Objective To discuss the application of ice-breaking action in the construction of nurse team, strengthen the cohesion of nurse team, therefore, to improve nursing quality. Methods First, let all nurses working in the same ward area to participate an action, namely ice-breaking action or secret angel action, in which every nurse chose secretly one of other nurses by drawing cards, then she often cared for that nurse secretly, namely she became a secret angel for that nurse. In return, she was also chosen and cared by one of others secretly. That means every nurse would become a secret angel, and owned a secret angel in the same time. Second, to test the change of happiness index of every nurse, the change of team's cohesion, and the change of patients' contentment indexes, before and after the secret-angel action was taken. Results Happiness indexes of 37 participants improved distinctly, and so did the contentment indexes of their patients after the secret-angel action was taken. Conclusions The secret-angel action can strengthen the cohesion of nurse team, improve happiness indexes of nurses, contentment indexes of their patients, and improve nursing quality.

Aim To investigate antiaging effects of beta-carotene(?-C) from dunaliella salina on fruit flies and rats and to probe possible mechanisms.Methods The whole study contains fruit flies experiment and rats experiment.In the fruit flies experiment,fruit flies were divided into nine groups according to different ingredient in the nutrient medium.We took life span,flight capability,the number of copulatory fruit flies aged 8 days,and head MDA content of fruit flies aged 40 days as indexes of aging.In rats experiment, 54 aged male rats were divided randomly into 6 groups and bred for 45 days with different diet.Plasma MDA,CAT and GSH-Px were detected.MDA,SOD and GSH-Px in heart,liver,pulmo,lien and brain were also detected.Results Compared with control group in fruit flies experiment,the shortest life span,maximum life span and mean life span were increased in each experimental group.Flight rate and flight frequency were increased,the number of copulatory fruit flies was also increased.The content of MDA was significantly decreased.In rats experiment,plasma MDA content was significantly decreased.The activity of GSH-Px was elevated.Similar results were obtained in different tissues.MDA content was significantly decreased in each tissue sample,while activities of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly inceased.Conclusion ?-C from dunaliella salina had antiaging effects on fruit flies and aged rats.The possible mechanism resided in its antioxidative effects owing to the elevated antioxidases.

Objectives:To learn about the attitudes toward the "Global Minimum Essential Requirements(GMER) in medical education" between Chinese doctors and graduates from the same medical university and to offer reference for spreading GMER in China.Methods: To investigate the subbjects using a questionnaire describing the related abilities of GMER.Description,rank test,multivariate analysis of variance and factor analysis are applied in data analysis.Results: In general,there are different attitudes toward GMER between doctors and graduates.13 of 23 items have statistical significance in scores between groups.The proportion of person considering every item as important or very important among doctors is higher than that among graduates.There is statistical significance between groups on the transformed score in 7 domains of GMER.The domain of topmost score is "clinical skills",and of the lowermost one is "community health & health system".Conclusions: Doctors and graduates both accept GMER.They both pay attention to occupational skills,but ignore the public health.Doctors think much of basic knowledge,while graduates are short of the cognition on "Information Management".

ObjectiveTo explore the diagnostic value of Tei index of right ventricle and serum level of NT-proBNP in patients with high-altitude heart disease (HAHD).MethodsRight ventricle Tei index and serum NT-proBN level were calculated and tested in 32 local healthy volunteers and 34 cases of HAHD patients hospitalized in our hospital in Golmud city (2808 meters above sea level) from 2008 to 2010,and a correlation study was conducted thereafter.ResultsThe pulmonary arterial systolic pressure and right ventricle Tei index,elevated significantly in HAHD patients compared with the control group [(86.61 vs 9.72)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) and(0.90 vs 0.33)respectively,P＜0.05].Patients diagnosed as mild pulmonary hypertension without alteration in cardiac structure showed higher pulmonary arterial systolic pressure and the Tei index compared with the control group [( 57.1 vs 9.72 )mm Hg and (0.78 vs 0.33 ) respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ].In addition,the level of serum NT-proBNP was significantly higher in HAHD group than that of control group [( 1246.8 ± 512.6) ng/L and (98.6 ± 21.7 ) ng/L respectively,P ＜ O.05 ].ConclusionRight ventricle Tei index and serum NT-proBNP level are sensitive indicators for right ventricular function and thus of favorable clinical significance for the diagnosis of HAHD.

