For the minimized phase transtorming risk, the most stable polymorph is generally considered as the desirable solid form for pharmaceutical applications. However, occasionally, the stable form may have some shortcomings such as low solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability, etc. In that case, the metastable form which is kinetically stable at room or lower temperature could be selected. Using metastable form may result in polymorph transformation in pharmaceutical manufacture and storage. Hence, the knowledge of the transformation between solid forms is essential to the development of the drug materials. In this paper, we will review the recent studies in the area of crystal conversion of polymorphs and hydrates, to illustrate some cases to introduce the types, conditions and mechanisms of the crystalline solid transformation.

The author analyses the chance and challenge of foreign periodicals booking in hospital libraries following China entering WTO and under the network environment,and proposes some effective solutions.

ObjectiveTo compare the CT features of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB) and neuroblastoma (NB) in children,and summarize the differentiations between them.Methods From November 2007 to November 2011,19 patients with GNB and 21 patients with NB proven pathologically were enrolled in the study.The CT data of GNB and NB were analyzed retrospectively.These tumor parameters in CT included lesion location,size,shape,margin,calcification,across central line,style of contrast enhancement,degree of contrast enhancement,presence of small vessels in or around the tumor arranged in clumps or in line,tumor embolus,adjacent organs invasion or metastasis,lymph node metastasis,and relationship between tumor and surrounding great vessels.These parameters of both groups were compared by x2 and t test.ResultsIn GNB group,11 patients were located in adrenal gland and 8 patients in the retroperitoneal sympathetic chain; however,in NB group,18 patients were located in adrenal gland and 3 patients in the retroperitoneal sympathetic chain. The difference were statistical significances in the incidence rate of regular morphology,clear border,vessel encased by tumor,vessels displaced,presence of small vessels in /around the tumor arranged in clumps or in line,adjacent organs invasion or viscera metastasis,lymph node metastasis between NB (6/21,7/21,14/21,7/21,11/21,10/21,and 11/21,respectively) and GNB ( 12/19,13/19,6/19,13/19,4/19,3/19 and 4/19,respectively) ( P ＜ 0.05 ).However,there was no statistical significance in size,calcification,across central line,contrast enhancement type,contrast enhancement degree between them ( P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionsNB are more likely located at adrenal gland and presented a higher incidence rate of presence of small vessels in or around the tumor which arranged in clumps or in line,vessel encased by tumor,adjacent organs invasion or metastasis and lymph node metastasis.Regular morphology,clear border and vessels displaced are more frequently observed in GNB.

Objective To determine the optimum dose of pentazocine when combined with propofol for gastroscopy in elderly patients.Methods One hundred and forty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 6575 yr,scheduled for elective gastroscopy under general anesthesia,were randomly assigned into Ⅰ-Ⅳ groups (n =35 each) using a random number table.Before insertion of the gastroscope,pentazocine 0.2,0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg were injected intravenously in Ⅱ-Ⅳ groups,respectively,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in Ⅰ group.Propofol was then administered by target-controlled infusion (TCI).The half-effective concentration (EC50 of propofol was determined by up-and-down sequential trial.The target plasma concentration (Cp) was set at 3.5 μg/ml in the first patient.Gastroscopy was performed at 5 min after the target effect-site and plasma concentrations were balanced.The response to gastroscopy was defined as positive when body movement and/or bucking occurred during gastroscopy.Each time the Cp increased/decreased by 0.3 μg/ml in the next patient depending on whether or not the response to gastroscopy was positive.EC50 and 95 ％ confidence interval of propofol TCI inhibiting the response to gastroscopy were calculated using Probit analysis.The development of respiratory depression and hypotension was observed.Results EC50 (95 ％ confidence interval) of propofol TCI inhibiting the response to gastroscopy was 2.82 (2.63-3.02) μg/ml,2.78 (2.58-2.97) μg/ml,2.16 (2.00-2.32) μg/ml and 2.03 (1.88-2.19) μg/ml in Ⅰ-Ⅳ groups,respectively.Compared with group Ⅰ,EC50 was significantly decreased in Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups,and the incidence of respiratory depression was increased in Ⅳ group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The optimum dose of pentazocine when combined with propofol is 0.4 mg/kg for gastroscopy in elderly patients.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between gene polymorphisms of disease-relevant multiple cytokines including TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10,TGF-β1,IFN-γand acute graft versus host disease(aGVHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell trans-plantation ( allo-HSCT ) . Methods:32 cases of recipients received allo-HSCT and 36 cases of normal groups in January 2014 to December 2015 were selected as objects of study. We detected genotypes on specific SNP of target genes by polymerase chain reation ( PCR) combined with gene sequencing and observed the occurrence of aGVHD in postoperative recipients. The influence of cytokine gene polymorphisms on prognosis of allo-HSCT patients was analyzed,and the potential relationship between specific SNP mutation of the disease-relevant cytokine genes and severity of aGVHD was discussed. Results:Distribution of cytokines gene polymorphism including TNF-α-308(G/A),IL-6-174(G/C),IL-10-1082(A/G),TGF-β1+915(G/C),IFN-γ(T/A) had no significant differences with incidence of severe aGVHD(P>0. 05). However,the occurrence of severe aGVHD in allo-HSCT recipients with C/T genotype was significantly higher than C/C and T/T in SNP of TGF-β1+869(P<0. 01). Conclusion:Gene polymorphism of TGF-β1+869(C/T) in allo-HSCT patients was closely related to the occurrence of severe aGVHD. The research show allo-HSCT patients with C/T genotype occurred severe aGVHD more frequently, which is an important potential risk factor to induce the incidence of severe aGVHD. Therefore,detecting gene polymorphism of TGF-β1+869 ( C/T ) in allo-HSCT recipients and developing the appropriate therapeutic regimen may be helpful to reduce the incidence of aGVHD.

Objective　To compare the effects of mild hypothe rmic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and moderate hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypas s in pediatric cardiac surgery. Methods　A total of 118 cas es of less than 3 years of age that had undergone open heart surgery were review ed, in which 46 patients received moderate hypothermic CPB(group 1) and 72 patie nts received mild hypothermic CPB(group 2). The CPB duration, incidence of low c ardiac output and postoperative concentration of CK-MK, etc, were compared with each other betwee n the two groups. Results　Duration of bypass and postoperative mechanical respiratory assistance of group 2 was shorter than that of group 1 ( P<0.05). Transfusion requirements, incidence of low cardiac output syndrome, concentration of CK-ME and percentage of metabolic acidosis were lower in grou p 2 than in group 1 (P<0.05), while the index of oxygenation was higher in g roup 2(P<0.05). Conclusion　The mild hypothermic CPB is saf er and more effective and therefore is superior to moderate hypothermic CPB in p ediatric cardiac surgery.

Abstract: Lipoproteins are biological lipids carriers. The natural and reconstituted lipoprotein based drug delivery systems have been extensively developed in recent years. This article reviews the development of natural and reconstituted low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein based vehicles in the antitumor area.

Objective To prepare a novel bioactive and degradable scaffold with mineralized collagenpolyose based composite by biomimetic synthesis for bone tissue engineering and explore the compatibility of osteoblast culturing on the scaffold. Methods Two kinds of polyelectrolyte were assembled on the surface of diatomite particles in order to adsorbe on nano-zirconia through opposite charges. Zeta potential,particle size and size distribution were compared before and after the modification of diatomite; IR was used to analysis molecular structure of functional group changes on the surface of diatomite particles, nano-composite powder morphology was observed by SEM. Results Two kinds of the polyelectrolyte were successfully assembled on the surface of diatomite powders. Particle size and size distribution were significantly reduced, d (0.5) reduce from 16.421 μm to 0.420 μm. SEM showed the dispersion of the modified diatomite was improved and had a good adsorption with nano-zirconia. Conclusion Layer-by-layer technique could enhance the dispersion of diatomite-based dental ceramic powders as well as a good adsorption of nano-composite ceramic powder.

Objective To investigate the CT features of hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma (HMH)in children.Methods Nine patients with HMH confirmed by postoperative pathology were enrolled,including 4 were males and 5 were females.Their age ranged from 3 days to 9 years 5 months (the median age was 7 months).All patients admitted due to palpable abdominal mass without jaundice.All patients were examed by contrast-enhanced CT before the operation.Results All the 9 cases showed solitary hepatic mass,among which 6 were in the right lobe,2 were in the left lobe and 1 involved in both lobes.The tumor size ranged from 7.0 to 22.5 cm (mean size was 13.5 cm) in diameter.The CT manifestations of HMH was related to the proportion and distribution of component in the masses.The masses were cystic (n =1),cystic-solid mixed (n =6) and solid (n =3).After contrast administration,the solid component and the septa of the mass showed enhancement while cystic component was not enhanced.Calcification was seen inside the tumor in one case.Conclusions The CT features of HMH in children are multitudinous which are related to postoperative pathological findings.With the clinical history,it is easy to distinguish HMH from the other hepatic tumors.

Objective To assess potential suitability of the intercostal artery as a conduit in coronary bypass graft.Methods Collected 36 cases of chinese adult thoracic aorta CTA original cross-sectional images,the images were retrospectively reconstructed under volume rendering technology (VR),multi-planar reconstruction (MPR),curved planar reformation (CPR) and maximum intensity projection(MIP).Observed and measured the data of the 8th,9th and 10th bilateral intercostal arteries and internal thoracic arteries.Results Toshiba 320-slice volume scanning CT can clearly display the intercostal arteries.The average length and diameter at corresponding point of the left and right 8-10th intercostal artery is similar,all the length is longer than 180 mm,and the diameter at axillary line is all bigger than 2.1 mm,the mean length of right intercostal arteries is slightly longer than the left intercostal arteries,the diameter at each corresponding point of left and right intercostal artery is similar,and equivalent to approximately 85％-90％ of internal thoracic artery.Conclusion Intercostal artery can be used as an ideal alternative vessel in coronary artery bypass grafting.