In China,maternal-infantile transmission of infected chronic hepatitis B is the major route of transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV).Maternal-infantile transmission interruption is stronger measures to control hepatitis B prevalence and hazards.Now published guidance on maternal-infantile transmission interruption still not reached a consensus.The hot issues such as prenatal hepatitis B imnmune globulin,antiviral treatment,postpartum join immune to interrupt mother-to-child transmission are addressed in the paper.

Objective To explore the changes of sweat ducts in nail fold microcirculation among population migrating from plain to plateau.Methods The nail fold microcirculations of123male youngers migrating from plain to plateau were examined with microcirculation microscope during the6-day living at altitude of2800m,6-day,2-month,and6-12-month living at alti-tude of4700m respectively,using the intravital microscopy and indexes of microcirculation recommended by TIAN Niu.Re -sults The increasing rates of the number of sweat ducts increased significantly with the altitudes and the prolongation of living period among population migrating from plain to plateau.The total weighted score of nail fold microcirculation increased,the blood flow velocity slowed down,the red blood cell aggregation became heavier,the diameter of the afferened limb,the output branch and opexes changed significantly with the increase of the number of sweat ducts.Conclusion The changes of sweat ducts had a hand in these mens physiological adaptation and mechanism of acclimation in high altitude,also maintained close links and effect with the functional change and some pathology of nail fold microcirculation.

Vaccines are the most effective means of preventing and controlling infectious diseases.Immune system of premature infants and low birth weight infants are weaker and they have a higher risk of complication from vaccine-preventable diseases than full term infants.Vaccination is often delayed in preterm infants and low birth weight infants in China since the healthcare workers and parents worry about safety and effectiveness of vaccines.The delayed vaccination increases the rate of preventable infections.Therefore,timely and reasonable vaccination is very important for preterm infants and low birth weight infants.

Objective To investigate the features,diagnosis and treatment of plasma cell mastitis,looked forward to improving the awareness of plasma cell mastitis and raising the cure rate.Methods Retrospectively analysized the clinical data of 43 patients suffering from plasma cell mastitis from March 2000 to January 2013,to summarize the methods of diagnosis and treatment.Results All forty-three patients were treated by surgery.Thirty-nine patients were undergone partial resection of breast.Four patients recurred after simple incision and drainage having been misdiagnosed breast abscess initially.Then the four patients adopted partial resection of breast.All forty-three patients were postoperative followuped from 9 months to 3 years,three cases with reoperation of recurrence were no relapse again.Conclusions The clinical feature of plasma cell mastitis is sophisticated with misdiagnosis and mistreatment.The final diagnosis depends on pathological examination.Operation is the effective method to cure the disease.It is very important to select the correct timing of surgery and the operative method for plasma cell mastitis.

Objective To determine the minimum alveolar concentration(MAC)of sevoflurane for blunting the responses to removal of the laryngeal mask airway(LMA)in 50%anesthetized children.Methods Twenty-five ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ children aged 3-8 yr undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia weTe enrolled in this stuay.Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of 8%Sevoflurane.LMA was inserted when the children lost eyelash reflex and the lower jaw was relaxed.Anesthesia was maintained with 3%sevoflurane.All the children kept spontaneous breathing during operation.Assisted ventilation waw performed when necessary to maintain PET CO2 at 35-45 mm Hg.After the surgery the target end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was maintained for 10 min before LMA was removed.Up-and-down sequential allocation was used to determine山e MAC.The initial end-tidal concentration was 1%and was increased/decreased by 20%in the next patient if the extubation response was positive or negative.Limb movement,breath-holding,laryngosposm and hypoxemia(SpO2<95%)were considered to be the signs of positive response.The midpoint from positive response to negative response was made the balance point.and the mean value ofthe concentrations of sevoflurane at all the balance points were calculated as MAC.Results The end-tidal sevoflurane concentration for blunting the responses to removal of LMA was 0.98%.Conclusion The MAC of sevoflilrane for blunting the responses to removal of LMA in 50%anesthetized children(aged 3-8 yr)is 0.98%.

For the minimized phase transtorming risk, the most stable polymorph is generally considered as the desirable solid form for pharmaceutical applications. However, occasionally, the stable form may have some shortcomings such as low solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability, etc. In that case, the metastable form which is kinetically stable at room or lower temperature could be selected. Using metastable form may result in polymorph transformation in pharmaceutical manufacture and storage. Hence, the knowledge of the transformation between solid forms is essential to the development of the drug materials. In this paper, we will review the recent studies in the area of crystal conversion of polymorphs and hydrates, to illustrate some cases to introduce the types, conditions and mechanisms of the crystalline solid transformation.