Objective To observe the antimicrobial effect of a kind of Chinese medicine Qingre compound preparation on the common pathogenic bacteria of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Methods A total of 163 common pathogen?ic bacteria of URTI was selected in this study, including 74 non extended-spectrum β- lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Gram-negative bacteria (33 Escherichia coli, 24 Klebsiella pneumonia and 17 Pseudomonas aeruginosa), 10 ESBLs-produc?ing Gram-negative bacteria (6 Escherichia coli and 4 Klebsiella pneumoniae) and 79 Gram-positive bacteria [11 methicil?lin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 46 methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and 22 Streptococcus pneu?moniae]. Agar dilution method was adopted to perform the quantitative drug sensibility test. Agar plates that contained differ?ent concentrations of Qingre compound preparation were prepared. The bacterial suspension was planted on the plates. Then we observed the plates after incubation, and recorded the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results The antimicro?bial rates of Qingre compound preparation were 88, 176 and 22 g/L for MIC90 of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial effects of Qingre compound preparation were coincident on the MIC 90 of ES?BLs-producing strains and non ESBLs-producing strains. The accumulated antibacterial rates of different concentrations of medicine to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the highest. The MIC90 values of Qingre compound preparation were 11, 11 and 22 g/L for MSSA, MRSA and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The MIC90 of MRSA was coincident with MSSA, but MIC50 of MRSA was slightly higher than that of MSSA. The accumulated antibacterial rates of different concentrations of medi cine to MSSA and MRSA were all higher than those of Streptococcus pneumonia. The accumulated antibacterial rate of MSSA was similar with that of MRSA. Conclusion The Chinese medicine Qingre compound preparation could restrain common patho?genic bacteria of URTI except Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antibacterial effect of Qingre compound preparation is significant?ly better in Ggram-positive bacteria than that of Gram-negative bacteria.

Objective To explore the protective affect of individual earmuffs in microtia reconstruction using tissue expander.Methods 95 patients performed the implantation of tissue expander had been grouped into the experimental group(49 cases)and the control group(46 cases).Patients in the experimental group wore individual earmuffs,whereas patients in the control group wore traditional earmuffs.The survey including the information of patients' experience in wearing the earmuffs was carried out on the day when patients were given auricular reconstruction.Data collected from the two groups were analyzed to evaluate the aspects of permeability and safety.Results Patients in the experimental group complained less discomfort in sultry in permeability and tinnitus than patients in the control group.From the perspective of safety,there was no complaints of mosquitoes climbing into the earmuffs from the two groups.Because of the good adhesiveness of the individual earmuffs to the skin,the incidence of redness of skin in the experimen tal group was significantly lower than that in the control group.Conclusions Individual earmuff is a safe and comfortable nursing appliance which is practical for clinical application because of its good permeability,adhesiveness and less incidence of redness of skin.

