Objective To explore the clinical outcome of individuals with Clinical High Risk (CHR) for psychosis and its relationship with Theory of Mind (ToM) function.Methods The Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms/Scale of Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS/SOPS) was applied to assess prodromal psychosis.The Reading the mind in the Eyes and faux pas Task were conducted to assess the function of Theory of Mind among the individuals of clinical high risk of psychosis.All participants had completed the 2-year follow-up.Conversion was determined using the criteria of presence of psychotic symptoms (POPS).According to the outcome,CHR individuals were divided into conversion group (n=20) and no-conversion group (n=50).The baseline clinical symptom characteristics and Theory of Mind were compared between groups.Results There was no significant difference in clinical symptom characteristics among individuals with CHR (P＞0.05).In the faux pas text,there were significant differences in Faux Pas Detection (P=0.01),Faux Pas Understanding (P=0.01) and Faux Pas Total (P=0.02) but not in control stories and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test between convertors and non-convertors (P＞0.05).Conclusion The ToM disability in clinical high risk population increases risk for conversion to psychosis.

OBJECTIVE:To provide empirical reference for protecting the supply of clinical drugs. METHODS:Literature re-view was combined with the conditions of drugs that lost the bidding in the centralized bidding in Anhui province to determine the short drugs need to investigate. Questionnaire was adopted to investigate the situations and reasons of short drugs in 5 third-grade class-A hospitals of 5 areas in Anhui province from Nov. 2013 to Oct. 2014. RESULTS:A total of 5 questionnaires were sent out, and 5 were received with effective response rate of 100%. There were totally 54 short drugs in the 5 third-grade class-A hospitals, including the most serious shortage of drugs for neurocirculatory system,accounting for 20.37%. Shortage was mainly due to the low price of drugs,accounting for 48.15%,and insufficient supply,less suffering patients/low dosage and other reasons. CON-CLUSIONS:In view of the shortage of drugs,government departments should improve the drug pricing and bidding policy,pro-duction enterprises should enhance the enterprise production and development capabilities,business companies should optimize the distribution pattern of network and medical institutions should establish drug management system with a clear division of power and responsibility to relieve the drug shortages.

Objective To compare and analyze clinical and pathological data of autopsyconfirmed invasive fungal disease (IFD) in elderly patients in order to achieve a better understanding of the clinical and pathological characteristics of IFD.Methods A total of 18 cases of IFD were diagnosed by autopsy from 1984 to 2014 at Beijing Hospital.Clinical and pathological data of IFD,including risk factors,clinical manifestation,X-ray and pathological characteristics,were analyzed retrospectively.Results The 18 cases were all male wvith an average age of (83.7±7.2) years and each patient had at least one risk factor for IFD.Of them,14 patients (77.8％) suffered malignancies of various origins.With respect to the pathogens,Mucor (6 cases) was the most common one,followed by Aspergilla (4 cases),Mycotoruloides (4 cases) and Cryptococci (2 cases).The lung was the most frequently implicated organ wvith 13 cases (72.2％),followed by the gastrointestinal tract.Vascular erosion was an important pathological characteristic of fungal infection,whose presentations included vasculitis,hemorrhage and embolism in tissues and organs.14 patients died from fungal infection-related causes,of which.massive hemorrhage as a result of vascular erosion by fungal infection was responsible for four patients' deaths.Conclusions Malignancies are an important risk factor for invasive fungal disease in elderly patients.Vascular erosion is a significant character of fungal infection.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Huagan Jiedu decoction in treatment of chronic hepatitis B by testing the influence of the decoction on Serum IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ of rat models of chronic hepatic injury. Methods The model of Chronic hepatic injury was established by subcutaneously injecting 40% CCl4-olive oil solution in rats according to the ratio of 3ml per kg. of body weight. 60 healthy rats were divided randomly into a normal group, a model group, a low dose of Huagan Jiedu decoction group, a large dose of Huagan Jiedu decoction group, and a control group (Qingre Jiedu tablet group), 15 cases in each group. The Serum IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ were detected in each group separately. Results Compared with the normal group, the Serum IL-2 and IFN-γ were decreased (t=2.401, 2.337, P=0.0349, 0.0378) and the Serum IL-4 was increased (t=2.896, P=0.00861 ) in the model group; Compared with the model group, the Serum IL-2 and IFN-γ were increased (t=2.417, 2.344, P=0.0341, 0.0372, P＜0.05; t=3.114, 2.988, P=0.0052, 0.0068) in the large Huagan Jiedu decoction group and the control group, while the Serum IFN-γ was increased (t=3.049, P=0.0062) in the low dose of Huagan Jiedu decoction group and the Serum IL-4 was decreased (t=3.102, 3.017, 2.979, P=0.0061, 0.0065, 0.0069)in both Huagan Jiedu decoction groups and the control group. Conclusion Large dose of Huagan Jiedu decoction has sound therapeutic effects on rats with chronic hepatic injury by decreaseing the content of the Serum IL-4 and increasing IL-2 and IFN-γ, and adjusting th1/th2 balance.

