Objective To study the imaging characters and diagnostic value of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis by usingthree-dimensional reconstruction of spiral CT. Methods 37 patients with spondylolysis were scanned by spiral CT.Various reconstruction methods were applied on the data acquired. Results The axial CT scans achieved good resolution on showing hyperostosis,fibrous callus and pathological changes of spinal disc.Spondylolysis was all displayed in the MPR/MIP of sagittal,reverse gantry angle and CPR.MIP,MPRand CPR could provide better resolution in display of spondylolysis than SSD did,while SSD was better in display of hyperostosis andspondylolisthesis. Conclusion The three-dimensional reconstruction of spiral CT is a good method for the radiographic evaluation ofspondylolysis and its relative changes.This technique can provide reliable informations for planning clinical therapy.

Purpose　The aim is to develop a synthesis method of the silver carboxymethyl chitosan and to study its bacteriostasis to Staphlococcus aureus(S.aureus),Pseudomonas aeruginusa(P.aeruginusa),Escherichia Coli(E.coli),Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae) and Proteus vulgaris(P.vulgaris).Methods　Chitosan was modified by way of chemistry.The structure analysis of its derivate was analysed by infra-red absorption spectroscopy,using methods of dilution and concavering to study the bacteriostasis to some ordinary bacteria which cause infection in burn.Results　The infra-red spectragram of the derivate showed the chitosan had been modified by chloroacetic acid.When the concentrationl of silver carboxymethyl chitosan was 1.028 mg/ml and the concentration of the five bacteria were 104CFU/ml，the rate of bacteriostasis was 88%、80.2%、75.3% to S.aureus、P.aeruginusa and E.coli respectively.The MIC of silver carboxymethyl chitosan was similar to that of AgNO3 when they act on S.aureus and P.aeruginusa,but the former was lower than later when acting on E.coli.Conclusion　Silver carboxymethyl chitosan could inhibit some bacteria which caused infection in burn.It was a novel pharmaceutical in preventing and curing burn infection.

To guarantee the research and establishment of the modern basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine, We firstly proposed the concept of the academic standards of the modern basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine and its logical structure and standards points in this paper. According to the research progress at home and abroad, we explored the basic concept of academic, academic standards, academic of Chinese medicine, academic standards of Chinese medicine in depth, given the logical definition of relevant concepts, and revealed the connotation and logical hierarchy relationship between different concepts. On this basis, we proposed three-level standards points of the academic standards of Chinese medicine. All of these works mentioned above would provide a preliminary standards protection for the academic research of traditional Chinese medicine and the establishment of the modern basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the effect of postoperatively early stage-function-exercise on the recovery of upper limb function of diseased side after breast cancer modified radical mastectomy.Methods One hundred patients with breast cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to June 2016 were collected.All patients underwent modified radical mastectomy.The patients were divided into the observation group and control group after operation,50 cases in each group.The observation group was given the early stage-function-exercise,while the control group received the routine nursing care.The shoulder joint mobility,affected limb edema degree,self-rating anxiety scale (SAS)score,self-rating depression scale (SDS) score and 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) score were observed in the both groups.Results When compared with the control group,the patients in the observation group got a significant increase in the shoulder joint activity such as antexion,abduction,internal rotation,external rotation,adduction and rear protraction at postoperative 3,6-months (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in upper limb volume,SAS score and SDS score before the operation (P>0.05).However,when compared with the control group,the patients in the observation group got a significant decrease of upper limb volume at postoperative 3 months[(1 543.38±414.93) mL vs.(1 635.58±401.58) mL,P=0.000)],a significantly decrease of SAS score[(37.87±6.90) points vs.(44.07±12.32) points,P=0.000)] and SDS score[(38.32±6.65) points vs.(45.02±11.07) points,P=0.000)] at postoperative 6 months,and a significant increase of SF-36 score at postoperative 6 months [(77.52±7.28) points vs.(70.28±7.55) points,P=0.000)].Conclusion Postoperatively early stage-function-exercise can help to improve the shoulder joint activity degree and quality of life,and reduce the limb edema degree after modified radical mastectomy in the patients with breast cancer.

