The incidence of tinnitus is very high, which can affect the patient's attention, emotion and sleep, and even cause serious psychological distress and suicidal tendency. Currently, there is no uniform and objective method for tinnitus detection and therapy, and the mechanism of tinnitus is still unclear. In this study, we first collected the resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) data of tinnitus patients and healthy subjects. Then the power spectrum topology diagrams were compared of in the band of δ (0.5-3 Hz), θ (4-7 Hz), α (8-13 Hz), β (14-30 Hz) and γ (31-50 Hz) to explore the central mechanism of tinnitus. A total of 16 tinnitus patients and 16 healthy subjects were recruited to participate in the experiment. The results of resting state EEG experiments found that the spectrum power value of tinnitus patients was higher than that of healthy subjects in all concerned frequency bands. The
Attention ; Brain ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Parietal Lobe ; Tinnitus

The location of jugular foramen is deep and hidden, and its local anatomical structure is complex, so it can be called "the most complicated foramen of skull base". Most of the tumors in this area are benign or low-grade malignant; currently, radical resection is the main treatment method. However, the surgery in the jugular foramen region is still a ticklish problem in neurosurgery, and there are still many shortcomings in the relevant surgical approaches and methods. This paper reviews the development of anatomical research and surgical approaches in the jugular foramen region, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of common surgical approaches for tumors in this region, so as to provide references for further clinical anatomical research or improved surgical approaches.

The location of the skull base neoplasms are very deep, and the operation is unpredictable. The advent of skull base endoscopic technology has opened up a new surgical path for skull base neoplasms, but it also puts forward higher requirements for preoperative real-time images and detailed pathological anatomy. Obviously, traditional imaging techniques cannot keep up with it. 3D printing is a new stereoscopic rendering technology developed in recent years and applied to the medical field. It can seamlessly integrate, transform and reconstruct multi-modal imaging data such as CT/CT angiography/magnetic resonance imaging of patients into a three-dimensional model. The three-dimensional model is not only stereoscopic, intuitive, but also can display the complex anatomy of the skull base neoplasms and its surroundings point-to-point, and it can also be operated under the preoperative simulated endoscopic operation, so that the endoscopic surgery plan of the skull base neoplasms is more personalized and precise. It will undoubtedly further improve the total tumor resection rate and reduce the surgical side injury. This article reviews the application and progress of current 3D printing technologies in the field of endoscopic surgery of skull base neoplasms.

Objective To investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Uygur residents in Kashgar of Xinjiang.Methods The survey was conducted among the Uygur residents aged ≥ 18 years selected through stratified cluster sampling in Kashgar by means of questionnaire survey,physical examination and basic laboratory test.The prevalence of different groups were calculated and risk factors of DM was analyzed by logistic vegression model.Results A total of 4 608 adults were surveyed.The prevalence of DM was 11.31％ (standardized prevalence:10.59％) and the prevalence was 13.65％ (standardized prevalence:12.34％) in males and 10.04％ (standardized prevalence:9.83％) in females.The prevalence increased with age.The prevalence of DM was higher than the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in people aged ＞60 years,especially in females.The rates of awareness,treatment and control of DM were 28.02％,21.31％ and 5.57％,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that people aged 45-55,55-65 and ＞65 years had higher risk of DM and the odds ratio were 2.08 (95％CI:1.24-3.48),2.73 (95％CI:1.63-4.56) and 3.90 (95％ CI:2.24-6.78) for men and 2.63 (95％ CI:1.71-4.02),3.14 (95％ CI:2.00-4.94) and 5.56 (95％CI:3.47-8.92) for woman,respectively.Family history of DM (OR=2.88 for men,95％Cl:1.45-5.72;OR=2.52 for women,95％CI:1.49-4.26) and BMI≥28.0 kg/m2 (OR=1.77 for men,95％CI:1.19-2.64,OR.=1.80 for women,95％CI:1.30-2.50) were also risk factors for DM.Conclusion The prevalence of DM was high in Uygur residents in Kashgar,but the rate of awareness,treatment and control of DM were low.It is necessary to improve the detection rate of DM and conduct targeted prevention and control of DM.

