Objective To evaluate the validity, reliability and feasibility of Traditional Chinese Medicine Scale for Children with Cerebral Palsy. Methods34 children with cerebral palsy and 34 healthy children were assessed with the Traditional Chinese Medicine Scale for Children with Cerebral Palsy. The split-half reliability, Cronbach's α coefficient, content reliability, difference validity and feasibility were tested. ResultsSplit-half reliability of this scale was 0.6199, Cronbach's α>0.7. The scores of this scale could differentiate the cerebral palsy from health children. The acceptance rate and the completion rate were both 100%. The median of the complete time was 10～15 minutes. ConclusionThe Traditional Chinese Medicine Scale for Children with Cerebral Palsy is a tool to evaluate cerebral palsy with satisfactory reliability, validity and feasibility.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of surgical retrieval of testicular spermatozoa,and to present the preliminary results of the retrieved testicular spermatozoa used in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for treatment of non obstructive azoospermic infertility. Methods Forty nine cases of non obstructive azoospermia underwent open testicular biopsy and diagnostic testicular sperm extraction (TESE).Those who had sperms in diagnostic TESE underwent ICSI at least 3 months later. Results Sperms were detected in diagnostic TESE in 12 cases (24.9%). The testicular volume,FSH level and testicular pathology did not accurately predict the presence or absence of sperm in testes.Seven (87.5%) of 8 cases had sperm in re TESE, which were used in their ICSI cycles,resulting in 3 clinical pregnancies. Conclusions The diagnostic TESE should be performed to determine the presence or absence of testicular spermatozoa in testicular failure before ICSI,and the surgically retrieved testicular spermatozoa can be adopted in ICSI for treatment of non obstructive azoospermic infertility.

Objective To investigate the hemostatic and coagulative variations during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Method The blood platelet count, coagulant and anti-coagulant functions were assessed pre- and intra-operation of OLT.Results During the operation, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were prolonged, platelet count (PLT), activities of most of the coagulation factors and levels of antithrombin (AT), plasminogen (PLG), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and ?2 -antiplasmin (?2-AP) were reduced, while the levels of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasmin-?2-antiplasmin complex (PAP) and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) were increased. The variations in the neohepatic phase were more significant than that in the pre-operation phase. Conclusion In the entire process of OLT operation, the coagulant and anti-coagulant functions were decreased, and the fibrinolytic functions were sthenic in the anhepatic phase and the neohepatic phase.

Objective To establish a method for determination of ephedrin in Lianma Spraying by HPLC. Method The analysis was carried out on C18 column (4.6 mm?200 mm, 5 ?m) by HPLC, the mobile phase was NaH2PO3-CH3OH-CH3CN-C3H15N (600∶320∶80∶1), the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was 30 ℃, and detective wavelength was 207 nm. Result The linear range of ephedrin was 0.031 2~0.187 2 mg/mL, the average recovery rate was 98.94%, RSD was 0.8%. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, accurate and reliable, and can be used to control the quality of the products.

Objective In order to protect the natural resources of Swertia bimaculata which has been destroyed seriously,the method of artificial propagation by way of tissue culture have been systematically studied.Methods The stems,leaves,and stems with buds which were from the seedlings germinated from the seeds on the initial medium were taken as explants.These explants were cultured on MS culture media by adding different portions of hormones at various cultural conditions.Results The stems were the best material in speeding propagation among the three explants.The proper initial medium for the stems was MS+ BA 0.5 mg/L+saccharose 3.0%,the optimum medium for proliferation was MS+BA 0.5 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L+saccharose 3.0%,and the best medium for rooting was 1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+saccharose 1.5%.Conclusion Tissue culture of S.bimaculata could make its propagation rapid,its resources preserved,and its utilization last.

Objective To explore the relationship between the overexpression of P glycoprotein (P GP) multidrug resistance (MDR) gene in the epileptic patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes and the drug resistance of the intractable epilepsy Methods This is a prospective, observational study. First, the overexpression of P GP MDR in 85 epileptic patients' (M 39, F46,overage age 24 years) peripheral blood lymphocytes were investigated by using immunocytochemistry (ICT) or flow cytometer (FCE). Then, patients were given a single or a combining of two antiepilepstic drugs which they did not received before (including carbamazepine, valproic acid, phenobarbitone,phenytoin), when the single drug was not effective in observing the clinical efficacy Results In FCE study group, results showed that the 11 patients with overexpression of P GP MDR in the epileptic patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes became tolerant to antiepileptic drugs. Eighteen out of 32 patients without overexpression of P GP MDR are effective. In the ICT study group, it is effective that there are only 2 out of the 22 patients with overexpression of P GP MDR. Seven of 12 patients without overexpression of P GP MDR are effective Conclusion It is suggested that the overexpression of MDR in the intractable epileptic patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes might be a significant drug resistance marker. The sensibility of ICT method should be better than the FCE,though the latter may be more accurate.

