Objective To conduct a health check-up intention analysis to understand residents' altitude to health eheck-up. Methods A total of 3600 residents living in Shanghai completed the selfdesigned questionnaire. Results About 35.2% participants received health check-up onee per year. In 36 to 60 or > 60 age group, the figure was increased up to 62.6% or 50. 4%, respectively. Public institution employees and those with medical insurance were found to have the highest rate of health checkup. Conclusion Our investigation results suggest that government leadership,health management model and contents, and personnel training should be improve.

Bronchodilator Agents ; therapeutic use ; Budesonide ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Laryngitis ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVE To observe the curative effect of Jieminqufeng decoction to the rats with allergic rhinitis. METHODS Fourty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. There were Jieminqufeng decoction group (A),cetirizine group (B),model control group(C) and normal control group (D). The rats with allergic rhinitis were established with ovalbumin. The behavioral changes of the rats were observed. The histological and cellular morphological changes were studied with light microscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS The model control (C) group had typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis. By light microscope and transmission electron microscope,a lot of eosinophilic granulocytes were found in nasal mucosa. The mucosal cells were lost or destroyed. However,the histological and cellular morphological changes of nasal mucosa in Group A,B were similar to that in Group D. CONCLUSION The Jieminqufeng decoction is an effective drug to treatment of allergic rhinitis. It can decrease the aggregation and activation of eosinophilic granulocytes,lessen inflammatory reaction and block up the allergy.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the curative effect of Jieminqufeng decoction to the rats of allergic rhinitis and study the mechanism by which it treats allergic rhinitis. METHOD: Forty wistar rats were divided into 4 groups at random. There are Jieminqufeng decoction group, cetirizine group, model control group and normal control group. The rats of allergic rhinitis were established with ovalbumin. We surveyed the behavioral changes of rats, searched eosinophilic granulocytes in the nasal secretion, detected the contents of cAMP and cGMP in the blood plasma and nasal mucosa. RESULT: The model control group had typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis and the eosinophilic granulocytes could be found more frequently. The contents of cAMP and cAMP/cGMP rose in the blood plasma and nasal mucosa (P < 0.01). However, the changes of jieminqufeng decoction group were small. CONCLUSION The jieminqufeng decoction is an effective drug to allergic rhinitis. Its possible mechanism is that it changes the contents of cAMP and cGMP, lessens inflammatory reaction and blocks up the allergy.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cyclic AMP ; analysis ; Cyclic GMP ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; drug therapy

ObjectiveTo predict the targets and signaling pathways of Si Junzitang and Tongxie Yaofang in treating ulcerative colitis （UC） following the concept of "same disease with different treatments" based on the network pharmacology and explore the underlying mechanisms. MethodThe differentially expressed genes （DEGs） of UC were extracted from GeoChip. The active components and corresponding potential targets of Si Junzitang and Tongxie Yaofang were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform（TCMSP）. The regulatory networks of Si Junzitang and Tongxie Yaofang were constructed and the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was plotted. The core genes were predicted， followed by enrichment analysis. The UC model was induced in mice by dextran sodium sulfate （DSS） solution. Mice were randomly divided into a normal group， a UC group， a Si Junzitang group， a Tongxie Yaofang group， and a mesalazine group. Drugs were administered continuously for 14 days. The disease activity index （DAI） was scored for mice in each group. The characteristic values of hemorheology were measured. The serum levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tissue factor （TF）， and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） in mice were detected. The relative mRNA expression levels of inhibitory kappa B kinase α （IKKα）， nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB）， HIF-1α， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were measured. ResultA total of 44 genes were obtained by network pharmacological analysis， including 17 common genes. HIF-1 pathway and hypoxia response were potential common targets of Si Junzitang and Tongxie Yaofang in the treatment of UC. The results showed that Si Junzitang and Tongxie Yaofang could significantly reduce DAI score， increase blood perfusion volume and blood cell movement speed， decrease the concentration of mobile red blood cells， reduce the levels of IL-6， TF， and HIF-1α， down-regulate the mRNA expression of IKKα， NF-κB， HIF-1α， and VEGF. ConclusionThe HIF-1 pathway and related targets may be the common targets of Si Junzitang and Tongxie Yaofang to exert different therapeutic effects on the same disease. Si Junzitang is potent in promoting Qi circulation to improve intestinal tissue hypoxia， and Tongxie Yaofang is effective in promoting blood circulation to facilitate intestinal mucosal microcirculation.

