Objective To investigate the levels of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) in patients with acute cerebral infarction, and its value on prognosis. Methods The levels of serum NSE and CRP were compared in 92 acute cerebral infarction patients (observation group) and 45 healthy (control group). The relationship between the levels of NSE, CRP and the degree of neurological damage and infarction location were analyzed. Results The levels of serum NSE and CRP were significantly higher in observation group than those in control group (P< 0.01). In observation group, the levels of serum NSE and CRP were higher in heavy patients [ (35.63 ± 7.12) μg/L, (13.82 ± 3.57) mg/L] than those in mild or medium patients [(17.24 ± 5.32) μg/L, (5.61 ± 2.35) mg/L and (26.08 ±5.91) μg/L, (9.07 ±2.14) mg/L,respectively](P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the levels of serum NSE and CRP in different infarction location(P > 0.05 ). Conclusion The level of serum NSE and CRP is an index in reflecting the degree of neurological damage, and they can be used in evaluating patient's condition and prognosis.

Objective: To develop the matrix-matched calibration curve correction-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the determination of lead in blood. Methods: Whole blood samples and blank whole blood were pretreated by direct dilution with a solution of 0.5% nitric acid and 0.01% TritonX-100 to obtain whole blood sample solutions and matrix-matched solvents at a 10-fold dilution. The mass concentration of lead was determined by using an ICP-MS instrument in He mode. 175Lu was added online as an internal standard. The standard working curve was calibrated with the matrix-matched solvent, and the mass concentration of lead in the whole blood samples was calculated based on the standard working curve. Recovery tests were performed on whole blood blind samples by spiking, and the relative standard deviation and average recovery rate were calculated. The accuracy and precision of this method were assessed by comparing it with the method recommended in the national standard in detection of lead in three types of bovine blood lead standard materials. Results: Good linearity was shown for lead at 0.5 to 100.0 μg/L, with a correlation coefficient of 1.000. The detection limit of lead was 0.4 μg/L, and the quantitation limit was 1.3 μg/L. The relative standard deviations were 0.65% and 1.10%. The average recovery ranged from 96.89% to 99.73%. The lead determination results were all within the normal reference ranges specified by the three certified reference materials for bovine blood samples. Conclusion The matrix-matched calibration curve correction-ICP-MS is suitable for high-throughput determination of blood lead.

Objective To investigate the serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in children with illness and prognosis of assessed value. Method The serum NSE, hs-CRP levels of 40 patients with HIE (HIE group) of the acute stage and convalescence, and 20 healthy neonates (control group ) were measured and the clinical sub-degree relationships were analyzed. Results The serum NSE, hs-CRP levels in HIE group of the acute stage [ (32.88 ± 12.61 ) μ g/L, (6.43 ± 2.07) mg/L] were significantly higher than those in control group [(8.62 ± 3.58) μ g/L, (2.61 ± 0.95) mg/L](P ＜ 0.01 ). The serum NSE, hs-CRP levels in HIE group of the severe acute stage were significantly higher than those of the mild and light acute stage (P＜0.01 ). The more severe disease, the more higher NSE, hs-CRP. Conclusion The serum NSE, hs-CRP reflect the brain neuronal damage or necrosis of the objective indicators that could be used as early objective indicators to judge the pathogenetic condition and prognosis of HIE.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of carbamazepine combined with topiramate in the treatment of par-tial epilepsy. METHODS:130 patients with partial epilepsy were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Con-trol group was orally treaed with carbamazepine 100 mg,3 times a day. Based on the treatment of control group,observation group was orally treaed with topiramate initial dose of 25 mg,once a day,and then increased 25 mg every week,the maximum dose was no more than 200 mg,once a day. After 6 months,the efficacy was evaluated,frequency of epileptic seizures,EEG epileptiform discharges wave and incidence of adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was sig-nificantly higher than control group(P<0.05). After treatment,the frequencies of epileptic seizures in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,6 months<3 months<1 month,and observation group was lower than control group(P<0.05).The EEG epilep-tiform discharges wave were in observation significantly better than control group(P<0.05). There were no significant differences incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Carbamazepine combined with topiramate has better efficacy than carbamazepine alone in the treatment of partial epilepsy,with similar safety.

Objective To investigate the effect of doxycycline on the Th1/Th2 cell balance in experimental allergic encepha-lomyelitis(EAE)rats.Methods Forty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into the EAE control group,low,medium and high does DOX treatment groups,10 cases in each group.The onset situation in rats was observed.The IL-4 and IFN-γlevels secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)at the peak stage were detected.The levels of IL-1β,IL-10,TNF-αin brain tissue,and the albumin content in cerebrospinal fluid and serum were detected.The QA value was calculated.Results In each DOX group,the clinical symptoms of rats were alleviated compared with the EAE control group.In each DOX group,the PBMC secreting IFN-γlev-el and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in the onset peak stage were lower than those in the EAE control group,while the IL-4 level was higher than that in the EAE control group(P <0.01).Compared with the medium-dose DOX group,the increase of IL-4 level in the high-dose DO group was unapparent(P >0.05),but the difference between other DOX groups had statistical significance(P <0.01).The IL-1βand TNF-αlevels of brain tissue and QA value during onset peak stage in various doses DOX groups were decreased compared with the EAE control group,while the IL-10 level was increased compared with the EAE control group(P <0.05).With the DOX dose increasing,the levels of IL-1β,TNF-αand QA value in various doses DOX groups became lower,the IL-10 level became high-er,there was statistically significant difference among various doses DOX groups (P <0.05 ).Conclusion DOX can obviously alle-viate the clinical symptoms of EAE rats,its mechanism may be related with that DOX could decrease the level of Th1 cytokine and increase the level of Th2 cytokine,correct the Th1/Th2 cell balance,thus protect the blood brain barrier(BBB).

Objective : To establish a microwave-assisted digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with an octopole reaction system for simultaneous determination of six heavy metals in peanuts, including Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Pb, Hg. Methods : Peanut samples were shelled and crushed evenly, and 0.350 0 g was accurately weighed and digested with 5 mL nitric acid and 1 mL hydrogen peroxide in a digestion tank. Following microwave-assisted digestion, pure water was used to quantify the samples, and internal standards and an octopole reaction system were used to remove the interference. Then, the contents of six heavy metals were determined in peanuts by ICP-MS. The accuracy and precision of ICP-MS were evaluated using national criteria ( GBW 10013 and GBW 10044 ) and spike-and-recovery testing. Results : The six heavy metals showed good linearity at the selected linear range ( r≥0.999 8 ). The detection limits of ICP-MS ranged from 0.001 4 to 0.023 8 ng/mL, and the spike-and-recovery rates ranged from 94.7% to 98.8%, with the relative standard deviations ranging from 0.7% to 3.6%. In addition, the determination results of the standard reference materials were all within the normal reference range. The detection of six heavy metals was 100.0% in 60 peanut samples, and the contents of six heavy metals were all low. Conclusion The established ICP-MS assay is feasible for simultaneous determination of multiple heavy metals in peanuts.

Objective To explore the relationship between different hemorrhage position,hemorrhage volume,surgical time and outcome of treatment with surgical methods of HICH.Methods A total of 1310 patients were admitted from six hospitals from January 2004 to January 2008,the 1310 patients were divided into six groups according to different operation:craniotomy through bone flap (group A),craniotomy through small bone window (group B),stereotactic drilling drainage (group C1 and group C2),neuron-endoscopy operation (group D) and external ventricular drainage (group E),considering hemorrhage position,hemorrhage volume,surgical time and result of surgical methods were reviewed and analyzed.Results ①Craniotomy through bone flap should be selected with the case of superficial or deep hematoma volume (＞ 80 mL),median line structure distinct motion,metaphase or advanced stage of hernia of brain.②Craniotomy through small bone window and neuron-endoscopy should be selected with the case of moderate hematoma volume (50-80 mL) ③Drilling drainage should be selected with the case of small hematoma volume in superficial or deep hematoma volume (20-50 mL) ④Extemal drainage should be selected in dealing with ventricular hemorrhage.Small bone window or neuron-endoscopy should be selected in ventricular casting mould.⑤The appropriate operation time for patients with hematoma volume less than 80 mL should be 6-12 hours and large hematoma should be immediately operated to save lives.The operation time should depend on patients detail condition.Conclusions Craniotomy through bone flap was suitable for large hematoma and hernia of brain; Stereotactic drilling drainage should be selected in patients with hematoma volume less than 80mL; and the operation results in dealing with HICH would be improved via suitable operation time and surgical methods and adividual according to Hemorrhage position and Hemorrhage volume.

Aim To study the effect of CSE ( cigarette smoke extract ) on the single-molecule interactional force between thrombomodulin and thrombin by live-cell single-molecule force spectroscopy. Methods CSE was prepared by a previously reported method. The plasmid of TM-GFP was constructed and transfect-ed in COS-7 cells. The expression of TM-GFP was de-tected by fluorescence microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The transfected COS-7 cells were grouped ( 1 ) GFP -thrombin group ( 2 ) TM-thrombin group ( 3 ) CSE-TM-thrombin group ( 4 ) CSE- GFP-thrombin group. Force measurements with the thrombin modified AFM tips on the living cell surface were car-ried out on PicoSPM II with a Pico-Scan 3000 control-ler and a larger scanner. The force curves measured in living cells were recorded by PicoScan 5 software and analyzed by MATLAB R2009aMetlab. Results The single-molecule binding force of thrombomodulin and thrombin ( TM-Thr ) was determined ( 60. 90 ± 0. 82 ) pN. The binding probability for TM-Thr was about (22. 58 ± 3. 95)%. Antibody blocking binding proba-bility for TM-Thr was ( 2. 58 ± 2. 0 )%. The binding probabilities for GFP-Thr group, CSE-TM-Thr group and CSE-GFP-Thr group were significantly decreased compared with TM-Thr group ( P<0. 05 ) . The mean value of the most probable single molecular interaction force of thrombin/TM-ECD was determined as ( 45. 30 ± 1. 37 ) pN, the binding probability of thrombin and TM-ECD was ( 23. 25 ± 7. 02 )%. When the binding was blocked with the TM-MAb solution, the binding probability decreased to ( 4. 64 ± 2. 31 )%. The bind-ing probability was ( 8. 31 ± 1. 06 )% in the CSE-TM-thr-S group. When further blocked with TM-MAb, the binding probability was ( 5. 17 ± 2. 96 )%. Conclusion CSE significantly decreases the binding probability for TM-Thr to induce intravascular thrombosis.

Objective: To investigate whether melatonin (MT) secretion in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) exhibits seasonal variations and its correlation with immune regulation. Methods: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and model groups, and the pineal gland was removed in the model group. Stomach, jejunum, ileum, and colon tissues were obtained during the spring equinox, summer solstice, beginning of autumn, autumn equinox, and winter solstice. The levels of MT, MT receptors (MR), arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the GIT were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Except for the stomach, the jejunum, ileum, and the colon showed seasonal tendencies in MT secretion. In the control group, MT secretion in the jejunum and ileum was the highest in the long summer, and colonic MT secretion was the highest in winter. In the model group, MT levels in the colon were highest in the summer. The seasonal rhythms of the MR, AANAT, HIOMT, IL-2, and IL-10 in the colon were roughly similar to those of MT, and changed accordingly after pinealectomy. Conclusions Gastrointestinal MT secretion is related to seasonal changes, and MT secretion in each intestinal segment is influenced by different seasons. The biological effects of MT in the gut are inextricably linked to the mediation of MR, and a hormone-receptor linkage exists between MT and MR. The effect of seasonal changes on the gastrointestinal immune system may be mediated through the regulation of seasonal secretion of MT.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features and auxiliary examination results of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) with restless leg syndrome (RLS) as the first symptom.Methods:The clinical features and auxiliary examination results of one case of sCJD who received treatment in Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital were analyzed based on relevant literature.Results:A 59-year-old woman of Han nationality who had sCJD with restless leg-like manifestation of the left lower limb for 18 days was included in this study. The patient was first treated in orthopedic department, but her symptom did not improve after treatment. Twenty days later, she was transferred to neurology department for further treatment. Her daily life and activities were not affected. Head magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, cerebrospinal fluid routine examination and biochemical test results were normal. Five days later, the patient had mild left-sided ataxia, which then progressed rapidly, followed by right-sided ataxia, left-leg spasticity and adduction, involuntary movement, myoclonia, cognitive decline, akinetic mutism, repeated hyperthermia, repeated complex partial seizures. Two weeks later, head magnetic resonance imaging examination revealed hyperintense signal of the cingulate gyrus, frontal cortex and right island cortex on DWI, with cerebellar atrophy and three-phase electroencephalography wave. Four weeks later, CSF14-3-3 protein was positive, and no related genetic mutation in the prion protein gene was found. The duration from onset to death was about 8 months.Conclusion:sCJD is a common subtype of prion protein disease, and the condition can be stabilized for more than 1 month after the onset of RLS. There is no specificity in early clinical and auxiliary examinations, and neither dobutazine treatment nor neurotrophic treatment is effective. The disease progresses rapidly after 1 month, head MRI and EEG reexamination can reveal clues, and CSF14-3-3 protein can assist clinical diagnosis.