Objective To understand the prevalence of dyslipidemia and normal blood lipids level in Uygur diabetes patients in Kashgar prefecture in southern area of Xinjiang.Methods A total of 5 078 local residents aged ≥ 18 years (42.56％ were men) selected through cluster random sampling in Kashgar were surveyed by means of questionnaire survey,physical examination and laboratory test,and 521 diabetes patients were screened.Results The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in diabetes patients was 59.50％ (310/521) with adjusted rate as 49.39％.Age ≥65 years,overweight,obesity and abdominal obesity increased the risk for dyslipidemia by 0.771 times (95％ CI:1.015-3.088),1.132 times (95％CI:1.290-3.523),1.688 times (95％CI:1.573-4.592) and 0.801 times (95％CI:1.028-3.155) respectively.Compared with males,female was a protective factor for dyslipidemia (OR=0.507,95％CI:0.334-0.769).The overall normal rate of blood lipids level including total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for type 2 diabetes patients was 11.13％.Female,higher BMI and abdominal obesity were the factors influencing the overall normal blood lipids level.The normal rate of LDL-C level decreased with increase of age,BMI and waist circumferences (trend test x2=18.049,P＜ 0.001;trend testx2=10.582,P=0.001;x2=19.081,P＜0.001),but increased with educational level (trend testx2=9.764,P=0.002).Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Uygur diabetes patients in Kashgar was high,however,the overall normal rate of blood lipid level was relatively low.Obesity was the most important risk factor for dyslipidemia in this area.More attention should be paid to dyslipidemia prevention in women.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension and risk factors in Uygur adults in Kashgar of Xinjiang.Methods A total of 4 748 Uygur adults aged ≥ 18 years selected through cluster random sampling in Shufu county of Kashgar prefecture were surveyed by means of questionnaire survey,physical examination and laboratory test.The prevalence,awareness,treatment and control rate of hypertension of different groups were calculated and risk factors of hypertension was analyzed by using non-conditional logistic regression model.Results The overall prevalence of hypertension was 15.73％ (age-adjusted prevalence was 13.75％).The prevalence rates of hypertension in men and women were 16.36％ (age-adjusted prevalence was 12.96％),15.39％ (age-adjusted prevalence was 14.34％),respectively.The rates of awareness,treatment and control of hypertension were 59.57％,52.74％,21.29％,respectively.The prevalence of hypertension increased with age.Compared with age group 18-34 years,the age groups 55-64,≥65 years had higher risk of hypertension and the OR values were 10.53,20.96 for men and 16.27,33.20 for women.The overweight (OR=1.47 for men,OR =1.82 for women,P＜0.05) and obesity (OR =1.88 for men,OR=2.66 for women,P＜0.05) also increased the risk of hypertension.The groups with family history of hypertension (OR=3.85 for men,OR=2.34 for women,P＜0.05) also had higher risk of hypertension.Hypertriglyceridemia was positively correlated with the prevalence of hypertension in men (OR=1.62,95％CI:1.09-2.41).Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in Uygur adults in Kashgar area of Xinjiang was at relatively low level.The related risk factors were age,overweight,obesity,family history and hypertriglyceridemia in men and the risk factors were similar in women except hypertriglyceridemia.

Objective To investigate the knowledge,attitude and practice (KAP) to chronic diseases and associated influencing factors in Uygur adults in Kashgar of southern Xinjiang,and provide basic information for developing ethnic specific prevention and control strategies for chronic diseases.Methods With stratified cluster random sampling,investigations,including questionnaire survey,physical examination and laboratory tests were performed among local residents who were aged ≥ 18 years and selected in Shufu county in southern Xinjiang.KAP scores were calculated and unconditional logistic regression models were used to analyze influencing factors.Results A total of 4 772 Uygur adults were surveyed.The awareness rate of chronic disease related knowledge ranged from 4.32％ to 56.04％,while the awareness rate of preventive measures were from 1.76％ to 85.18％ and the participation rate of prevention program varied from 4.00％ to 97.99％.The average KAP score was 15.90 ± 4.20 and the rate of total KAP was 47.86％.Multi-factor analysis suggested the pass rate of total KAP score increased with educational level.Other factors positively associated with ‘KAP score pass rate’ were commercial insurance investment,hypertension,family history of common chronic diseases,female and abdominal obesity,while overweight was negatively associated with the KAP score pass rate.Conclusions The KAP level on chronic diseases was low in Uygur adults in Kashgar.It is necessary to continuously implement ethnic targeted health education and health promotion campaigns,especially in low education level,low income level,overweight and male groups.

