OBJECTIVE:To make clear the present status and developing trend of drugs used in enterprise hospitals and municipal hospitals in Chongqing between2001～2003to offer reference information for the departments concerned.METHO_ DS:The data of drugs used in enterprise and municipal hospitals in Chongqing were retrospectively analysed.RESULTS:In enterprise hospitals and municipal hospitals,the annual increasing rates of sales volumn of drugs were8.24%and18.29%;the anti-infectives accounted for40%～41%and36%～40%of annual sales volumn and sales volumn of imported drugs amounted to4.40%and14.78%of total drugs consumed respectively.CONCLUSION:The sales volumn of drugs in enterprise hospitals is decreasing year by year,while that in municipal hospitals is increasing.

Objective:To observe the anatomic characteristics of supratubal recess and the morphological change of it in the sick ear. To investigate the relation between the morphological changes of supratubal recess and otitis media.Method:Using high resolution CT to observe and measure the supratubal recess of the normal ears and the ailing ones.Result:For the normal adults, the anteroposterior diameter of the supratubal recess is(3.83±1.28)mm,the vertical diameter(3.67±1.14)mm,the height(3.76±0.36)mm;and the length of the cog is(2.84±0.38)mm.The size of the supratubal recess showed no significant difference between left and right(P＞0.05).There was no relationship between the size of the supratubal recess and pneumatization of mastoid cells (P＞0.05).There was significant differences in size of the supratubal recess between normal ears and the ears with cholesteatoma(P＜0.05),but there was no relationship between the size of the supratubal recess and pneumatization of mastoid cells(P＞0.05)in the ears with cholesteatoma.There was no significant differences in size of the supratubal recess between normal ears and the ears with chronic otitis media(P＞0.05).In the ears with cholesteatoma,40% had osseous destruction in supratubal recess.Conclusion:For the normal adults, the size of the supratubal recess showed no significant difference between left and right, and there was no relationship between the size of the supratubal recess and pneumatization of mastoid cells. Anterior tympanic isthmus , posterior tympanic isthmus and supratubal recess which is the supplement of the formers constitute the air way between attic and mesotympanum. The supratubal recess of the cholesteatoma is smaller than the normal, when the eustachian tube dysfunction occurs, the air way in the middle ear would herein be affected, and cholesteatoma forms eventually. There was no significant differences in size of the supratubal recess between normal ears and ears with chronic oti-tis media, as in the clinic.The effect of the supratubal recess should be taken into account when we consider the pathogeny and treatment of the middle ear cholesteatoma.

OBJECTIVE:To study the clinical efficacy of domestic recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on reducing absolute value of white blood cells (WBC) and neutrophil (ANC) in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy and its adverse reactions.METHODS:Use of self-crossover,62 patients with malignant tumor were randomly divided into groups AB and BA.period A were treated with domestic rhG-CSF at 48 h after chemotherapy(treatment period) and chemotherapy alone was applied in the period B(control period).Group BA was directly opposite.Routine blood test was performed every other day and the changes of WBC and ANC were observed.RESULTS:Domestic rhG-CSF can improved chemotherapy-induced decline of WBC and ANC,recovery of WBC and ANC patients underwent chemotherapy,reduced duration of WBC and ANC decrease to guarantee progress of chemotherapy.The main adverse reactions represented as pain of injection site,skin rash,fever,muscle pain,weakness.CONCLUSION:The application of domestic rhG-CSF in cancer chemotherapy can effectively reduce the decline of WBC and ANC and shorten the recovery time of WBC and ANC to ensure the smooth progress of chemotherapy.

Excessive fructose intake can induce metabolic syndrome and increase serum uric acid levels.Uric acid levels are high in types of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome and may play a pathogenic role in the progression of these diseases.In this review,we focus on the role of uric acid in fructose-induced metabolic syndromes.