Objective:To explore any effect of mechanical vibration on the expression of estrogen and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in ovariectomized rats with an osteoporotic fracture.Methods:Thirty 3-month-old female Wistar rats were divided randomly into a control group, an ovariectomy group and a vibration group, each of 10. Fractures were induced in the rats of all three groups. Twenty minutes of whole-body vertical vibration was applied to the vibration group at a frequency of 35Hz, 5 days a week for 6 weeks. After 2 and 6 weeks the fracture healing of each group was evaluated using X-rays, the levels of hippocampal estrogen were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and fracture-end BDNF was quantified by immunoblotting.Results:After 2 and 6 weeks of vibration the average fracture healing in the vibration group was significantly greater than in the other 2 groups. The average estrogen content in the hippocampus of the vibration group was significantly higher than in the other 2 groups after both 2 and 6 weeks, while the average BDNF content in their fracture ends was significantly lower. The BDNF expression at the fracture end was significantly correlated with the fracture healing.Conclusion:Mechanical vibration can promote the expression of estrogen and BDNF in the hippocampus and accelerate fracture healing in osteoporotic rats.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of calf muscle cramps and possible influencing factors for pregnant women in China. Methods: Using a multi-stage stratified probability proportional to size cluster randomization sampling method during 2010-2012. A total of 3 582 pregnant women were investigated at 150 counties from 31 provinces in China mainland. Information on calf muscle cramps, demographic socio-economic status, pregnancy information, and the physical activities was collected through questionnaires. The semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect food intake of pregnant women. Dynamic cluster analysis was used to assess dietary pattern. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the possible influencing factors for calf muscle cramps. Results: The prevalence of calf muscle cramps was 32.9% (1 180/3 582) in Chinese pregnant women, which was 11.6% (87/748), 28.2% (420/1 492), and 50.2% (673/1 342), respectively, during the first, second and third trimester. There were significant differences between them (χ²=349.16, P<0.001). Dietary patterns of the pregnant women were classified into three groups, which called relatively balanced pattern, high vegetables and fruits pattern, and high dairy pattern. Among the three groups, the prevalence of calf muscle cramps was 32.0% (952/2 971), 37.2% (186/500), and 37.8% (42/111), with significant differences (χ²=6.39, P=0.041). The OR (95%CI) values of calf muscle cramps in the second and third trimester was 2.96 (2.28-3.83), and 8.02 (6.16-10.44), respectively, comparing with the first trimester. The OR (95%CI) values of calf muscle cramps in the women taking calcium before pregnant was 1.45 (1.19-1.76), comparing with the one who was not taken. The OR (95%CI) values of calf muscle cramps in the women who had been diagnosed by pregnancy-induced hypertension was 5.76 (2.06-16.12), comparing with the one who had not been diagnosed. The OR (95%CI) values of calf muscle cramps in the high vegetables and fruits pattern and high dairy pattern was 1.13 (0.91-1.41), and 1.18 (0.76-1.81), respectively, comparing with the relatively balanced pattern. Conclusion The prevalence of calf muscle cramps was relatively high in Chinese pregnant women, which was significantly different among three trimesters. The residential areas, occupation, and pregnancy-induced hypertension might be related to the prevalence of calf muscle cramps. However, there was no significant difference among different dietary patterns.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of anemia and related risk factors for pregnant women in China. Method: Based on Chinese National Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2010-2012, a total of 3 501 pregnant women were investigated from 150 counties of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, using a multi-stage stratified cluster randomization sampling method. General information of pregnant women, health status, and food intake during the gestation, was collected through a questionnaire investigation. 6 ml fasting venous blood was collected for the determination of hemoglobin concentration. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression to investigate the prevalence of anemia and the related influencing factors. Results: The 605 of 3 501 pregnant women had anemia. The prevalence of anemia was 17.2%; and mild anemia accounted for about 61.0% (369/605). Compared with the pregnant women living in the large cities, the OR (95%CI) of those living in the poor rural areas was 1.46 (1.08-1.98). Compared with the pregnant women living in the south area of China, the OR (95%CI) of those living in the north area of China was 1.39 (1.15-1.68); Compared with the pregnant women in the first trimester, the OR (95%CI) of those in the second trimester and the third trimester were 1.79 (1.33-2.43) and 2.11 (1.56-2.85), respectively. The OR (95%CI) of pregnant women who had used folic acid supplementation within the 6 months prior to gestation was 0.76 (0.63-0.93) compared with those who had not used. Conclusion From 2010 to 2012, the epidemic characteristics of anemia was mild for the pregnant women in China, and pregnant women residential areas, periods of pregnancy and whether to take folic acid were related to anemia.

Objective: To examine the status and related factors for gestational weight gain of Chinese pregnant women at different trimesters in 2010-2012. Methods: Participants were from Chinese National Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. Using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, we recruited 2 805 singleton pregnant women with gestational age 13 weeks or more from 31 provinces of China. A standard questionnaire was used to collect general information and pre-pregnancy weight; body weight and height of pregnant women were measured using a unified weighing scale and stadiometer, dietary intake during the previous year was collected using a food frequency questionnaire. A multiple logistic regression was used to analyze potential factors associated with appropriate gestational weight gain. Results: Among 2 805 pregnant women, 1 441 were in the second (13-27 weeks) and 1 364 in the third trimesters (≥28 weeks) . In the 2^nd trimester, 229 cases (15.9%), 440 cases (30.5%) and 772 cases (53.6%) were insufficient gestational weight gain, appropriate gestational weight gain and excessive gestational weight gain respectively. So were 256 cases (18.8%), 474 cases (34.8%), 634 cases (46.5%) in the 3^rd trimester respectively. In the multivariate unconditional logistic model, less fruit intake was associated with insufficient weight gain for women in the 2^nd trimester (OR (95%CI): 1.58 (1.06-2.34)). Pregnant women with Han ethnicity who live in the small/medium city had lower risk of insufficient weight gain in the 3^rd trimester (OR (95%CI): 0.58 (0.34-0.98)). Those pregnant women with physical activity <1 hour/day had a higher risk of excessive weight gain (OR (95%CI): 1.33 (1.02-1.73)). Conclusion The prevalence of appropriate gestational weight gain was low in China. Our study suggests that pregnant weight gain is associated with fruit intake, types of residential area and physical activity.