Objective:To explore the association of tumor associated macrophages (TAM) with tumor invasiveness, metastasis and prognosis in cardia carcinoma tissues.Methods:The cancer tissues and pericarcinomatous tissues of 100 patients with cardia carcinoma who underwent D2 radical operation in the First Hospital of Putian City from January 2014 to January 2015 were collected. M2-type TAM was marked with CD163. The tissue microarray was made and the expression of CD163 in microarray tissues was detected by using immunohistochemistry. The median number of CD163 positive cells in all cancer tissues was taken as the cut-off value. The patients with the mean number of CD163 positive cells ≥ the cut-off value were those with high TAM infiltration, and vice versa. The association of TAM infiltration with clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed, and Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis of survival.Results:The positive cell median number of CD163 in cardia carcinoma tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues [the median number ( P25, P75): 32/high power field (HP) (16/HP, 46/HP) vs. 6/HP (4/HP, 11/HP)], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = -35.044, P < 0.01). There were 48 cases in low invasive group (< 32/HP) and 52 cases in high invasive group (≥32/HP). The proportion of patients with high TAM infiltration in serosa and extraserosa was higher than that in mucosa and muscle [60.9% (39/64) vs. 36.1% (13/36)], and the proportion of patients with high TAM infiltration for patients with lymph node metastasis was higher than that for patients without lymph node metastasis [61.8% (42/68) vs. 31.3% (10/32)], and the proportion of patients with high TAM infiltration for those with TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ was higher than that for those with TNM stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ [64.4% (38/59) vs. 34.1% (14/41)], and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The median overall survival time of high TAM group was shorter than that of low TAM group [24.00 months (95% CI 17.25-43.50 months) vs. 62.00 months (95% CI 34.00-68.00)], and the difference in overall survival was statistically significant (χ 2 = 18.137, P < 0.01). Lymph node metastasis ( HR = 0.301, 95% CI 0.105-0.862, P = 0.025), TNM staging ( HR = 8.404, 95% CI 2.810-25.133, P < 0.01) and TAM infiltration level in cancer tissues ( HR = 4.277, 95% CI 2.372-7.712, P < 0.01) were independent influencing factors for overall survival of patients. Conclusions:TAM plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of cardia carcinoma and can be used as an independent predictor of biological behavior and prognosis in cardia carcinoma.

To assess the effects of resuscitation with oxygen or room air on the cardiac circulation and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in a hypoxic newborn piglet model. Methods Newborn piglets(1.6-2.5 kg) were randomly assigned into three groups:control group (n=8) with no hypoxic insult;room air group (n=12) resuscitated with room air for 240 min after 120 min hypoxia;and oxygen group (n=12) resuscitated with 100% oxygen for 30 min followed by 210 min with room air after 120 min hypoxia. Blood gas analysis, blood pressure and hemodynamic parameters were recorded at 0, 10, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min of resuscitation. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the left ventricle was measured at 240 min of resuscitation using enzyme method . One-way analysis of variance, two-way analysis of variance measured repeatedly and Student-Newman-Keuls test were applied as statistical methods. Results Severe metabolic acidosis, hypotension and hypoxemia were caused by hypoxia.(1)Arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO2):At 10 min of resuscitation, PaO2 of control group, room air group and oxygen group was (67±4), (78±12) and (409±42)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) (F=580.19, P<0.01). At 30 min of resuscitation, PaO2 of the three group was (68±3), (79±15) and (342±62)mmHg(F=173.67;P<0.01). PaO2 of oxygen group was higher than room air group and control group (10 min:q=42.51 and 39.28, 30 min: q=23.17 and 21.67, all P<0.05). There was no statistical significance between the room air group and control group. (2)Cardiac output(CO):At 240 min of resuscitation,CO of control group, room air group and oxygen group was(181.6±33.8), (150.9±70.1) and (103.6±53.6) dl/(min·kg) (F=4.82, P<0.05). CO of oxygen group was lower than control group (q=4.25,P<0.05). There was no statistical significance between oxygen group and room air group, neither was between room air group and control group (all P>0.05). (3)Arterial oxygen content (CaO2):At 10 min of resuscitation, CaO2 of control group, room air group and oxygen group was(87.0±16.1), (76.9±13.2) and (102.2±15.9) ml O2/dl (F=8.64, P<0.01). At 30 min of resuscitation, CaO2 of the three group was(87.5±14.9), (79.9±11.3) and (100.1±16.7) ml O2/dl (F=5.98, P<0.01). At 10 min of resuscitation, CaO2 of oxygen group was higher than control group and room air group (q=3.14 and 5.85, all P<0.05). At 30 min of resuscitation, CaO2 of oxygen group was higher than room air group (q=4.85, P<0.01), but there was no statistical significance between oxygen group and control group (q=2.71, P>0.05). (4)Oxygen delivery (DO2): At 10, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min of resuscitation, there were no statistical significance among DO2 of control group, room air group and oxygen group [10 min:(16.5±3.3), (15.7±9.9) and (16.9±4.2)L O2/(kg·min), F=0.10;30 min:(16.2±4.1), (15.1±5.5) and (14.5±3.3) L O2/(kg·min), F=0.38;60 min:(16.1±4.2), (14.9±4.0)and(13.3±3.8)L O2/(kg·min), F=1.28;120 min:(15.5±3.7),(15.6±6.1)and(13.4± 4.6) L O2/(kg·min), F=0.66;180 min:(15.4±3.1), (15.3±9.3) and (11.9±5.0) L O2/(kg·min), F=0.97;240 min:(14.7±3.4), (13.4±6.7) and (9.3±5.2) L O2/(kg·min), F=2.84;all P>0.05]. (5) SOD activity in the left ventricle:At 240 min of resuscitation, SOD activity of control group (n=6), room air group (n=8) and oxygen group (n=8) was (289±107), (210±75) and (142±61)U/mg protein, F=5.75, P<0.05]. SOD activity of oxygen group was lower than control group (q=4.79, P<0.01). There was no statistical significance between oxygen group and room air group, neither was between room air group and control group(q=2.58 and 2.39, all P>0.05). Conclusions Despite higher oxygen content in the blood, resuscitation with oxygen is not beneficial to recovery from metabolic acidosis in newborn hypoxic piglets. Oxygen supplementation does not increase oxygen delivery but reduces SV compared to resuscitation with room air. Resuscitation with oxygen may impair the oxidative stress defense.