0.05).The correlation was WBCr=0.98(P

For the nasal anatomic structure and characteristics of endoscopic sinus surgery, nasal packing is the main method for nasal hemostasis.At present, there are two kinds of nasal packing biomaterials:absorbable and non-absorbable materials.Each kind of materials has their own characteristics.Merocel highly expansive sponge is a kind of non-absorbable material.It is made of polymeric material and has a high hydrophilicity.It is expansive uniformly in the nasal cavity, and gives the same pressure to all parts, especially the lacunae.Its texture is flexible, and it has small damage to the nasal mucosa.The texture of calcium alginate dressing is soft, and it has no toxicity.It has little stimulation to the nasal cavity and small damage to the nasal mucosa.It has slight local reaction and no obviously pain response after packing.Its efficacy on hemostasis is good.Gelatin sponge is a kind of absorbable material.It has high efficiency on hemostasis and few side reactions.It has protection and promotion of mucosa healing, as well as anti-inflammation.Besides those mentioned above, there are many other common materials, including vaseline gauze and Rhine haemostatic materials.By understanding the characteristics of the packing materials, we should select the different kinds of materials in accordance with the type of hemorrhage and range of operation.

Aim To explore the expression of CD1a＋ DC in fair follicle of normal human skin and psoriasis patients. Methods Expressions of CD1a＋ DC in 10 fair follicles of psoriasis patients and skins of 8 normal human were detected by SABC immunohistochemical staining. Results The numbers of CD1a＋ DC in upper limb skin and scalps's fair follicle were 13 and 15 respectively. The number of CD1a＋ DC in fair follicle of psoriasis patients was 16,slightly more than that in skins. There was obviously higher density of CD1a＋ DC in psoriasis fair follicle and its number was 46± 15/mm2. Conclusion The area of fair follicle is connected with the start and redistribution of CD1a＋ DC,and the fair follicle may have important effect on development of vulgaris psoriasis.

The great majority of human diseases are directly or i nd irectly associated with genes. Gene mapping and genetic analysis for human compl ex polygenic disorders has become a hot-spot and the neck of the bottle in the medical genetics research recently. The approach to genome-wide search has pla yed an important role in the respect.

Objective To identify the gene mutations and mu tating patterns in a pedigree with X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia(EDA)so as to provide a basis for gene diagn osis and genetic counselling of this disorder.Methods Polymerase chain reaction-single s trand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP)analysis and DNA sequencing of amplified prod ucts were performed to screen mutati ons and mutating patterns of EDA1gen e,responsible for EDA pathogenesis,i n a X-linked EDA family of Han people.Results Abnormal single strand bands were found in the amplified fra gments as well of exon 1of EDAgene in t he patients as well as their mothers,the carriers.The DNAsequencing of ampl ified products revealed a point muta tion at nucleotide 404(C→Gtransversion)in the proband compared with that of t he normal controls,which resulted i n the transversion of histidine with glutamine at codon 54in the ectodysplasin-A(H54Q).Meanwhile there were heterozyous double peaks of nucleotide Cand Gat the same position in his mother.Conclusion A missense mutation(404C→G)in exon 1of EDA1gene has been determined in the pedigree with X-linked EDA,which is probably one of the molecular bases of EDA pathogenesis.

BACKGROUND:Ibandronate is the typical representative of bisphosphonates drugs,which prevent bone absorption. OBJECTIVE:To verify the effect of Ibandronate on fracture healing after local application. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized control experiment was accomplished in the Medicine Center Laboratory of Southeast University in October,2008. MATERIALS:Thirty-six healthy New Zealand rabbits,aged 6-8 month,weighting 2.1-2.6 kg. Ibandronate injection(1 mL:1 mg) was supplied by Biomedical Engineering Centre of Hebei Medical University. METHODS:Thirty-six healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the control,systemic application and the local application groups,with 12 rabbits in each group. All the rabbits were prepared fracture healing models. Rabbits in control group were given no more treatment after model preparation. Animals in the systemic application control group was given 0.1 mg Ibandronate injection through vein or locally. The state of fracture healing were examined and then scored by X-ray at week 2,4,6 and 8 after model preparation. At weeks 1,2,3 and 4,the level of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRAP-5b) were assayed with ELISA. At weeks 2,4,6 and 8,three rabbits were selected from each group randomly and were killed by aeroembolism respectively. Their calluses were intercepted from fracture sites as the research objects. Pathological changes were observed in callus samples and immunohistochemistry stain was performed to examine type I collagen expression in tissues of callus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Fracture healing scores. ②The level changes of TRAP. ③The percentage of bone trabecula area. ④Osteoblast index. ⑤Absorbance value. RESULTS:All rabbits were involved in the result analysis. The systemic application group and local application group obtained higher scores than in the control group at weeks 2(P