Objective To explore the expression of CD44v8 protein in human bladder and urothelial carcinoma ,as well as the value in diagnosis of human bladder and urothelial carcinoma .Methods RT‐PCR was used to analysis the expression of CD44v8 protein in 75 patients with bladder and urothelial carcinoma in the pathological stage and clinical stage and 20 subjects of normal bladder mucosa were collected as control .Results CD44v8 protein was negative in all normal bladder and urothelial mucosa ,the copy number was less than 1 × 102 copy/mL ;26 cases of bladder and urothelial carcinoma was positive ,and the positive rate of CD44v8 was 34 .7% ,and Ct values were less than 35 and copy number was greater than 1 × 104 copy/mL .Positive rate was correla‐ted with high pathological grades and TNM stages ,but no significant difference was observed in recurrence of tumor .Conclusion CD44v8 could be useful indicator for the assessment of pathological grades and TNM stages of bladder and urothelial carcinoma .

OBJECTIVETo prepare the oral solution of egg yolk hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific transfer factor (EYHBV-TF) and evaluate its immunological activity as an immune regulator against hepatitis B.

METHODSFrom hens immunized with the Hepatitis B vaccine the egg yolk was isolated to extract the specific transfer factor EYHBV-TF, and its physicochemical properties were examined. Leukocyte adhesion inhibition test (LAI) was performed to detect the immunogenic activity of EYHBV-TF. The solution of EYHBV-TF was then administered orally in normal mice, and the specific cellular immune activity induced was assayed with delayed type skin hypersensitivity test (DTH), with the non-specific immune activity assessed with immune organ index. The immune responses induced by oral EYHBV-STF solution were compared with those by EYHBV-STF injection and by different dosages (injection and oral) of porcine spleen HBV-specific transfer factor (PSHBV-STF), porcine spleen nonspecific transfer factor, and egg yolk extracts from non-immunized hens.

RESULTSThe prepared EYHBV-STF oral solution, which met the standards for biological products, could inhibit leukocyte adhesion in vitro and significantly enhance mouse foot pad swelling, demonstrating its capability of transferring antigen-specific delayed type hypersensitivity reactions to naive recipient. EYHBV-STF oral solution also significantly improved the immune organ index in mice (P<0 01) with similar effects to those caused by EYHBV-STF injections and by PSHBV-STF injection and oral solution.

CONCLUSIONOrally administered EYHBV-STF and EYHBV-STF injection both possess hepatitis B antigen-specific cellular immune activity and can significantly enhance specific cellular immune responses.

Animals ; Chickens ; Egg Yolk ; chemistry ; Hepatitis B ; drug therapy ; Hepatitis B Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunization ; Mice ; Swine ; Transfer Factor ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

Three cases of swimming pool granuloma are reported.Case 1:a 40-year-old female presented with a 2-month history of nodules and plaques on the right hand and forearm.She was a tropical fish salesperson but denied trauma history.Skin examination revealed multiple irregularly sized,dark-red nodules and plaques on the joints of right fingers,wrist,and elbow,as well as multiple subcutaneous nodules simulating strings of beads on the right upper limb.Case 2:a 48-year-old female presented with a 2-month history of nodules and plaques on the left hand and forearm.There was a history of trauma due to tropical fish tank and filter cleaning.Physical examination showed multiple deep purple plaques and painless subcutaneous nodules scattered on the left hand,wrist,and upper limb.Case 3:a 39-year-old male presented with a 3-month history of nodules on the fingers of both hands.There was no history of trauma,but he was a tropical aquarist.Skin examination revealed multiple soybean-sized dark-red nodules on the extensor aspect of interphalangeal joints of both hands.Fungal examinations yielded negative results in the 3 cases,while histopathology revealed infectious granuloma with a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate.All of the cases showed positive results in purified protein derivative (PPD)skin test.Mycobacterium marinum was isolated from the lesional tissue of Case 1 and 2,but not from Case 3.All the patients were diagnosed with swimming pool granuloma,and given anti-atypical mycobacterial therapy including oral rifampin and clarithromycin.The lesions disappeared after 1 to 3 months of treatment,with the treatment course varying from 2 to 5 months.No recurrence was observed during a 3- to 12-month follow-up.