Objective:To understand the rate of spirometry examination and its related factors among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients aged ≥40 years in China from 2014 to 2015, and provide evidence for diagnosis, treatment and management of COPD patients normatively.Methods:Data were obtained from 2014-2015 COPD surveillance, China. The previous lung function examination status and other information of the subjects were collected by face-to-face survey. We defined COPD as a post-bronchodilator FEV 1: FVC less than 70%. A total of 9 130 COPD patients were included in the analysis of this study. The rate of spirometry examination and its 95% confidence interval ( CI) were estimated in COPD patients aged ≥40 years with complicated sampling weights. Meanwhile, the spirometry examination related factors were analyzed. Results:The estimated rate of spirometry examination among COPD patients was 5.9% (95% CI: 4.9%-6.9%), 6.1% (95% CI: 5.2%-7.1%) for men and 5.3% (95% CI: 4.0%-6.6%) for women. The rate was significantly higher in urban population than in rural ( P<0.001). With the increase of education level, the rate of spirometry examination among COPD patients increased gradually ( P<0.001). The rate of spirometry examination was 4.0% (95% CI: 3.1%-4.9%) among COPD patients in agricultural industry. The rate of spirometry examination among COPD patients with awareness of pulmonary function test was 32.3% (95% CI: 26.4%-38.1%). The rate of spirometry examination among COPD patients with previous chronic respiratory disease and respiratory symptoms were 13.7%(95% CI:11.5%-15.9%), 8.8%(95% CI:7.2%-10.4%), respectively. The rate of spirometry examination among COPD patients exposed to occupational dust and/or harmful gases was 5.7% (95% CI: 4.6%-6.9%). The rate of spirometry examination in former smokers among COPD patients was 10.2% (95% CI: 8.0%-12.4%), higher than those in current smokers (4.2%, 95% CI: 3.3%-5.1%) and non-smokers (6.3%, 95% CI: 5.1%-7.6%). Conclusion:The rate of spirometry examination is extremely low among COPD patients aged ≥40 in China, and the standardized diagnosis, treatment and management of COPD patients need to be improved urgently.

Objective:To understand the medication treatment rate and its associated factors among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients aged ≥40 years in China, and to provide basic data for targeted interventions to improve the diagnosis and treatment of COPD patients.Methods:Data were from COPD surveillance of Chinese residents in 2014-2015. Questionnaire and pre-bronchodilator and post-bronchodilator spirometry were performed on all respondents. Individuals with post-bronchodilator FEV 1/FVC<70% were diagnosed as COPD patients. A total of 9 120 COPD patients were included in the analysis. Based on the complex sampling design, the medication treatment rate and 95% CI among COPD patients were estimated, and the associated factors were analyzed. Results:The medication treatment rate for COPD patients aged ≥40 years was 11.7% (95% CI: 10.2%-13.0%), the treatment rate with inhaled medication was 3.4% (95% CI: 2.9%-4.0%), and the treatment rate with oral or intravenous medication was 10.4% (95% CI: 9.0%-12.0%). All treatment rates were higher in patients who knew that they had COPD before the investigation. The rate of medication treatment in patients aged ≥60 years was higher than that in patients aged <60 years. Medication treatment rate, and oral or intravenous medication treatment rate among women were higher than those among men. These two treatment rates in patients with harmful occupational exposure were higher than those in patients without exposure. The medication treatment rate, and oral or intravenous medication treatment rate in former smokers were higher than those in current smokers and never smokers. Patients who knew that they had COPD before the investigation had higher rates of three treatments than those who were not aware of their disease conditions. Those with respiratory symptoms had higher three treatments rates than those without symptoms. Conclusion:In China, the rate of medication treatment for COPD patients aged ≥40 years old, especially the rate of inhaled medication treatment was very low. Being aware of their own COPD status and the emergence of respiratory symptoms were important factors associated with COPD medication treatment. Early diagnosis of COPD should be strengthened and the level of standardized treatment for patients should be improved.

