Objective To study prevalence and clinical significance of coronary artery and aortic calcification in lung cancer screening using spiral CT. Methods 1877 subjects without symptom underwent lung cancer screening using spiral CT. Standard mediastinal windows were used for showing the presence or absence of calcification in coronary arteries and aorta.Results (1)The frequency of coronary artery calcification(CAC) was 15% in total 1877 subjects, the prevalence was higher in male than in famale(P0.05), the prevalence of aortic calcification increased with age in both male and famale. The frequency of calcification was the highest in the arch and lowest in the ascending aorta.Conclusion The lung cancer screening using spiral CT can be used to screen of coronary artery and aortic calcification.The detection of calcification of coronary arteries and aorta has important clinical significance which relates with coronary heart disease.

This study examined the value of volume rendering (VR) interpretation in assessing the growth of pulmonary nodular ground-glass opacity (nGGO). A total of 47 nGGOs (average size, 9.5 mm; range, 5.7-20.6 mm) were observed by CT scanning at different time under identical parameter settings. The growth of nGGO was analyzed by three radiologists by comparing the thin slice (TS) CT images of initial and repeat scans with side-by-side cine mode. One week later synchronized VR images of the two scans were compared by side-by-side cine mode to evaluate the nGGO growth. The nodule growth was rated on a 5-degree scale: notable growth, slight growth, dubious growth, stagnant growth, shrinkage. Growth standard was defined as: Density increase ≥ 30 HU and (or) diameter increase (by 20% in nodules ≥10 mm, 30% in nodules of 5-9 mm). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was performed. The results showed that 32 nGGOs met the growth criteria (29 nGGOs showed an increase in density; 1 nGGO showed an increase in diameter; 2 nGGOs showed an increase in both diameter and density). Area under ROC curve revealed that the performance with VR interpretation was better than that with TS interpretation (P<0.01, P<0.05 and P<0.05 for observers A, B and C respectively). Consistency between different observers was excellent with both VR interpretation (κ=0.89 for observers A&C, A&B, B&C) and TS interpretation (κ=0.71 for A&B, κ=0.68 for A&C, κ= 0.74 for B&C), but time spending was less with VR interpretation than with TS interpretation (P<0.0001, P<0.0001 and P<0.05 for observers A, B and C, respectively). It was concluded that VR is a useful technique for evaluating the growth of nGGO.

0bjective To investigate the relationships between the peripheral lung cancer and pulmonary vessels or bronchi by 16-row muhislice computed tomography(MSCT)and analyze the related factors.Methods Fifty-four patients with peripheral lung cancer confirmed pathologically underwent contrast-erdaanced MSC TI Multiplanar reformation(MPR)and maximum intensity projection(MIP)in all patients were used to demonstrate the relationships between the peripheral lung cancer and pulmonary vessels,bronchi.The relationships were categorized five types:Type 1,erupted at the edge of nodule. Type 2,erupted at the center of nodule.Type 3,penetrated through the nodule.Type 4,contacting the nodule but stretched or encased.Type 5,contacting the nodule but smoothly compressed.The pathology type,stage,size,density and location of the peripheral lung cancer were recorded and the relationships with five types were evaluated by using Chi-square test and correlation analysis.Results (1)Tumor-bronchi relationship:type 1(33,61.1%)was more often seen in≥2.0 cm and solid lesions with stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ.while Type 2(14,25.9%)was often seen in<2.0 am and part-solid or non-solid lesions with stage Ⅰ.(2)Tumor-PA relationship:Type 1 was more often seen in≥2.0 am and solid lesions with stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ.while Type 2 was often seen in part-solid or non-solid lesions with stage Ⅰ.(3)Tumor-PV relationship:type 4 was the most common type(29,53.7%).Type 2(13,24.1%)was more often seen in part-solid or non-solid lesions.(4)Tumor-bronchi relationship and tumor-PA relationship had a positive correlation(r=0.5265,P<0.01).Conclusions MSCT can demonstrate the relations between the peripheral lung cancer and bronchi.PA and PV.It is useful for the differential diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of the lung csncer.