A method for the determination of cyromazine and dicyclanil residues on greasy wool was developed with HPLC and confirmed with HPLC-MS/MS.The cyromazine and dicyclanil residues on greasy wool were extracted with 1% trichloroacetic acid solution with ultrasonic, and cleaned up by MCX SPE column.The HPLC separation was performed on a Hypersil NH_2 using water-acetonitrile (V/V) as the mobile phase with gradient elution and detected at the wavelength of 214 nm.The corroboration method of HPLC-MS/MS was used with electro-spray ionization of positive ion mode.The [ M + H ]~+ and characteristic ions of dicyclanil were m/z 191.0, 150.0 and 163.0, and cyromazine were m/z 167.0, 85.0 and 125.0.The linear ranges of cyromazine and dicyclanil were 0.05-5.0 mg/L.There were good linear relationships between the peak area and concentration in the linear range.The correlation coefficient was 0.9999.The detection limit of cyroma zine was 0.02 mg/kg, and dicyclanil was 0.01 mg/kg.The average recoveries of cyromazine and the dicycla nil were 95.0%-99.9% and 83.6%-92.2%, respectively.

Objective:To investigate the additional value of unenhanced computed tomography (CT) in the differential diagnosis of brain tumors and non-neoplastic lesions.Methods:A total of 237 cases [140 males and 97 females; (49±16) years old; including 48 cases of low-grade glioma, 134 cases of high-grade glioma, 38 cases of primary central nervous system lymphoma, 9 cases of medulloblastoma, 5 cases of germinoma, and 3 cases of central neurocytoma] of brain tumors (diffuse gliomas and non-glial tumors) diagnosed by biopsy or surgery and pathology in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from September 2016 to October 2020 were collected retrospectively. Sixty-six cases [46 males and 20 females; (42±13) years old; including 12 cases of abscesses, 5 cases of infarcts, 33 cases of demyelinating lesions, 11 cases of autoimmune encephalitis, and 5 cases of central nervous system vasculitis] of brain non-neoplastic lesions were confirmed by biopsy or clinic. All patients underwent routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and unenhanced CT before the treatment. The images were reviewed by two neuroradiologists together blind to the final diagnosis with and without CT images respectively. The diagnostic results and reliability scores were recorded, and the accuracy of the two evaluations was compared.Results:CT hyperattenuation exhibited a higher specificity (95%) than conventional MRI scan (86%), and a lower diagnostic sensitivity (34% vs 86%). Compared to MRI alone, the combined modality of MRI and unenhanced CT significantly improved diagnostic accuracy (94% vs 86%). Additionally, the CT attenuation ratio of non-neoplastic lesions was significantly lower than that of neoplastic lesions [0.69 (0.61,0.78) and 1.14 (1.00,1.25), W=2 123, P<0.05]. The CT attenuation ratio in the non-glial origin tumor group was significantly higher than that in the diffuse glioma group [1.28 (1.18,1.41) and 1.13 (0.97,1.21), W=1 858, P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups of diffuse glioma [1.11 (0.99,1.20) vs 1.16 (1.09,1.24), P>0.05 (Nemenyi test)]. However, both were significantly higher than that of grade Ⅱgroup of diffuse glioma [0.89 (0.76,1.07), P<0.05 (Nemenyi test)]. No significant difference was observed between astrocytic tumors and oligodendroglial tumors at the same grade. Conclusions:Hyperattenuation on unenhanced CT is highly specific for the diagnosis of brain tumors. Unenhanced CT plus MRI is more accurate for distinguishing the two entities in hypoattenuation lesion on unenhanced CT.