BACKGROUND: There are two commonly used techniques of primary orbital implant placement, one is using sclera to cover hydroxyapatite prosthesis after evisceration and the other is using sclera to wrap around the hydroxyapatite prosthesisafter enucleation, which one is more efficient and safer.OB.IECTIVE: To compare the clinical safety of the two kinds of surgery for placing hydroxyapatite prosthesis in the orbit.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective case analysis was performed.between June 2000 and June 2005 at Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, ChinaPARTICIPANTS: Fifty eyes of 50 cases who were admitted between June 2000 and March 2003 to accept enucleation implants, including 39 cases with atrophic eyeball, 6 cases with anterior scleral staphyloma, 1 case with absolute glaucoma, 4cases with eyeball rupture. Forty-nine eyes of 49 cases who were admitted between April 2003 and June 2005 to accept evisceration implants, including 36 cases with atrophic eyeball, 8 cases with anterior scleral staphyloma, I case with absolute glaucoma, 4 cases with eyeball rupture. All the operations performed by the same surgeon.METHODS: In enucleation implant group, autologous sclera-wrapped hydroxyapatite orbital implant was placed into the muscle cone after enucleation. In evisceration implant group, the bared hydroxyapatite orbital implant was placed into muscle cone after evisceration, and was covered by autologous sclera in anterior.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Appearance improvements and complications of patients after orbital implant placement. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in appearance improvement. In enucleation implant group, 7 patients experienced conjunctival dehiscence and 5 patients experienced orbital implant exposure. In evisceration implant group, no conjunctival dehiscence and orbital implant exposure occurred. There were significant differences between the two groups in conjunctival dehiscence ( x2 =7.380, P < 0.01) and orbital implant exposure( x2 =5.160, P < 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: Evisceration with sclera-covered orbital implant is more simple, safe, convenient and effective than enucleation with sclera-wrapped orbital implant.

AIM:To develop the quality standard for Capsicum Rheumatism Gel(Fructus Capsici extract,menthol,borneol). METHODS:HPLC was used to determine capsaicin in Capsaicum Rheumatism Gel.The se-(paration) was performed on zorbax C_(18) column with methanol-water-phosphoric acid (70∶30∶0.085) as a mobile phase.The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min,and the detection wavelength was at 280 nm.Menthol and borneol contents in Capsaicum Rheumatiosm Gel were determined by GC and naphthalene was adopted as internal standard substance. RESULTS:There was a good linear relationship for capsaicin at a range of 0.082 65-0.578 55 ?g and the average revovery was 97.86% with RSD=1.28%.There were good liner relationships for menthol and borneol at a range of 0.081 0-1.053 ?g,0.080 8-1.050 4 ?g and the average revovery was 98.668%,97.536%. CONCLUSION:The method proves to be simple,precise and reproducible and is suitable for quantitative control of Capsicum Rheumatism Gel.

[Aim]To establish an HPLC method for determination of geniposide in Jieyu'anshen Granule Liquid.[Methods]A shimpack C18 column was used.The mobile phase was Acetonirile-water(15:85).The detection wavelength was 238nm.[Results]The linear range of geniposide was 0.0375~0.2250ug,r=0.9999(n=6).The average recovery was 98.67%.[Conclusion]This method is convenient,rapid and accurate.It can be for quality control in Jieyu'anshen Granules Oral Liquid.

Objective To investigate the efficiency and mechanism of differentiation of reprogrammed adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to neurons in vitro.Methods ADSCs from rats were cultured in vitro and then purified and identified.ADSCs at the third passage were divided into three groups:ADSCs without lentivirus-mediated gene transfection (blank group),ADSCs transfected with lentivirus carrying no neurogenin2 (Ngn2) (empty virus group) and ADSCs with lentivirus-mediated transfection of Ngn2 (Ngn2 group).All groups were induced in the medium containing cell growth factor for 15 days.The positive expression of neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) in three groups was detected using immunofluorescence method so as to observe the efficiency of neuron differentiation.Expression variances of Mash1,Hes1 and Dll1 in each group were detected by Western blot analysis and the mechanism of differentiation was also discussed.Results After 15 days of induction,positive expression rate of NeuN in Ngn2 group,empty virus group,blank group was 90.12％,45.34％ and 40.26％ respectively,with significant differences among groups (P ＜ 0.01).Western blot analysis showed that Ngn2 group had a significantly higher expression of Dll1 (P ＜0.01) and obvious lower expressions of Hes1 and Mash1 (P ＜0.01),as compared with empty virus group and blank group.However,there were no significant differences of expression levels of Dll1,Mash1 and Hes1 between empty virus group and blank group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions After induction,the ratio of neuron differentiation of reprogrammed ADSCs is increased by almost 99％,as compared with simple ADSCs.The increased dfferentiation of reprogrammedADSCs to neurons may be associated with the inhibition of notch signaling through up-regulating Dll1 and down-regulating Mash1 and Hesl.