This study examined the value of volume rendering (VR) interpretation in assessing the growth of pulmonary nodular ground-glass opacity (nGGO).A total of 47 nGGOs (average size,9.5mm; range,5.7-20.6 mm) were observed by CT scanning at different time under identical parameter settings.The growth of nGGO was analyzed by three radiologists by comparing the thin slice (TS) CT images of initial and repeat scans with side-by-side cine mode.One week later synchronized VR images of the two scans were compared by side-by-side cine mode to evaluate the nGGO growth.The nodule growth was rated on a 5-degree scale:notable growth,slight growth,dubious growth,stagnant growth,shrinkage.Growth standard was defined as:Density increase ≥ 30 HU and (or) diameter increase (by 20％ in nodules ≥10 mm,30％ in nodules of 5-9 mm).Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was performed.The results showed that 32 nGGOs met the growth criteria (29 nGGOs showed an increase in density; 1 nGGO showed an increase in diameter; 2 nGGOs showed an increase in both diameter and density).Area under ROC curve revealed that the performance with VR interpretation was better than that with TS interpretation (P＜0.01,P＜0.05 and P＜0.05 for observers A,B and C respectively).Consistency between different observers was excellent with both VR interpretation (κ=0.89 for observers A&C,A&B,B&C) and TS interpretation (κ=0.71 for A&B,κ=0.68 for A&C,κ=0.74 for B&C),but time spending was less with VR interpretation than with TS interpretation (P＜0.0001,P＜0.0001 and P＜0.05for observers A,B and C,respectively).It was concluded that VR is a useful technique for evaluating the growth of nGGO.

Objective:To investigate whether IL-7-secreting oncolytic herpes simplex virus(HSV)could activate CD8+T cells and inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:The expression of IL-7 was detected by Western blot.The in vitro cleavage of tumor cells by tumor oncolytic virus HSV and HSV-IL-7 were detected by crystal violet staining.The tumor inhibition ability of HSV-IL-7 and HSV were detected in subcutaneous transplanted tumor model.Levels of IL-7,IFN-γ and TNF-α in serum and tumor tissues were determined by ELISA.The infiltration of CD8+T cells in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.Flow cytometry was used to detect Granzyme B secretion in CD8+T cells infiltrated by tumor.Results:Tumor cells infected with HSV-IL-7 expressed high level of IL-7.Both HSV and HSV-IL-7 can effectively lyse B16-F10,CT-26 and H22 tumor cell lines in a dose-dependent manner in vitro.HSV-IL-7 could significantly inhibit the growth of H22 hepatoma cells in vivo(P<0.01)and prolong the survival time of tumor-bearing mice(P<0.001).HSV-IL-7 could significantly increase the IL-7 content in tumor sites(P<0.000 1),and effectively increase the number of tumor infiltrating CD8+T cells(P<0.001).HSV-IL-7 significantly enhanced Granzyme B secretion of tumor-infiltrating CD8+T cells and IFN-γ and TNF-α in tumor tissues(P<0.000 1).Conclusion:HSV-IL-7 has well tumor inhibition activity in vivo and in vitro.It also can activate the anti-tumor activity of CD8+T cells in vivo by secreting IL-7,inhibit tumor growth and prolong the survival time of tumor-bearing mice.