Objective To track the magnetically labeled bone marrow mononuclear stem cells (BM-MNCs) in canine myocardial infarction (MI) model with MR. Methods BM-MNCs were labeled with Feridex effectively in vitro and then injected intramyocardially in 8 MI model dogs. Serial MR was performed with 1.5T MR scanner to show the location of the labeled cells compared with histology. Results The injection sites of labeled BM-MNCs could be located on the 1st and 2nd week, but disappeared on the 4th week. Corresponding to these sites, Prussian blue staining consistently showed that large clusters of cells were labeled by dense intracellular iron at the scar tissue. Conclusion Feridex labeling BM-MNCs enables ready detection in the beating heart on a conventional MR scanner after transplantation into canine infarcted myocardium.

Objective To investigate the correlation between 28-day prognosis and red cell distribution width (RDW) in sepsis patients.Methods This was a prospective observational study.Two hundred and thirteen sepsis patients were consecutively selected,and the patients were divided into 2 groups according to RDW:normal RDW group (RDW ＜ 0.15,160 cases) and high RDW group (RDW≥0.15,53 cases).The general conditions,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) 1Ⅱ score,sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA),hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP),procalcitonin (PCT),arterial blood lactic acid,liver function injury,renal function injury and 28-day mortality were compared between 2 groups.The independent risk factors of 28-day prognosis were analyzed by multifactor Logistic regression analysis.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to draw the 28-day survival curve,and the survival rate was compared between 2 groups by log-rank test.Results The 28-day mortality in high RDW group (35.8％,19/53) was significantly higher than that in normal RDW group (17.5％,28/160),and there was statistical difference (P =0.007).RDW ≥0.15 was the independent risk factor of 28-day death in sepsis patients (OR =2.634,95％ CI 1.316-5.273,P =0.006).After adjusted by gender,age and other relative factors,RDW≥0.15 was the independent risk factor of 28-day death in sepsis patients (OR =2.895,95％ CI 1.155-7.252,P =0.023).The 28-day accumulative survival rate in high RDW group was significantly lower than that in normal RDW group (50.5％ vs.63.0％),and there was statistical difference (P =0.014).Conclusion The high RDW in sepsis patients is the independent risk factor of 28-day death,and RDW ≥0.15 shows an important predictive value in the prognosis of sepsis patients.

