The saying that the herbal Heshouwu were present in "male" and "female" forms was studied as for its trivical name, pharmacognosy and drug action.Results of the study showed that the So-called "female" Heshouwu is actually Cynanchum bungei Decne and the "male" form is Polygonum multiflorum. Coincidently, the historical origin of such saying was briefly discussed.

OBJECTIVE:To ensure drug use safety and lower drug-induced risks.METHODS:Based on risk management theory and USA-EU drug risk management system,we analyzed the contents of drug risk management,the relationship between drug safety and drug risk,and the classification of drug-risk factors etc.And some suggestions were put forward.RESULT & CONCLUSION:The introduction of drug-risk management system can help facilitate the normalization and standardization of drug safety control,maximize drug benefit and minimize drug risk.

Objective: To discuss the clinical features of basaloid squamous carcinoma(BSC)and the factors relating to its prognosis and to compare patient survival between poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma(PDSC)and BSC. Methods: Clinical and pathological data of BSC and PDSC cases seen in our hospital between January 2004 and December 2008 were reviewed. Results: There were no statistical differences in demographic and clinical features between PDSC and BSC patients,with the exception that a larger proportion of BSC patients were female(P=-0.001).Additionally,higher tobacco consumption was observed among BSC male patients (P=0.003).There were no significant differences in survival rate between BSC and PDSC groups(X2=0.03,P=0.5470).The median survival time of BSC and PDSC patients was 19 months and 30 months，respectively.The 4-year survival rate was 22.4%and 36.1%，respectively(u=0.740,P=0.230).No significant difference was found in survival rate between stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ patients(X~2=0.109，P=0.2974).The median survival time of stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ patients was 19 months and 46 months，respectively；and the 4-year survival rate of stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ patients was 47.3% and 45.2%，respectively(u=0.122，P=0.450).Using Cox proportional hazard model，we found that surgical types and clinical stages of BSC were correlated with its prognosis.Compared with that of patients who received lobectomy,the postoperative mortality hazard of patients who received pneumonectomy and segmentectomy was increased by 1.379 times(P=0.031)and 1.634 times(P=0.061)，respectively.A more advanced clinical stage was associated with an increase in the postoperative morta,ty hazard ratio(X~2=14.12,P=0.000).The postoperative mortality hazard of patients of stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ was 2.437 times higher than that of stage Ⅰ patients(P=0.018).There were no statistical differences in postoperative mortality risk between stage Ⅰ patients and stage Ⅱ patients(P=0.057). Conclusion: Compared with that of PDSC,the incidence of BSC is higher among females.However,there is no difference in the prognosis between BSC and PDSC.BSC can be treated with the same therapies as those for other types of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).

Objective To explore the remodeling modes and the plaque distribution of atherosclerotic BA at 3.0T high resolution MRI.Methods 90 symptomatic patients with atherosclerotic stenosis of BA on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) (50 ％-99 ％) were recruited consecutively.Luminal area,vessel area of maximal narrow sites and the reference sites were measured.The differences of involved imaging parameters between negative group and positive group were analyzed.Results 51 patients with required imaging quality were enrolled finally.Among the 51 patients,the rate of positive remodeling cases was 72.5％ (37/51) and negative remodeling took over 27.5％ (14/51).Compared with the negative remodeling group,the positive remodeling group had greater plaque size,larger plaque burden percentage,and higher maximal wall thickness at maximal lumen narrowing sites.The plaques were mainly located at ventral wall of the vessel.Conclusion 3.0T high-resolution MR imaging could be applied in assessing the remodeling modes and plaque distribution of BA stenosis.

Objective: To improve the current understanding on the imaging features of pancreatic schwannoma. Methods: Clinical data of pancreatic schwannoma patients admitted in Changhai Hospital affiliated with Navy Medical University from January 1989 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, related literature on pancreatic schwannomas was retrieved through the Chinese and English database, and clinical and imaging features of pancreatic schwannoma were analyzed. Results: A total of 84 cases were analyzed, including 3 cases of pancreatic schwannomas in Changhai hospital, and 81 cases reported in the literature. The age of onset was 17-78 years old, with an average of 55 years. There were 30 males and 54 females. The main symptoms were abdominal pain or the detection of pancreatic mass via body check. Pancreatic schwannoma was mainly in pancreatic head, and the lesion has a long diameter of 1-18 cm with an average of 4.6 cm, which can be solid, cystic (most frequent) and cystic-solid. The border of the lesion from the normal tissue was clear, and semi-transparent capsule composed of neural external membrane and fiber were often found. 15 patients underwent endoscopic ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration, and diagnostic accuracy was 73.3%(11/15). No typical findings for pancreatic schwannoma was detected on CT. MRI was performed in 35 cases, and 12 cases had complete data. The characteristics of target sign were tumor tissue in completely low signal at T₁WI, and in partially low signal and partially high signal at T₂WI, and completely opposite signal characteristics of T₂WI area after T₁ enhancement, referring to the finding that low T₂WI signal part was gradually enhanced to be high signal, but high signal part was not enhanced and in low signal. Conclusions Pancreatic schwannoma is rare, and its target signs by MRI have imaging features which can help to improve the preoperative diagnosis.

Objective:To study the effect of Tanhuo Formula (THW) on the expression of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), Caspase-3 and angiogenesis.Methods:Rats were divided into sham group, model group, low-dose THW group, medium-dose THW group, high-dose THW group and Ginaton group according to random number table method. Except the sham group, rats in other groups were subjected to the middle cerebral artery occlusion via a suture method. After 2 hours,rats in the low, medium and high dose of THW groups were gavaged with 0.92, 1.84 and 3.68 g/kg of THW dry extract powder solution respectively, and the Ginaton group were gavaged with 60 mg/kg of Ginaton, once every 24 hours for 3 days. Rats in sham operation group and model group were given equal volume of normal saline by gavage. The limb symmetry score was used to evaluate limb dysfunctions. The immunofluorescence staining of GFAP and Caspase-3 were applied to assess astrocyte activation and neuronal apoptosis, respectively. The double-labeled immunofluorescence staining of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31) and chondroitinsulphate peoteoglycan (NG2) were performed to detect angiogenesis.Results:Compared with the model group, rats in the high-dose of THW group showed increased limb symmetry score ( P<0.01 or P<0.05), increased number of Caspase-3 (cortex: 765.0±122.4 vs. 1 131.0±392.9; striatum: 895.9±389.8 vs. 1 401.9±453.1) ( P<0.01 or P<0.05) and CD31 +/NG2 + (cortex: 1 355.0±257.9 vs. 825.4±308.1; striatum: 1 290.9±400.9 vs. 675.2±259.7) ( P<0.01) positive cells in the periinfarct cortex and striatum, and attenuated the integrated optical density of GFAP in the perilesional cortex (4 210.00±1 226.38 vs. 7 935.78±2 001.98) ( P<0.01). Conclusions:THW could ameliorate the limb functional disorders, inhibit astroglia activation, down-regulate the expression of Caspase-3, and enhanced angiogenesis in MCAO rats.

Objective:To explore the value of 3.0 T high resolution MRI (HR-MRI) in the follow-up of drug treatment in acute and non-acute ischemic stroke caused by middle cerebral artery (MCA) plaque.Methods:The perspective study enrolled patients with ischemic stroke caused by MCA stenosis from October 2012 to October 2015 in the department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Naval Medical University. All the patients underwent HR-MRI and then were divided into acute and non-acute stroke groups according to the intervels of the last symptom onset to the time of HR-MRI examination. All patients were informed consent to receive antiplatelet drug and intensive lipid therapy and followed up with HR-MRI. The HR-MRI sequence including T 2WI, T 1WI and contrast-enhanced T 1WI of vessel wall, and T 2WI and DWI of brain were routinely performed. T-test of paired samples was used to evaluate the changes of stenosis rate of vascular lumen, plaque enhancement degree, plaque volume and plaque burden on HR-MRI, and the NIHSS score of nervous system and blood biochemical indicators of the patients before and after treatment. Chi square test was used to compare the difference in ischemic event recurrcence between the acute and the non-acute stroke group. Results:A total of 31 acute stroke patients and 20 non-acute stroke patients were enrolled in the study. The mean follow-up time of acute stroke group was (671.71±522.86) days. Compare with the baseline, the stenosis rate of vascular lumen ( P=0.039), plaque enhancement degree ( P<0.001), plaque volume ( P=0.024) and plaque burden ( P=0.031) were all improved after the drug treatment, the NIHSS score of nervous system was also significantly improved, and the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in 12 patients were significantly decreased. The mean follow-up time of patients with non-acute stroke was (695.35±555.90) days. The stenosis rate of vascular lumen, plaque enhancement degree, plaque volume and plaque burden were slightly improved, but without statistical significance ( P>0.05). There were no significant changes in NIHSS score of nervous system, TC, triglyceride (TG) and LDL-C ( P>0.05), however the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly increased than that in the baseline ( P=0.02). During the follow-up period, no new cerebral infarction was found in the DWI images of the two groups. Six patients had transient ischemic attack (TIA) recurrence in the acute stroke group and 5 patients in the non-acute stroke group, there was no significant difference between both groups(χ 2=0.229, P= 0.632). Conclusion:HR-MRI can be used as an important evaluation method for the follow-up of MCA atherosclerotic plaque therapy. After antiplatelet therapy and intensive lipid-lowering therapy, the plaque volume and burden of MCA offending plaque, and plaque enhancement decreased in acute stroke patients but there was no significant change in non-acute patients.

The human Gadd45 protein family plays critical roles in DNA repair, negative growth control, genomic stability, cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis. Here we report the crystal structure of human Gadd45γ [corrected], revealing a unique dimer formed via a bundle of four parallel helices, involving the most conserved residues among the Gadd45 isoforms. Mutational analysis of human Gadd45γ [corrected] identified a conserved, highly acidic patch in the central region of the dimer for interaction with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p21 and cdc2, suggesting that the parallel dimer is the active form for the interaction. Cellular assays indicate that: (1) dimerization of Gadd45γ [corrected] is necessary for apoptosis as well as growth inhibition, and that cell growth inhibition is caused by both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; (2) a conserved and highly acidic patch on the dimer surface, including the important residues Glu87 and Asp89, is a putative interface for binding proteins related to the cell cycle, DNA repair and apoptosis. These results reveal the mechanism of self-association by Gadd45 proteins and the importance of this self-association for their biological function.
Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; CDC2 Protein Kinase ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Survival ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclin B ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutation, Missense ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Ultraviolet Rays