Objective:To detect serum levels of vitamin A (Vit A), vitamin D(Vit D)25-hydroxy vitamin D[25-(OH)D] and vitamin E(Vit E) in children aged 0-6 years in Tibetan Plateau of Garzi Prefecture, thus providing references for physical examinations and prevention of 4 key diseases (rickets, malnutrition anemia, pneumonia and diarrhea) in children in plateau areas by relevant government departments.Methods:A total of 2 122 children who participated in physical examination in 12 townships of Xiangcheng County and 14 townships of Daocheng County, Garzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province from April 2017 to April 2019 with 0-6 years old were recruited for surveying physical measurements and collection of venous blood.Serum Vit A and Vit E levels were detected by high performance liquid chromatography.Serum levels of 25-(OH)D were detected by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.The relationship between Vit A, Vit E and 25-(OH)D levels with the gender, age, seasonal change and altitude was analyzed.Results:The serum Vit A level, subclinical Vit A deficiency rate and marginal vitamin A deficiency rate were(1.05±0.27) μmol/L, 8.15%(173/2 122 cases) and 45.99%(976/2 122 cases), respectively in 2 122 children with 0-6 years old.There were significant differences in the serum Vit A level, the subclinical Vit A deficiency rate and the marginal vitamin A deficiency rate in children with different ages, seasons and altitudes (all P<0.05). The serum level of 25-(OH)D and 25-(OH)D deficiency rate insufficient rate were (24.65±6.45) ng/L, 6.03%(128/2 122 cases) and 16.59%(352/2 122 cases), respectively.There were significant differences in the serum level of 25-(OH)D, 25-(OH)D deficiency rate and 25-(OH)D insufficient rate in children with different ages and seasons (all P<0.05). The mean serum Vit E level, Vit E deficiency rate and Vit E insufficient rate were (7.81±1.74) mg/L, 2.78%(59/2 122 cases) and 29.59%(628/2 122 cases), respectively.There were significant differences in serum Vit E level, Vit E deficiency rate and Vit E insufficient rate in children with different ages and seasons (all P<0.05). The mean serum levels of Vit A and Vit D remained the lowest before the age of 1 year, and their deficiencies at this age were the most significant.The mean serum level of Vit E remained the lowest in >1-2 years old, and its deficiency and insufficient at this age were the most significant.Vit A, D and E levels were significantly affected by seasonal changes, which were significantly higher in the summer than in the spring, autumn and winter.In addition, Vit A and 25-(OH)D were significantly affected by the altitude, which were the lowest above 4 km altitude. Conclusions:The overall serum levels of Vit A, 25-(OH) D and E in children with 0-6 years old in Tibetan Plateau areas of Ganzi Prefecture are lower than those in plain areas.Vit A, 25-(OH) D and Vit E levels significantly differed in the age, season and altitude, which are related to the lack of local resources, insufficient maternal nutrition during pregnancy and insufficient intake after birth, as well as temperature and light caused by changes in local seasons and altitude.Therefore, it is necessary to make reasonable supplements during pregnancy to prevent vitamin deficiency.

Objective : To investigate the regulatory role of ubiquitin-specific protease 10 ( USP10) on the protein expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and its impact on the proliferation and invasion ability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells． Methods : The protein expression differences of USP10 and KLF4 in normal liver cell line L02 and HCC cell lines，including HepG2，HUH7，HCCLM3 were detected by immunoblotting ( Western blot ) methods．HCCLM3 and HUH7 cells were selected，and lentiviral particles overexpressing or silencing USP10 ( oe- USP10 or sh-USP10) was transfected into the cells，and they were designated as the oe-USP10 group and oe-NC group，respectively．Immunoprecipitation ( Co-IP) experiments were conducted to examine whether USP10 could di- rectly interact with KLF4 in HCCLM3 or HUH7 cells．The Co-IP assay was repeated in HCC cells transfected with oe-USP10 or sh-USP10，with the addition of the proteasome inhibitor MG132，which used to detect the ubiquitina- tion level of KLF4 protein in the transfected HCC cells．The pcDNA3. 1 vector containing overexpressed KLF4 or its negative control plasmid (pc-KLF4 or pc-NC) was co-transfected into cells of the sh-USP10 group or sh-NC group. These cells were designated as the sh-NC + pc-NC group，sh-USP10 + pc-NC group，sh-NC + pc-KLF4 group，and sh-USP10 + pc-KLF4 group．The cell proliferation activity of each group was measured using the CCK-8 assay，and the cell invasion ability was assessed using the Transwell assay. Results : Compared to L02 cells，the protein expres- sion of USP10 and KLF4 significantly decreased in HepG2，HUH7，HCCLM3，and other cells (P＜0. 05) ．In HC- CLM3 and HUH7 cells，USP10 protein directly interacted with KLF4．Furthermore，treatment with MG132 resulted in a time-dependent increase in KLF4 protein expression in HCCLM3 and HUH7 cells．Silencing USP10 increased the ubiquitination of KLF4 in HCCLM3 or HUH7 cells，while overexpressing USP10 decreased the ubiquitination level of KLF4 in cells．Compared to the sh-NC + pc-NC group，both the proliferation activity and invasion ability of HCCLM3 and HUH7 cells significantly increased in the sh-USP10 + pc-NC group (P ＜0. 01) ，while they signifi- cantly decreased in the sh-NC + pc-KLF4 group and sh-USP10 + pc-KLF4 group (P＜0. 05) ．Compared to the sh- USP10 + pc-NC group，the proliferation activity and invasion ability of cells significantly decreased in the sh-USP10 + pc-KLF4 group (P＜0. 05) ． Conclusion USP10 can promote the stability of KLF4 protein through deubiquiti- nation in HCC cell lines，thereby inhibiting the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells.