The location of jugular foramen is deep and hidden, and its local anatomical structure is complex, so it can be called "the most complicated foramen of skull base". Most of the tumors in this area are benign or low-grade malignant; currently, radical resection is the main treatment method. However, the surgery in the jugular foramen region is still a ticklish problem in neurosurgery, and there are still many shortcomings in the relevant surgical approaches and methods. This paper reviews the development of anatomical research and surgical approaches in the jugular foramen region, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of common surgical approaches for tumors in this region, so as to provide references for further clinical anatomical research or improved surgical approaches.

Objective To establish a serological diagnostic method about NSCLC by investigating the expres-sion of 3 tumor markers of the sulfate glycosaminoglyean fragments(SGF), TSGF and CEA in NSCLC patients' serum. Methods To assay the level of SGF,TSGF and CEA in 50 NSCLC patients with latex particleagglutiation test,colori-metry of biochemistry and CLIA, respectively. Compared the clinical value of different examination combination way in NSCLC diagnosis value. Results There was high difference value between the Ⅰ - Ⅱ stage and the Ⅲ time,the Ⅲ time and the Ⅳ time about the level of SGF(P <0.05) in NSCLC patients. The specificity between SGF,TSGF and CEA each single item and the SGF and TSGF combination examination were not significant(P > 0.05). The semitivity between the SGF and TSGF combination and the SGF,TSGF and CEA combination was not significant(P >0.05), its specificity had significant difference(P <0.05). Conclusions There are higher expression about the 3 tumor mark-ers in NSCLC patients' serum. In the different combination examination, SGF and TSGF combined has great clinical value than other combinations to diagnosis NSCLC.

A new biosensor was prepared based on conductive polymer poly ( 3 , 4-ethylenedioxythiophene ) ( PEDOT) and 1-pyrenebutanoic acid ( PBA) through π-π stacking, as well as hematin associated with PBA through coordinate bonds of Zr4+ and carboxyl group. Its stability and sensitivity were examined by cyclic voltammetry ( CV) , electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ( EIS) and current-time ( i-t) method. A pair of well defined and quasi-reversible redox peaks was observed when GCE/PEDOT/PBA/hematin was tested by CV in PBS without oxygen. The electron transfer rate constant was estimated to be 4. 8 s-1 . Results indicated that the PEDOT film enhanced the electron transfer process of hematin. When the i-t method was used to detect the response of biosensor to catechol with different concentrations, it displayed a linear response for the reduction of catechol in the range of 0. 5-200 μmol/L. The linear equation was i=0. 018C+0. 006 ( R=0. 9998), and the detection sensitivity was 0. 258 μA (μmol/L· cm2) with a detection limit of 0. 33 nmol/L (S/N=3). The results illustrate that the GCE/PEDOT/PBA/hematin biosensor is very sensitive and stable.

Objective To compare classical and molecular typing methods for Streptococcus pneumoniae,in order to provide fasty and accurate method for classification.Methods Selected the 150 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae which isolated from the First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing from October 2013 to February 2015 for the research objects,using the classi-cal quellung classification method and molecular typing of multiple PCR method for classification.Compared the result and the rate of the classification,used the non parametric test of two independent samples for statistical analysis several higer rate of serotypes,and calculated the total coincidence rate,sensitivity and specificity.Results The typing rate of Streptococ-cus pneumonia capsular was 53.3%,and the main serum group were 19(32.7%),6(7.3%)and 23(4%)respectively.The serotype of 19F(23.3%),19A(2.7%),6C(2%)and 23F(2.7%)respectively by single factor serum.The typing rate of the multiple PCR method was 76.0%,and the main serum group were 19(41.3%),6(10.7%)and 23(10.7%).The serotype were mainly 19F(32.7%),19A(8.0%),6(10.7%)and 23F(9.3%).Used the 2 Independent Sample Test for statistical a-nalysis,compared with the serotypes 19F,19A and 23F(P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of the types of the two methods.The total coincidence rate was 74.6%.To verify the classic quellung method by multiple PCR method,sensitivity was 70.2%,and specificity was 100%.That showed the capsular swelling method was less sensitivity than the molecular typing method.Conclusion Compared with the traditional serological typing techniques,mo-lecular typing technique have the advantages of fast,accurate,sensitive and high resolution,and become the classification method which can be rely on.

Objective:To explore the relationship between type I hypersensitivity reaction and the mechanism of the viral hepatitis B through the research of interleukin(IL-13 ) and prostaglandin(PGE1) levels in serum of patients with viral hepatitis B, and therefore, to provide new theory for the perfection of the immunological mechanism of hepatitis B, especially acute hepatitis B.Methods:Serum IL-13 and PGE1 levels were measured in 50 patients with viral hepatitis B and 35 normal cases using double antibody sandwich ELISA method. AST and ALT levels were studied using omni automatic biochemistry analyzer and those correlation with IL-13 and PGE1 were observed.Results:①The IL-13 and PGE1 levels of 10 acute hepatitis B were significantly higher than those of the normal cases; ②The IL-13 and PGE1 levels of 35 chronic hepatitis B were also significantly higher than those of the normal cases; ③The levels of IL-13 and PGE1 were significantly positively correlated with serum ALT and AST.Conclusion:IL-13 and PGE1 levels in patients with acute hepatitis B are most remarkably increased, and correlate with the damage of liver.

