osteoblasts/osteoclasts activity were analyzed byMicro-CT,RT-PCR,Nanoindentation,immunohistochemistry and Trap staining.Results According to the micro-CT results,the continuity of trabecular bone in necrotic region was damaged.The number of trabecular was increased and the gap was narrowed in sclerosis region.The shape and number of trabecular bone were normal in the healthy region.The elasticity moduli in different regions were:subchondral bone region 13.808±4.22 GPa,necrotic region 13.999±3.816 GPa,sclerosis region 17.266±3.533 GPa and healthy region 11.927±1.743 GPa.The hardness were subchondral bone region 0.425±0.173 GPa,necrotic region 0.331±0.173 GPa,sclerosis region 0.661±0.208 GPa,and healthy region 0.423±0.088 GPa.The trap staining of subchondral bone in healthy region and necrotic region were positive while other regions were negative.Immunohistochemistry staining showed that compared with necrotic region,the RANK and RANKL staining level increased significantly in subchondral bone and necrotic region,while Runx2 and BMP2 staining level increased significantly in sclerosis region.Conclusion The mechanical properties of trabecular have no significant difference between necrotic region and healthy region in the progress of the osteonecrosis,while the bone structure has obvious changes.An active bone resorption is observed in subchondral bone and necrotic region,while a higher bone formation activity is found in sclerosis region.

Objective To explore the depression status of the liver transplant recipients after the surgery and the impact factors.Method Forty two liver transplant recipients were assessed at 5 different time points(1 month,6 months,12 months, 24 months,36 months after the transplantation)using general information questionnaire(GIQ),social support rating scale(SSRS) and self-rating depression scale(SDS).Results After the transplantation,the longer recipients lived,the less depression they underwent.Age and post-operative objective support are the two major factors on depression status of the liver transplant recipients Conclusion The clinical and community nurses may pay attention to the mind state of the recipients after liver transplantation,and provide mental nursing in time and social support to prevent and improve the state of their depression.

Objective To explore the mutation of Y-STR loci in meiotic allelic transmission in a large pedigree. Methods The oral swabs of 163 male individuals were collected froma L in pedigree. Twenty-two Y-STR genetic markers were typed with AGCUY 24 fluorescent detection kit (AGCUY 24 sys-tem), which also contained 16 Y-STR markers included in Y filerTmmultiple amplification kit (Y filer system). The genotyping results of Y-STR loci were compared between each two males in the pedigree. Results There were 20 and 30 kinds of haplotypes obtained with Y filer and AGCUY 24 systems in 163 male individuals fromthe L in pedigree, respectively. The rates referred to haplotype differences (RRHD) of these two typing systems between male pairs were 0.910 5 and 0.922 7, respectively. The average number of marker differences were 6.582 1 and 9.824 8, respectively. The RRHDincreased along with the incidents of meiosis. Conclusion Y-STR mutation leads to different Y-STR haplotypes among the male members in a paternal pedigree and the rate of difference increases along with the incidents of meiosis.

A method for the suppression of geomagnetic field interference is here-in introduced. It is designed for use in the magnet locating system of the engineering-based microcapsule inside the alimentary tract. This method marks the geomagnetic field interference levels by getting the static value. Then subtracting the static value from the dynamic value. The results of the experiment show that the method can assess the geomagnetic fi eld interference levels around thelocating waistcoat accurately. And the three-dimensional tracking trajectory shows that the method has greatly improved the accuracy of the capsule location inside the alimentary tract.
Biosensing Techniques ; instrumentation ; Capsule Endoscopy ; economics ; methods ; Computer Simulation ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Equipment Design ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; physiology ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Phantoms, Imaging

Objective To explore the different apoptotic gene expressions and apoptotic signaling transduction of human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells infected by enterovirus 71 (EV71) in different stage.Methods The survival of EV71-infected RD cells was observed by trypan blue staining.The apoptotic morphology and rates of RD cells were surveyed and detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry,respectively.PCR array was employed to analyze 88 apoptotic gene expressions from EV71-infected RD cells at 8 h and 20 h postinfection (p.i),respectively.Results After RD cells were infected with EV71 (MOI =5) at 8 h p.i,the viability was significantly decreased.Flow cytometry data demonstrated that the apoptotic rates of EV71-infected RD cells had increased to 18.0％ and 19.1％ at 20 h p.i in early and later stage respectively.RT-PCR array studies revealed significant variations in the expression of apoptotic genes.Among 88 genes,only the expression of IFN-β1 was upregulated 5.22 folds,whereas 47 genes including ACIN1,Akt,Apaf1,caspase and CIDEB were found to be downregulated that were lower than 2 folds at 8 h p.i.However,28 genes including FasL,CD40L,TNF,caspase-10 and caspase-3 were induced more than 2 folds after EV71 infection at 20 h.Conclusion The downregulation of apoptosis-related genes is associated with viral apoptosis-suppressing effect in RD cells in the early stage of EV71 infection.The death receptor signaling pathways including Fas/FasL and TNF/TNFR are activated to induce cell apoptosis in the late stage of EV71 infection.Moreover,host cell can also inhibit apoptosis by regulating signal pathway of CD40/CD40L,NF-κB/RelA and PI3K/Akt activation.