Objective With the same times of injection to compare low-dose intradermal regimen with routine-dose intramuscular inoculation in revaccination of non-responders to hepatitis B vaccine. Methods 40 healthy non-responder children collected by screening were administrated a three-dose revaccination randomly by intramuscular or intradermal route (10 vs 2 g per dose), and regularly tested for serologic markers up to five years. By the end of follow-up, a booster dose (5 μg) was given to those who had lost anti-HBs of ≥10 mIU/mL (seroprotection) and anamnestic response was estimated thereafter. Results All 17 intramuscular and 22 of 23 intradermal children effected seroprotection after revaccination. Intradermal children lost seroprotection over time significantly rapider compared with intramuscular children (Log Rank test, P= 0.029). In year 5, 50% of intramuscular but only 18.2% of intradermal children still maintained seroprotection (P=0.075). 12-14 days after the booster dose, all the eight intramuscular children developed an anamnestic response with anti-HBs titer increasing greater, but two of the 18 intradermal children failed to mount seroprotective level. Conclusion Three-routine-dose intramuscular revaccination was significantly effective than low-dose intradermal one with the same times of injection, especially in long-term immunity. We recommend routine-dose intramuscular protocol in revaccination of non-responders.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the method and opportunity of operation for orbito-cranial fibrous dysplasia, and further to summarize our experience in repairing the bony defect with titanium after excision and assess the surgical outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 21 patients with visual function damage and/ or orbital malformation, who treated surgically. All patients were underwent CT examinations (coronal, horizontal, sagittal and three-dimensional scans) before surgery. CT image data of patients with serious orbital skull lesions were analyzed by computer to produce the three-dimensional, solid titanium mesh prostheses used to repair the lesions; for smaller lesions solid titanium mesh prostheses were shaped artificially during surgery according to the normal orbit and the cranium. All the patients were treated surgically via craniofacial approach. After removing the diseased tissue, the defective area was repaired by titanium plate and nets. RESULTS: Of the 21 patients, tumor removal was complete in 18 patients, and incomplete in 3 patients due to extensive invasion into the sious cavernosus. Of the 13 patients with vision impairment before surgery, vision was improved in 11 cases (range from 3 to 5 lines) following surgery. All orbital malformations were healed in these 11 patients. CONCLUSION Patients with fibrous dysplasia should undergo surgical treatment as soon as possible. Where this results in visual dysfunction or orbital-cranial deformities, repairing the bony defect with titanium material has many advantages: it is solid, easily molded, and easily fastened.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orbit ; Prostheses and Implants ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull ; Titanium ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for preoperative hypoxemia in geriatric patients with hip fracture.Methods:A case-control study was used to analyze the clinical data of 99 geriatric patients with hip fracture admitted to Zhongda Hospital affiliated to Southeast University between November 2020 and August 2021. There were 29 males and 70 females, aged 67-96 years [(82.6±6.2)years]. The patients were divided into hypoxemia group ( n=51) and non-hypoxemia group ( n=48) using partial arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2)<80 mmHg while breathing room air at emergency as the reference standard. The two groups were compared in terms of sex, age, fracture types, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, pulmonary diseases diagnosed by preoperative chest CT [atelectasis, pleural effusion, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)], time from injury to visit, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, Barthel index, KATZ index, modified Medicine Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, numeric rating scale (NRS), smoking, drinking, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson′s disease, Alzheimer′s disease, cerebral infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease), body temperature, blood routine test at first examination (erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin), biochemistry (serum albumin, blood glucose, blood creatinine, blood urea nitrogen), electrolyte (serum potassium, serum sodium), and other related examinations [D-dimer, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), lactic acid]. Univariate analysis was performed to the correlation of those indicators with preoperative hypoxemia. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for preoperative hypoxemia in geriatric patients with hip fracture. Results:Differences in sex, age, fracture types, BMI, pulmonary diseases diagnosed by preoperative chest CT, time from injury to visit, Barthel index, KATZ index, NRS, smoking, drinking, comorbidities, body temperature, first laboratory results of erythrocyte count, biochemistry, electrolyte and other related examinations were not statistically significant between the two groups (all P>0.05). The two groups showed statistical differences in ASA classification, NYHA classification, mMRC dyspnea scale, leukocyte count at first examination, C-reaction protein and hemoglobin (all P<0.05). Univariate analysis indicated that ASA classification, NYHA classification, mMRC dyspnea scale, leukocyte count at first examination and C-reaction protein were correlated with the occurrence of preoperative hypoxemia in geriatric patients with hip fracture (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regressions analysis indicated that higher mMRC dyspnea scale ( OR=2.30, 95% CI 1.10-4.81, P<0.05), higher leukocyte count at first examination ( OR=1.24, 95% CI 1.05-1.45, P<0.05), higher level of C-reaction protein ( OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, P<0.05) and higher level of hemoglobin ( OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07, P<0.05) were significantly correlated with the occurrence of preoperative hypoxemia in geriatric patients with hip fracture. Conclusion:Higher mMRC dyspnea scale, higher leukocyte count, higher level of C-reaction protein and higher level of hemoglobin are independent risk factors for preoperative hypoxemia in geriatric patients with hip fracture.

Micro- and mini-bioreactors are characterized by their miniature working volume and comprehensive monitoring of process data, e.g., biomass, pH, dissolved oxygen, and fluorescence that are on par with conventional bench-top systems. The technical advancements of micro- and mini-bioreactors are supported by single-use material and micro-manufacturing, non-invasive optical sensors, automation such as industrial robotics and the integration of design of experiment software with data acquisition and process control. Owing to the miniature scales, micro-bioreactors typically feature lower turbulence intensity and energy dissipation rate, resulting in different mass transfer, mixing and shear conditions as compared to industrial scale equipment. Mini-bioreactors, nevertheless, are closer to large vessels. Micro- and mini-bioreactors are used mostly in screening and process development nowadays, owing to their combined high throughput and richness of data. They are also the hardware that will enable "precision medicine" in the near future.
Biomass ; Bioreactors ; Oxygen