Objective To investigate the hemodynamic changes and their association with the expression of β 1 and β 2 adrenoceptors after hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in a neonatal swine model of asphyxia.Methods One to four day-old piglets were randomly assigned to control group (n=6),acute hypoxia group (n=8) and subacute hypoxia group (n=8).The piglets in the control group were observed for 50 h under normoxic mechanical ventilation; while the acute and subacute hypoxia groups were subject to two hours of hypoxic injury induced by ventilation with 0.10-0.15 oxygen followed by 4 or 48 h of observation under normoxic mechanical ventilation,respectively.Blood gases were analyzed and the mean arterial blood pressure,heart rate,and cardiac output were recorded at different time points during the experiment.Tissues from the left ventricle were also harvested to assay lactate,glutathione and β adrenoceptors at the end of the experiment.Analysis of variance,the Tukey test and Pearson correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis of the data.Results Two hours after hypoxia,pH,HCO3-and partial pressure of oxygens (PO2) in the acute hypoxia group and subacute hypoxia group were lower than in the control group,however,pH and HCO3-in animals in the subacute hypoxia group recovered to 7.38 ± 0.05 and (23.04± 2.40)mmol/L,respectively,after reoxygenation,which was similar to those in the control group,and higher than in the acute hypoxia group [7.25±0.07 and (16.88±2.40) mmol/L,respectively,q=6.76 and 7.81,both P＜0.01].Mean arterial pressure,cardiac output and stroke volume in the acute group and subacute group were lower than those in the control animals following two hours of hypoxic injury (all P＜0.01).After reoxygenation,the mean arterial pressure in the acute hypoxia group and subacute group recovered to (42.17±6.14) and (43.19± 5.55) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),cardiac output recovered to (150.04± 56.17) and (169.75 ± 37.85) dl/min,respectively,and there were no differences compared with the control group (all P＞0.05).Expressions of β 1 and β 2 adrenoceptors in the left ventricle in the subacute hypoxia group (1.51 ±0.51 and 2.14±0.66,respectively),were higher than those in the control group (0.56±0.24 and 0.38±0.21,q=7.02 and 10.97,both P＜0.01) and the acute hypoxia group (0.65±0.20 and 0.45±0.11,q=6.86 and 11.38,both P＜0.01).The lactate level in the acute hypoxia group and subacute hypoxia group was higher than that in the control group [(6.95±0.32) and (6.92±0.40) vs (5.03±0.19) μ mol/mg protein,respectively,q=15.43 and 15.19,both P＜0.01].The level of glutathione in the subacute hypoxia group was lower than the control group and acute hypoxia group [(352.00± 16.51) vs (438.35±33.66) and (464.66±52.65) nmol/mg protein,respectively,q=6.00 and 8.46,both P＜0.01).In the subacute hypoxia group,the expressions of β 1 and β 2 adrenoceptors were negatively correlated with the changes in cardiac output (r=-0.60 and-0.59,respectively,both P＜0.05).Conclusions Severe metabolic acidosis and cardiac dysfunction resulting from perinatal asphyxia may recover after reoxygenation,which may be associated with the enhanced expression of β adrenoceptors in the left ventricle during the subacute phase.

Objective To analyze the related factors of nursing risk in department of nephrology and to explore strategies of risk management.Methods Risk management was implemented to 39 nurses in department of nephrology of our hospital.The KAP scores,the incidence of nursing risk events,nursing complaints and patients' satisfaction degree before and after the implementation of nursing risk management were compared.Results After the implementation of nursing risk management,nurses' KAP score was significantly higher; the incidence of nursing risk events and complaints significantly reduced; patients' satisfaction degree to nursing were significantly higher compared with those before the implementation.Conclusions The implementation of nursing risk management can effectively improve the quality of nursing and reduce the incidence of nursing risk events.