Objective:To understand the smoking cessation behaviors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients aged 40 years or older in China and provide evidence for COPD control and prevention.Methods:COPD patients with post-bronchodilator FEV 1/FVC<70% were selected from COPD surveillance (2014-2015) of China, in which 5 791 current or former smokers defined by questionnaire survey were included in the study. The smoking cessation rate/ratio and the successful smoking cessation rate in COPD patients, the successful smoking cessation rate in COPD patients who ever smoked daily and the rate of attempting to quit smoking in current smokers with COPD were estimated using data adjusted by complicated sampling method. Results:The smoking cessation rate was 25.0% and the successful smoking cessation rate was 19.1% in COPD patients aged 40 years or older who ever smoked. The smoking cessation ratio was 23.1% and the successful smoking cessation ratio was 17.6% in COPD patients who ever smoked daily. The rate and ratio were higher in urban area than rural area ( P<0.05) and increased with age ( P<0.05). Patients who were aware of smoking being a risk factor for COPD had higher rate and ratio than patients who were not aware ( P<0.05). Patients with more severe airflow limitation and patients smoking less had higher rate and ratio ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The smoking cessation rate and ratio were low in COPD patients in China. More health education for COPD patients about smoking cessation needs to be strengthened. It is suggested for healthcare workers to actively advise smoking cessation and suggest smoking cessation ways for patients who smoke in their routine clinical service to increase the successful smoking cessation rate/ratio in COPD patients.

Objective:To understand the awareness of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) status and awareness of COPD-related knowledge and its influencing factors in COPD patients aged ≥40 years in China in 2014-2015.Methods:The study subjects were selected through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from 125 COPD surveillance points in 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in China. The number of the subjects was 75 107. The relevant variables about COPD diagnosis and COPD-related knowledge awareness were collected by electronic questionnaire in face to face interviews. A total of 9 134 participates with post-bronchodilator FEV 1/FVC<70% were diagnosed with COPD. Based on the complex sampling design, the awareness rate of COPD status and related knowledge were estimated, and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results:A total of 9 132 COPD patients were included in the analysis. Among COPD patients aged ≥40 years in China, 0.9% were aware of their COPD status (95 %CI: 0.6%-1.1%), and 5.7% were aware of COPD related knowledge (95 %CI: 4.8%-6.6%), and 3.4% were aware of pulmonary function test (95 %CI: 2.8%-4.0%). The COPD status awareness rate was 3.9% in the patients with history of chronic respiratory disease (95 %CI: 2.9%-4.8%), 2.4% in the patients with respiratory symptoms (95 %CI: 1.7%-3.1%), and 7.1% in the patients with COPD related knowledge awareness (95 %CI: 4.5%-9.8%) respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that chronic respiratory disease history, respiratory symptoms, occupational dust and/or harmful gas exposure and COPD related knowledge awareness had influences on the awareness rate of COPD status. Educational level and chronic respiratory disease history had influences on the awareness rate of COPD related knowledge. And ethnic groups, educational level and history of chronic respiratory diseases had influences on the awareness rate of pulmonary function test. Conclusions:The awareness rates of COPD status, COPD-related knowledge and pulmonary function test in COPD patients in China were low. The comprehensive intervention of COPD should be carried out to improve the level of diagnosis and the awareness COPD status of COPD patients.

Objective:To understand the pneumococcal vaccination rate in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients aged 40 years or older in China and provide evidence for COPD control and prevention.Methods:COPD patients with post-bronchodilator FEV 1/FVC<70% in COPD surveillance (2014-2015) of China were used as study subjects, in which 9 067 patients with definite pneumococcal vaccination status were included. The pneumococcal vaccination rate and its 95 %CI in COPD patients were estimated using data adjusted by complicated sampling method. The factors in association with the vaccination rate were also identified. Results:The pneumococcal vaccination rate was 0.8% in the past five years in COPD patients aged 40 years or older in China (95 %CI: 0.3%-1.4%). The vaccination rate was 0.3% in the patients aged 40 to 59 years (95 %CI: 0.2%-0.5%) and 1.2% in the patients aged 60 years or older (95 %CI: 0.3%-2.1%) ( P<0.05). The rate was higher in the patients living in urban area (1.5%) than in those living in rural area (0.4%) ( P<0.05). The vaccination rate increased with the severity of airflow limitation ( P<0.05). The patients with comorbidities of other chronic lung diseases or diabetes had higher vaccination rate (1.7% and 2.1%) compared with those without comorbidities ( P<0.05). The vaccination rate was 1.4% in former smokers and 0.6% in current smokers. The pneumococcal vaccination rate in COPD patients was associated with age, education level, occupation, the severity of airflow limitation and the history of influenza vaccination. Conclusions:The pneumococcal vaccination rate was extremely low in COPD patients aged 40 years or older in China. It is necessary to strengthen the health education and recommendation for pneumococcal vaccination in COPD patients through different measures.