Objective Toinvestigatethecorrelationbetweentheredbloodcelldistributionwidth (RDW)and in-hospital prognosis in elderly patients with cerebral infarction and severe hemiplegia. Methods Atotalof209consecutiveelderlypatientswithcerebralinfarctionandhemiplegiadiagnosedat the Emergency Department,Central Hospital of Jiading District in Shanghai from January 2012 to December 2013 were enrolled retrospectively. All patients were divided into an L-RDW group (n=73 ),an M-RDW group (n=56),and an H-RDW group (n=80)according to the RDW trisection level. A single factor analysis of variance was used to compare the differences of clinical data,laboratory indexes,and mortality during hospitalization among the three groups. The patients were redivided into either a survival group (n=170)or a death group (n=39)according to their clinical outcomes. Its differences of RDW levels in the acute phase were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independence risk factors for the death of patients,and the risk ratio (OR)was calculated. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyzeRDWandtheNationalInstitutesofHealthStrokeScale(NIHSS)scores.Results Themortality of the M-RDW group was significantly lower than that of the L-RDW and the H-RDW groups (1. 8%[n=1] vs. 12. 3%[n=9]and 36. 2%[n=29],all P<0. 01). the RDW level of the death group was significantly higher than that of the survival group (14.2 [13.3,15.1]vs.12.5 [11. 9,13. 5];P =0. 002). The H-RDW level (OR,12. 164,95%CI 2.544-58.181,P=0.002)and the NIHSS score (OR,1. 136, 95%CI 1. 056-1. 221,P=0. 001)were the independence risk factors for the death of the elderly patients with severe hemiplegia cerebral infarction;the RDW level was positively correlated with the NIHSSscore(r=0.167,P=0.016).Conclusion ThemortalityofdifferentRDWlevelsinelderly patients with cerebral infarction and severe hemiplegia showed aU shape. The mortality of the H-RDW is the highest. The RDW level has an important reference value for identifying the prognosis in elderly patients with cerebral infarction and severe hemiplegia.

Objective To assess potential suitability of the intercostal artery as a conduit in coronary bypass graft.Methods Collected 36 cases of chinese adult thoracic aorta CTA original cross-sectional images,the images were retrospectively reconstructed under volume rendering technology (VR),multi-planar reconstruction (MPR),curved planar reformation (CPR) and maximum intensity projection(MIP).Observed and measured the data of the 8th,9th and 10th bilateral intercostal arteries and internal thoracic arteries.Results Toshiba 320-slice volume scanning CT can clearly display the intercostal arteries.The average length and diameter at corresponding point of the left and right 8-10th intercostal artery is similar,all the length is longer than 180 mm,and the diameter at axillary line is all bigger than 2.1 mm,the mean length of right intercostal arteries is slightly longer than the left intercostal arteries,the diameter at each corresponding point of left and right intercostal artery is similar,and equivalent to approximately 85％-90％ of internal thoracic artery.Conclusion Intercostal artery can be used as an ideal alternative vessel in coronary artery bypass grafting.

Purpose: 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) is used as a conventional chemotherapy drug in chemotherapy forpatients with advanced colorectal cancer, but many patients still suffer from treatment failuredue to 5-Fu resistance. Emerging observations revealed the important role of chemokine(C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL-13) in tumor microenvironment and its relationship with prognosisin patients with colorectal cancer. This study is designed to reveal the important roleof CXCL-13 in causing colorectal cancer resistance to 5-Fu. Materials and Methods: CXCL-13 levels of patient's serum or cell culture supernatants were measured separatelyby enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In cell assays, cell viability is detected by Cell CountingKit-8. Therefore, the recombinant human CXCL-13 was used to simulate its high expressionin cells while its antibody and siRNA were used to reduce CXCL-13 expression in cells. Results: In this study, we demonstrated that CXCL-13 is associated with 5-Fu resistance by culturemedium exchange experiments and cytokine arrays of colorectal cancer resistant and nonresistantcells. Clinical studies showed that CXCL-13 is highly expressed in the serum of5-Fu–resistant patients. High levels of serum CXCL-13 also predict a worse clinical outcome.The addition of recombinant CXCL-13 cytokine resulted in 5-Fu resistance, while its antibodyovercame 5-Fu resistance, and knockdown of CXCL-13 expression by siRNA also reduced5-Fu resistance, which can be saved by added recombination CXCL-13. Conclusion These results not only identify a CXCL-13 mediated 5-Fu resistance mechanism but alsoprovide a novel target for 5-Fu–resistant colorectal cancer in prevention and treatmentstrategies.

Marine-derived biopolymers are excellent raw materials for biomedical products due to their abundant resources, good biocompatibility, low cost and other unique functions. Marine-derived biomaterials become a major branch of biomedical industry and possess promising development prospects since the industry is in line with the trend of "green industry and low-carbon economy". Chitosan and alginates are the most commonly commercialized marine-derived biomaterials and have exhibited great potential in biomedical applications such as wound dressing, dental materials, antibacterial treatment, drug delivery and tissue engineering. This review focuses on the properties and applications of chitosan and alginates in biomedicine.