OBJECTIVETo explore the factors that affect the curative effect and the best method of treatment for the patients with maxillofacial cavernous hemangiomas.

METHODS102 cases of maxillofacial cavernous hemangiomas were performed DSA examination and taken serial photography. According to the diameter, number and draining speed of efferent veins of the tumor, the cavernous hemangiomas were classified into two types-the high efferent speed and low efferent speed type. For all of them, were randomly performed embolization of efferent veins with absolute ethanol plus bleomycin-A5 intratumor injection (group I) and bleomycin-A5 intratumor injection alone (group II).

RESULTSThe cure rate and general effective rate has significant difference (P < 0.01) between two groups in 70 patients with high efferent speed veins, while no significant difference (P > 0.05) in 32 patients with low efferent speed veins.

CONCLUSIONSThis new classification is beneficial for seeking method of treatment. The embolization of efferent veins is an effective method for cavernous hemangioma with high efferent speed veins; but for the type with low efferent speed veins, bleomycin-A5 intratumor injection alone could acquire a good results.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Facial Neoplasms ; classification ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Female ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; classification ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Neoplasms ; classification ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Sclerotherapy

Background and purpose: Malignant tumors often relapsed or metastasized after first-line chemotherapy and needed second-line or above treatment. We conducted this study to deifne the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of lobaplatin with ifxed docetaxel for Chinese patients in previously treated solid tumors. Methods:Escalating doses of lobaplatin with fixed docetaxel were administered in a modified Fibonacci sequence. The initial doses were lobapla-tin 30 mg/m2 and docetaxel 60 mg/m2, respectively. Escalating doses was 5 mg/m2. The regimen was repeated every 21 days. If no dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed, the next dose level was applied. The procedures were repeated until DLT appeared. The MTD was declared to be one dose level below the level at which DLT appeared. Results:Seventeen patients received fifty-eight cycles chemotherapy at lobaplatin of levelⅠ(30mg/m2), levelⅡ(35 mg/m2)and levelⅢ(40 mg/m2). Cases of complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and progression disease (PD) for the whole group were 0, 1, 10 and 3, respectively. Response rate (RR, CR+PR) and disease control rate (DCR, CR+PR+SD) were 7.1%(1/14) and 78.6%(11/14), respectively. The most common toxicity was leukopenia. Three DLTs occurred in 3 patients in the whole group, including 2 DLTs in dose levelⅢ. We declared thus levelⅡwas MTD. Conclusion:MTD of lobaplatin in our re-search was 35 mg/m2 combined with fixed dose of docetaxel. This combination regimen was well tolerated.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical features and treatment of skull base osteosarcoma.

METHODSThe clinical data of 18 patients with skull base osteosarcoma, who were admitted to the CAMS Cancer Hospital from January 2005 to November 2013, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were followed up by telephone, outpatient review and other means. Fifteen patients were followed up, 4 cases received surgery only, and 11 cases received surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis was used to analyze the clinical data and Log rank method was used for verification.

RESULTSNine patients died among the 15 patients who were followed up for 3-103 months (mean 25.0 months): seven patients died of local recurrence, and two patients died of distant metastasis, and six patients were still alive. Four patients received surgery only, with a median survival time of 25.0 months, and 11 patients received comprehensive treatment, with a median survival time of 47.0 months (P = 0.02). Five patients received sub-total resection, with a mean survival time of 47.0 months, and 10 patients received total resection, with a mean survival time of 45.0 months (P = 0.37). The 1- and 2-year recurrence rates were 46.6% and 68.9%, respectively. The overall 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 82.4%, 61.8%, 36.0% and 36.0%, respectively, with a median survival time of 30.0 months.

CONCLUSIONSTo compare the long bone and head and neck osteosarcoma with skull base osteosarcoma, the skull base osteosarcoma has a lower total resection rate, a higher recurrence rate, and a poorer prognosis. Radical surgery and comprehensive treatment are appropriate for skull base osteosarcoma.

Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Osteosarcoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull Base ; pathology ; Survival Rate

Objective To examine the diagnosis and outcomes in the treatment of the patients with histologically confirmed central neurocytoma (CNC). Methods The data from 71 patients with CNC who were diagnosed between March 2003 and December 2007 were retrospectively evaluated. Various combinations of surgery, and radiotherapy had been used for treatment. Results The average bulk of tumors was 40 cm3. The median follow-up was 22 months. The 22 months overall survival and local control rate was 95.8%(68/71) and 95.6%(65/68), respectively. Conclusions The overall prognosis is favorable although the follow-up is not very long. Surgery and postoperative radiotherapy can significantly improve local control.

Objective To analyze and estimate, the treatment of patients with histologically confirmed subependymal giant-cell astroeytoma (SEGCA). Methods The data from 23 patients with SEG-CA who were diagnosed between February 1995 and February 2008 were retrospectively evaluated. Various combinations of surgery and radiotherapy had been used for treatment. Results Total resection was 16 cases, subtotal resection was 7 cases, radiotherapy was 17 cases. The average follow-up time was 53 months.One postoperative SEGCA recurrence. Epilepsy was totally disappeared in 17.6% (3/17), partly disappeared in 47.1%(8/17). All cases survived. Conclusions The key of treatment is total resection. The significance of radiotherapy is not sure. The overall prognosis of SEGCA is favorable.