OBJECTIVE:Suggest to improve the quality standard of toxic traditional Chinese medicines.METHODS:The"content determination"and"limit test"of 72 toxic traditional Chinese medicines recorded in Chinese pharmacopoeia(2005 edition) were briefly introduced.RESULTS:Only 11%of the total 72 toxic traditional Chinese medicines had the items of both"content determination"and"limit test".CONCLUSION:The quality standard of toxic traditional Chinese medicines should be improved to achieve quality control in accordance with the standard of"low toxicity but high effectiveness"so as to ensure safe and effective drug use in the clinic.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of micro-powder technique on the application of traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS:The physical property of the micro-powder and its effect on curative effect, toxicity and pharmaceutical engineering were analyzed. The efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine micro-powder was compared with traditional pieces and decoction. RESULTS:As compared with traditional pieces and decoction, traditional Chinese medicine micro-powder represented many advantages but there were a series of problems such as the change of curative effect and the toxicity in the process of application. CONCLUSION:The micro-powder technology is beneficial exploration to the traditional Chinese medicine dosage-form reform, which should be paid attention and studied.

Objective To study CT and MRI value in diagnosis of osteoblastoma,in order to achive more information about the disease. Methods The clinical,CT,MRI and histological data of 12 patients with osteoblastomas. Results(1)There were 6 patients wereexamined by CT,the lesions showed mainly lytic with varying degrees of matrix mineralisation,and mild adjacent reactive sclerosis;(2)10 patients were examined by MRI(included 4 patients who have been examined by CT),the lesions presented mixed signal intensity with compart,slightly low and intermediate signal intensity on T_1-weighted images,high signal intensity on T_2-weighted images were found in 9 cases and mainly low signal intensity was found in 1 case.8 cases showed clear low signal intensity surrounding the lension borh on T_1 and T_2,2 cases showed blurry high signal in the adjacent tissue;(3) The tumors presented moderate enhancemen with low dense area inside the lesions after injection of contrast media. Conclusion Osteoblastomas have classical features on CT,while show no characteristic appearances on MRI.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the yield of cinnaldehydum from Cinnamomum cassia by TCM decoction machine or stainless steel pot at different decoction time, and to determine the appropriate decoction method of C. cassia. METHODS: The content of cinnaldehydum from C. cassia was determined by HPLC. T-test of data and results was conducted. RESULTS: At different decocting time, the yield of cinnaldehydum from C. cassia by TCM extraction machine was higher than by stainless steel pans (P

Questions on Typhoid Theory is a representative academic book of ZHU Wei-ju,a well-known TCM doctor of Shanghai in the period of the republic of China.The thoughts of the book is based on human body itself,advocating focusing on body itself not diseases,self recovery and natural therapy.Because he put human in the first place,he got excellent therapeutic effects in clinic.

After analyzing texts of ShangHanLun in this article,the author believes that ZHANG Zhong-jing's theory of treatment by di erentiation of syndrome is featured as:①Di erent treatments are given to the same disease based on the patient's speci c conditions such as cold,heat,de ciency and excess.②The illness develops in di erent way based on constitutional di erences.③Distinction must be done based on the location and character of illness.④The treatment must be changed based on the di erentiation of syndrome.ZHANG's treatment by di erentiation of syndrome is not only a great inspiration to the physicians in later generations but also provides great guidance to treatment by TCM.

The Book of Huo You Xin Shu was written by Zeng Shirong,a famous pediatrics doctor in Yuan Dynasty.Based on his ancestors' experiences,together with his own long-term clinical practices,this book discussed critically on issues of how to nurture children and the treatment based on syndrome differentiation. He promoted the concept of scientific nurture and criticized the problems associated with in bringing up children.He suggested that every aspect of the children's daily life must be taken care of under the guidance of scientific recommendations in order to allow children to growth up healthily.Prophylaxis should go ahead of treatment.He mentioned the importance to carefully investigate in the causes and origins of diseases and to accurately distinguish between the exterior signs and interior causes.For an acute case,symptoms should be dealt with first,while for a chronic one the root cause is treated.He pointed out this principle to remind us a dire consequence may be caused due to misdiagnosis and rash treatment.Before the treatment,we have to differentiate between exterior and interior,cold and heat,deficiency and excess,and follow the principle of simultaneous treatment of both exterior and interior,elimination and reinforcement.Moreover,he paid special attention to the effect of Spleen and Stomach functions in developing pediatrics diseases,emphasizing the importance of regulating them in pediatrics treatment.He was the first person to initiate the concept of "four causes of infantile convulsion(Si Zheng)"and "eight syndromes in infantile convulsion(Ba Hou)".He thought that we ought to investigate the causes of disease,catch the key of pathogenesis,pay great attention to the Qi activity,and the most importantly,regulate Qi activity in treatment.

Purpose to explore a CT classflication of hepatic echinococcal cysts and its clinical application. Materials and Methods reviewed 85 patients who had underwent CT scan in our hospital from 2008-01～2009-12.The CT classification was made according to WHO classification and the CT appearances were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among the lesions,there were 16 CL type,appeared as a unilocular round cyst without wall.15 CE1 type,appeared as a unilocular cyst with a smooth uniform wall.28 CE2 type,appeared as a fluid collection with septa (honeycomb sign),and 6 CE3 type,CT appeared as a fluid collection with a split wall,10 CE4 type,CT appeared as a fluid collection with a split wall (water-lily sign).36 CE5 type,CT appeared as a calcified mass.Conclusion CT classification according to WHO classification for cystic echinococcosis is using to differentiate it from other liver cystic lesions,such as simple cyst and abcess,and is essential when planning clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for research & development and application of pill preparation. METHODS: Our understanding on the statement "Pill, Is Sluggish" was come up with, and the pertinetn literature and research results were analyzed and summarized. RESULTS: The statement "Pill, Is Sluggish" is not only the description of the traditional pill's dosage-form characteristic, but also contains the requirement on administration method. It is a relative description. There is also difference in speed of taking effect between different kinds of pills. Its origin contains the factor of dosage as well as the factor of dosage-form; It does not apply to some new type pills. CONCLUSION: The connotation of "Pill, Is Sluggish" is extremely rich, which should be viewed relatively, comprehensively and developmentally so as to continuously enrich and develop the dosage form theory of Chinese materia medica and make pills serve better for the clinic.

Objective To investigate the role of CT and MRI in diagnosis of the pineal region germinoma.Methods 11 cases of the pineal region germinoma proved by operation and pathology. CT and MRI features were analysed retrospectively. Results In 11 cases on CT most tumors were hyperattenuation or isoattenuation. Enhancement in most of the tumors were homogeneous. The characteristic MRI appearances of the pineal region germinoma were as follows: (1) On T 1WI, the lesions were isointense or slightly hypointense while isointense or slightly hyperintense on T 2WI. The pineal region germinoma showed no edema. (2) The lesions showed homogeneous or inhomogeneous Gd-DTPA enhancement in most of the tumors.Conclusion CT and MRI of multiplanar imaging and Gd-DTPA enhancement are helpful in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pineal region germinoma. The tumors have sex, location and imaging characteristics.