Colonoscopy has become the most commonly used method to the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal diseases at present.Colonoscopic perforation is considered the most serious complication with high mortality, especially in the patients with certain risk factors and iatrogenic factors, despite of its low incidence.According to the clinical features in the period of perioperative colonoscopy, early detection of colonoscopic perforation is a prerequisite for successful treatment and the key to lower mortality.So far in the treatment,some methods can be selected, including conservative treatment, open surgery, laparoscopic surgery and endoscopy folders, etc.Clinical judgement and analysis of disease should be specific and accurate, but not to be generalized.Doctors should adopt reasonable and effective treatment options according to clinical performance, the size of perforation,intestinal readiness, time of diagnosis, colon primary lesion and so on.

OBJECTIVE: This research aims to investaigate the effect of cetuximab and dendritic cells (DCs) to kill the head and neck squamous cell (HNSCC), in order to provide a new way for the patients of HNSCC. METHOD: DCs were induced from peripheral blood monocytes by rhIL-4, rhGM-CSF and TNF-alpha in vitro, 7days later, detecting the surface marks of DCs for example CD83, CD86, and then using MTT and flow cytometry detecting the effect T lymphocytes induced by DCs combining cetuximab to kill HNSCC; EGFR and pEGFR in each group were anlysised by Western blot. RESULT: It is successful to induce DCs in vitro. Mature DCs (mDCs) expressed the suface mark such as CD83, CD86 higher compared with immature DCs (imDCs). Compared with other groups, cetuximab combined with DCs significantly enhanced the cytotoxicty and apoptosis to HNSCC (P < 0.05). pEGFR were gradually reduced as the concenetration of cetuximab increasing (P < 0.05). However, comparing with the group of cetuximab, the group of cetuximab combined with DC has no significant difference at the same concentration of cetuximab. In each group EGFR also has no significant diference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Cetuximab and DCs have synergistic effects, which can significantly enhance the killing effect of HNSCC.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Cetuximab ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective To study the isolation and phenotype of peripheral blood pDC 1 and pDC 2 in rhesus monkey.Methods Peripheral blood monoclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy, SIV-negative rhesus monkeys (M.mulatta) using Ficoll-Hypaque density separation. DC precursors were identified and were sorted by 3 color rare-event cytometric flow analysis using human monoclonal antibodies cross reactive with rhesus monkey. Results DC subsets were identified within the lineage- HLA-DR+ fraction of PBMCs and maintained activities. Myeloid DC (pDC 1) showed the phenotype lineage-, HLA-DR+ and BDCA 1+; Lymphoid DC (pDC 2)showed the phenotype lineage-, HLA-DR+ and CD123+ (IL-3R?+).Conclusions We have identified the rhesus monkey pDC 1 and pDC 2 similar to those from human beings. Identification of pDC 1 and pDC 2 is an important first step towards testing of these important immunomodulatory APC in the therapy of allograft rejection in non-human primates.

Objective To establish a SYBR green Ⅰ real-time PCR method for detecting serum miR-21 and preliminarily explore its value in diagnosing breast cancer.Methods Total RNA was extracted from serum by Trizol reagent.Then miR-16 ( internal reference gene for miR-21 ) and miR-21 were reverse transcribed into corresponding cDNA by stem-loop RT primers.Their cDNA were amplified and detected by using SYBR green Ⅰ real-time PCR.The accuracy of assay was analyzed by signal to noise ratio (SNR) ; the specificity of assay was evaluated by melting curve; the precision of assay was assessed by R2 of standard curve and the stability of assay was calculated by intra-assay and inter-assay variation.Furthermore,the level of miR-21 and miR-16 were detected by this method among the serum samples of 33 breast cancer patients,18 benign breast disease patients and 49 healthy individuals.And the sensitivity and specificity in breast cancer diagnosis were evaluated according to cut-off value which was defined by relative expressions of miR-21 between breast cancer patients and healthy population.Results Through optimization of temperature and time in the annealing and extension stage during PCR,SNR was ≥99.36％ ; peak of melting curve was single; R2 of standard curve was 0.994 8 and Coefficient of Variance (CV) of intra-assay ＜ 1.5％,CV of inter-assay ＜4％.They indicated that this method was accurate,specific,precise and stable.When miR-16 was taken as internal reference,the relative expressions of serum miR-21 detected by SYBR green Ⅰ realtime PCR among the serum samples of breast cancer patients,benign breast disease patients and healthy population were 20.83 ± 18.18,20.86 ± 10.11 and 9.33 ±4.44,which had statistical significance among of them (x2 =16.92,P ＜ 0.001 ).There was statistical significance in healthy people vs breast cancer patients ( Z =- 2.58,P ≤ 0.01 ) and healthy people vs benign breast disease patients ( Z =- 4.42,P ≤0.01 ),but was not between breast cancer patients and benign breast cancer patients (Z =-0.51,P =0.608).When the value of 18.32 for the relative expressions of miR-21 was defined as cut-off value,the sensitivity and specificity of this method to diagnose breast cancer were 51.5％ (17/33)and 93.9％ (46/49),respectively.Conclusions A sensitive,specific and stable SYBR green Ⅰ real-time PCR for detecting serum miR-21 has been established.This method may have some diagnostic value for breast cancer.