ASL-fMRI by measuring tissue blood flow, thus reflects the pathophysiology of organ blood flow dynamics and change, provides a new method for clinical and scientific research.With the improvement of MR image technology, technology as a MR perfusion imaging of arterial spin labeling method has been applied.It is non-invasive, repeatable high tissue contrast with a good advantage. Current clinical studies of renal ASL-fMRI is increasing. Includes renal transplantation, kidney tumors, acute kidney injury, patients with chronic renal dysfunction renal blood flow studies. Below reviews the progress of renal ASL-fMRI.

Objective To establish criteria for determination of sputum retention in elderly patients with non-ar-tificial airway. Methods Interview and Delphi methods were used to preliminarily determine clinical indication of sputum retentionand its classification through two-round expert consultation among 25 experts. Final criteria for de-termination of sputum retention were determined through experts group discussion. Results During the two rounds of consultation,all the questionnaires were collected,the experts' authority coefficients were 0.936 and 0.926 respec-tively,and the coordination coefficient of expert opinion was statistically significant.Criteria for determination of spu-tum retention included ineffective cough plus auscultation phlegm sound,with or without complaining of sputum,de-creased blood oxygen saturation,difficulty breathing and cyanosis. Conclusion Based on expert consultation and ar-gument,the criteria for determination of sputum retention can facilitate clinical nurses to detect sputum retention.

Objective To observe the treatment effects of trimetazidine on myocardial bridge. Methods A total of 76 patients with clinical symptoms, such as different degrees of chest tightness, palpitation, breath shortness, chest pain, were diagnosed as coronary myocardial bridge by coronary angiography, and were divided into two groups randomly. While control group (n=40) was given beta-blocker or (and) calcium antagonist as routine treatment. The treatment group (n=36) was given routine treatment and trimetazidine, 20 mg, three times daily. The mean follow-up period was 12 weeks. The episodes of chest pain per week, exercise tolerance, anxiety and depression scores, total ischemic burden in 24 h and walking distance in 6 min were observed in two groups of patients. Results The parameters of chest pain times per week, exercise tolerance, anxiety and depression scores, total ischemic burden in 24 h and walking distance in 6min were improved in treatment group compared with control group, and the symptoms were effectively relieved, the life quality of patients were improved. Conclusion The conventional treatment combined with trimetazidine is safe and effective, which can further improve myocardial energy metabolism and exercise tolerance, and enhance the clinical effect and the life quality of patients.

This review analyzed domestic and foreign literatures on intestinal absorption,introduced the current methods and models commonly used in phenolic glycosides researches and their impacts focused on intestinal absorption,summarized the research status,aims to provide a reference for improving their oral bioavailability,improve formulations,new medicine and clinical rational use of phenolic glycosides.

Objective To evaluate whether patients with BI‐RADS category 3 breast lesions can be managed safely by 1‐year follow‐ups using ultrasound elastography .Methods Data from 164 patients who underwent conventional B‐mode ultrasound and ultrasound‐based elasticity examinations from September 2009 to March 2014 ,and had BI‐RADS category 3 lesions that appear to be circumscribed and oval in shape with elasticity scores of 1 -2 ,were retrospectively reviewed .Results Of 331 BI‐RADS category 3 lesions that originally appeared circumscribed and oval in shape in 164 women ,the mean follow‐up period was 21 3. months (range ,12-48 months) ,and 330 (99 7.% ) were unchanged at follow‐up and considered probably benign .One lesion was upgraded to BI‐RADS category 4a ,and a subsequent biopsy pathologically confirmed it was a fibroadenoma .Conclusions BI‐RADS category 3 lesions with elasticity scores of 2 or lower can be reclassified as BI‐RADS category 2 lesions .A 1‐year follow‐up may be adequate for women undergoing screening ultrasonography ,which are found to have BI‐RADS category 3 lesions that appear to be circumscribed and oval in shape with elasticity scores of 1-2 .

OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors of infection of incisional wound in abdominal region.(METHODS) The clinical data of 224 cases of surgical infection in the First Hospital of Songyan County from 2000 to 2004 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 58 cases with incisional infection among them.RESULTS Several risk factors were found;the infection rate in age more than 55 years was 11.99%,and 10.71% in less than 14 years,14.8% after emergency operation;operation time more than 2h were 12.73%;the incisions′ length more than 12cm were 11.80%;incisions without washing by antibacterials were 15.32%.Compared to control group,the difference was significant.CONCLUSIONS Age,irrational use of antibacterials,long time operation,length of incisional wound,and operation category are all found to be the risk factors of incisional wound infection.

AIM:To investigate the changes of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the process of cardiomyo-cyte hypertrophy induced by high glucose , and to explore its potential mechanisms .METHODS: The rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) were divided into normal glucose group , high glucose group, DMSO group and resveratrol (an AhR antago-nist) group.The content and distribution of AhR were observed with immunofluorescence staining .The myocardial cells were stained with rhodamine-labeled phalloidin to visualize cytoskeleton , and the cell surface area were determined after im-aging by fluorescence microscopy .The generation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS) in the cardiomyocytes was measured u-sing a fluorescent probe DCFH-DA.The mRNA expression of AhR , CYP1A1, atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP) were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR ( RT-qPCR).The protein levels of AhR, CYP1A1, ANP and BNP were assessed by Western blot .RESULTS:AhR was constitutively presented in the cytosol un-der normal-glucose condition and was translocated to the nuclei under high-glucose condition .High glucose induced cardiac hypertrophy , and increased ROS generation .Significant reductions in the cell size and ROS generation were observed after treated with resveratrol.The expression of AhR, CYP1A1, ANP and BNP at mRNA and protein levels in high glucose group was increased as compared with normal glucose group and resveratrol group , and the above-mentioned indexes signifi-cantly decreased in resveratrol group as compared with DMSO group .CONCLUSION: High glucose-induced cardiac hy-pertrophy increases AhR expression , which may be involved in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis in the cardiomyo-cytes.AhR translocation to the nucleus induced by high glucose results in the increases in CYP 1A1 expression and ROS generation, which may be an important mechanism of high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy .

Objective To evaluate the application value of bedside lung ultrasound in diagnosis of neonatal severe pneumonia.Methods Bedside lung ultrasound and chest X-ray were performed in 59 the newborn patients admitted to the newborn department for suspected severe pneumonia,from October 2015 to March 2016.According to the characteristics of the chest X-ray,patients were divided into consolidation group (widely spot shadow in double lung and airbronchograms) and the unconsolidation group (enlargement,fuzzy texture in double lung or small patch sample changes) Differences in ultrasonic characteristics were compared between the two groups.Results Ultrasonic image characteristics were pulmonary consolidation with air bronchograms,A-line disappearance,pleural line abnormalities.Among 23 patients with chest X-ray,21 patients were found pulmonary consolidation by lung ultrasound,and all 36 patients in unconsolidation group were not found pulmonary consolidation by lung ultrasound,and there was no significant difference in the detection rate by lung ultrasound between the two groups (P＞0.05) The pulmonary ultrasound results of 20 cases in the consolidation group showed A-line disappearance,37 cases in the unconsolidation group showed A-line disappearance.There was no statistical significant differences between the two groups (P＞0.05).The pulmonary ultrasound results showed 11 cases in the consolidation group and 15 cases in the unconsolidation group with pleural line abnormalities,there was no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P＞O.05).Conclusions Ultrasound image characteristics of neonatal severe pneumonia include pulmonary consolidation and air bronchograms,A-line disappearance,pleural line abnormalities.Compared lung ultrasound and chest X-ray result,there was no difference between consolidation group and unconsolidation group.Both of the two methods can be used for evaluating the diagnosis of pneumonia.

Objective To establish and evaluate intestinal epithelial barrier model using Caco-2 cell so as to play a foundation for next study of barrier permeability.Methods Caco-2 cells were cultured in vitro then seeded into Transwell cell culture inserts.The permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier was detected by transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER)and lucifer yellow flux,and verified by transmission electron micro-scope.Different concentrations of PAF(0,50,100,and 200 nmol /L)were exposed for 24 hours to Caco-2 mono-layer when cultured 21 days.The tight junction was observed under transmission electron microscope.Assess-ment of ZO-1 protein localization and expression were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot analy-sis.Results Cultured Caco-2 cell confluencd as monolayer with time passed.From 5th day,TEER increased, then reached 600Ω?cm2 at 15th day and lasted to 21 st day,there was little flux of lucifer yellow,transmission e-lectron microscopy also found cells differentiated better,had well-arranged villi and polarity alined as monolayer, forming completed tight junction which was the marker of intestinal epithelial barrier model in vitro.TEER de-creased and lucifer yellow flux increased in cells exposed to PAF.The permeability reached the peak when ex-posed to 100 nmol /L PAF(P <0.01 ),tight junction disrupted,ZO-1 protein expression downregulated,abnor-mal localization and distribution was assessed by immunofluorescence staining.Conclusion Cultured Caco-2 cells for 2-3w can be used to study intestinal epithelial barrier as a model in vitro.PAF increased intestinal epi-thelial permeability,which would correlate to the decreased protein expression and abnormal distribution of ZO-1.

Objective:To explore the effects of caffeine on the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods:Use Ethanol as a solvent to extract the caffeine in tea and then injecting 5％ D-galactose saline solution 1ml/d/kg to establish aging model mice.Divide mice randomly into experimental group (high-dose/low-dosecaffeine),positive control group,negative control group,and normal con-trol group (NS) and injecting appropriate drugs for consecutive four weeks.Test superoxyde dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehvde (MDA) periodically.Take mice's hippocampus and use Western blotting to detect the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and extracellular signal-regulated kinasesl/2 (p-ERK1/2).Results:The expression of BDNF and p-ERK1/2,negative control group is less than low-dose experimental group and positive control group (P＜0.01);The p-ERK1/2 expression of injecting D-galactose mice was significantly lower than normal group,negative control group compared weth the normal group,the differencd was significant (P＜0.05).The level of SOD in model group was significantly lower than that in normal control group,high,low dose caffeine group and positive control group (P＜0.01),but the level of MDA is opposite.Conclusions:Caffeine can delay aging process by increasing the level of SOD in aging mice,and enhancing the expression of BDNF and P-ERK1/2.Caffeine does a lot to prevent AD.