Objective To compare classical and molecular typing methods for Streptococcus pneumoniae,in order to provide fasty and accurate method for classification.Methods Selected the 150 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae which isolated from the First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing from October 2013 to February 2015 for the research objects,using the classi-cal quellung classification method and molecular typing of multiple PCR method for classification.Compared the result and the rate of the classification,used the non parametric test of two independent samples for statistical analysis several higer rate of serotypes,and calculated the total coincidence rate,sensitivity and specificity.Results The typing rate of Streptococ-cus pneumonia capsular was 53.3%,and the main serum group were 19(32.7%),6(7.3%)and 23(4%)respectively.The serotype of 19F(23.3%),19A(2.7%),6C(2%)and 23F(2.7%)respectively by single factor serum.The typing rate of the multiple PCR method was 76.0%,and the main serum group were 19(41.3%),6(10.7%)and 23(10.7%).The serotype were mainly 19F(32.7%),19A(8.0%),6(10.7%)and 23F(9.3%).Used the 2 Independent Sample Test for statistical a-nalysis,compared with the serotypes 19F,19A and 23F(P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of the types of the two methods.The total coincidence rate was 74.6%.To verify the classic quellung method by multiple PCR method,sensitivity was 70.2%,and specificity was 100%.That showed the capsular swelling method was less sensitivity than the molecular typing method.Conclusion Compared with the traditional serological typing techniques,mo-lecular typing technique have the advantages of fast,accurate,sensitive and high resolution,and become the classification method which can be rely on.

Objective To analyze the preventive effect of mecobalamin combined with glutathione on neurotoxicity induced by FOLFOX4 chemotherapy. Methods Ninety?four patients receiving FOLFOX4 chemotherapy between January 2012 and December 2013 were randomized into experimental group and control group. Patients in the experimental group were given mecobalamin tablets and glutathione injection during chemotherapy while the patients in control group received glutathione injection only. The status of neurotoxicity was evaluated by the Levi neurotoxicity criteria 1992. Results After six cycles of chemotherapy, the incidence of gradeⅠ?Ⅱneurotoxicity in the experimental and control groups were 34.7%(17/49) and 55.6%(25/45), respectively (P=0.042), the incidence of grade Ⅲ neurotoxicity in the experimental and control groups were 2.0%(1/49) and 13.3%(6/45), the difference is also statistically significant ( P=0.037) . After nine cycles of chemotherapy, significantly less grade Ⅰ?Ⅱ neurotoxicity was observed in the experimental group (44.6%) than that in the control group(70.3%, P=0.019). Incidence of grade Ⅲ neurotoxicity in the experimental group was significantly lower(4.26%) than that in the control group(18.9%, P=0.031). Conclusion Mecobalamin combined with glutathione can significantly reduce the incidence and severity of neurotoxicity induced by FOLFOX4 chemotherapy, therefore, worthy of clinical application.

Objective To analyze the preventive effect of mecobalamin combined with glutathione on neurotoxicity induced by FOLFOX4 chemotherapy. Methods Ninety?four patients receiving FOLFOX4 chemotherapy between January 2012 and December 2013 were randomized into experimental group and control group. Patients in the experimental group were given mecobalamin tablets and glutathione injection during chemotherapy while the patients in control group received glutathione injection only. The status of neurotoxicity was evaluated by the Levi neurotoxicity criteria 1992. Results After six cycles of chemotherapy, the incidence of gradeⅠ?Ⅱneurotoxicity in the experimental and control groups were 34.7%(17/49) and 55.6%(25/45), respectively (P=0.042), the incidence of grade Ⅲ neurotoxicity in the experimental and control groups were 2.0%(1/49) and 13.3%(6/45), the difference is also statistically significant ( P=0.037) . After nine cycles of chemotherapy, significantly less grade Ⅰ?Ⅱ neurotoxicity was observed in the experimental group (44.6%) than that in the control group(70.3%, P=0.019). Incidence of grade Ⅲ neurotoxicity in the experimental group was significantly lower(4.26%) than that in the control group(18.9%, P=0.031). Conclusion Mecobalamin combined with glutathione can significantly reduce the incidence and severity of neurotoxicity induced by FOLFOX4 chemotherapy, therefore, worthy of clinical application.