Objective To observe early histopathological changes in explosive wounds at canine limbs after seawater inmersion.Methods Forty adult dogs,weighing 10 to 15 kg each,were assigned into 2 equal groups.The left hind limb of each dog in both groups was injured by a man-made explosion.The explosive wound was first washed by normal sodium.The 20 injured limbs in the experimental group (EG)were immersed in seawater for one hour while those in the control group (CG) were only exposed naturally for one hour without seawater immersion.All the wounds were covered with sterile dressing without suture.The pus and soft tissue at the wound were taken for pathological examination,bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test on day 3.The time of wound healing was recorded.Tissue sections were taken from the wounds for pathological examination at 4 and 8 weeks.Results Fifteen wounds (75％) were infected in the EG,significantly more than the 8 wounds infected (40％) in the CG( P ＜ 0.05).The wounds healed in a mean time of 38.4 days in the EG,significantly longer than the mean time for wound healing (23.1 days) in the CG ( P ＜ 0.05).In the EG,Vibrio infection caused more serious tissue necrosis and inflammatory reaction than Bacillus and coccus did.At 4 and 8 weeks,tissue necrosis and inflammatory reaction in the EG were worse than those in the CG.Conclusion Seawater immersion can lead to increased infective tissue necrosis and inflammatory reaction in an explosive wound,as well as longer time for wound healing.

BACKGROUND:The tumor tissue engineering can build an integrated culture model to ful y simulate the in vivo microenvironment of tumor growth, which can be used to study tumor developmental dynamics and related treatment strategies.
OBJECTIVE:To review the three-dimensional culture of tumor cells using tumor engineering technology.
METHODS:PubMed database was retrieved for articles related to tumor engineering, three-dimensional culture of tumor cells, biological scaffold materials and tumor microenvironment published from January 1992 to March 2013.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Three-dimensional culture, because of its reproducible tissue and cellgrowth in vivo, has become an important platform for study of tumor resistance, invasiveness and tumor microenvironment. The three-dimensional culture has showed a trend to gradual y replace the flat culture technique in many fields, and provides a research platform which is very close to in vivo environment. In recent years, with the development of tumor engineering, a variety of new polymer materials have been used in the three-dimensional culture of tumor cells. Three-dimensional culture technology is becoming a hotspot in the field of tumor biology, in which, using a variety of methods and materials, the cells show a growth in the spatial manner to form a biological support or matrix similar to in vivo growth environment. Biomaterials have become the soil on which seed cells can grow wel , and plays an alternative to the extracellular matrix or the matrix of tissues and organs in the tumor engineering. Therefore, the three-dimensional cellculture has been widely used in cancer research, which has become a powerful tool to tumor drug resistance, angiogenesis, cel-cellinteraction, signal transduction, stem cells and other research.

Objective In order to protect the natural resources of Swertia bimaculata which has been destroyed seriously,the method of artificial propagation by way of tissue culture have been systematically studied.Methods The stems,leaves,and stems with buds which were from the seedlings germinated from the seeds on the initial medium were taken as explants.These explants were cultured on MS culture media by adding different portions of hormones at various cultural conditions.Results The stems were the best material in speeding propagation among the three explants.The proper initial medium for the stems was MS+ BA 0.5 mg/L+saccharose 3.0%,the optimum medium for proliferation was MS+BA 0.5 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L+saccharose 3.0%,and the best medium for rooting was 1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+saccharose 1.5%.Conclusion Tissue culture of S.bimaculata could make its propagation rapid,its resources preserved,and its utilization last.

Objective To understand the change of leptin level in human in acute hypoxia state. Methods 34 male mountaineers were examined, 7 at the altitude of 2 800 m, 27 at 5 050 m. The serum leptin level and anoxic degree were determined by radioimmunoassay and arterial oxygen saturation were determined by Tuffsat arterial oxygen saturation monitor. Results The leptin level at 5 050 m (9.08?7.77) ng/ml was significantly higher than that at 2 800 m(2.02?1.09) ng/ml, P

AIM: To explore the influence of IFN-? on the role of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in inducing apoptosis of RKO cell line. METHODS: Survival fraction and apoptosis were measured by MTT method and flow cytometry (FACS). RESULTS: Survival fraction of IFN-? group, TRAIL and IFN-? 72 h+TRAIL group were 99.28%, 85.45%, 52.60%, respectively. The percentage of apoptotic cells of IFN-? group, TRAIL group, IFN-? 24 h+TRAIL group, IFN-? 48 h+TRAIL and IFN-? 72 h+TRAIL group were 1.51%, 2.38%, 4.97%, 13.30%, 21.00%, respectively. The percentage of apoptotic cells of IFN-? 24 h+TRAIL group was higher than the sum of IFN-? group and TRAIL group (P

The geo-herbalism of Cangzhu, Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. , was studied for itsstrict quality control. Samples of typical and representative populations of geo-herbal and non-geo herbalorigin were collected, examined and cultivated through field work. Volatile oils from samples of varioushabitats were determined by GC/MS, and their respective bacteriostatic minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)determined. Results of the study showed that both the size of capitulum and cleft on the leaves var-ied greatly even in species of the same population. The main components in their volatile oil also variedgreatly with Maocangzhu (MCZ) contains atractylone (29.54%) and atractylodin (17.82%); that of Nan-cangzhu (NCZ) contains hinesol (61.86%) and β-eudesmol (19.79%), and Baicangzhu (BCZ) cantains βeudesmol or mixture of β-eudesmol and atractylone (over 30%). Volatile oils of speciaes from Luotina,Taibai, and Huanglong showed potent bacteriostatic activity against Streptococcus hemolyticus (SH), com-parable to penicillin or streptomycin. In conclusion, A. lancea is a polymorphic complex greatly influencedby geographic environment and a reasonable proposal is to name them by geo-herbal names such as: MCZas A. lancea var. maoshanensis Hu et Feng; NCZ as A. lancea subsp. luotianensis Hu et Feng; and BCZ asA. lancea var. chinensis (Bunge) Kitam other than independent species as A. chinensis Bunge. It was in-correct to say that MCZ has no atractylone in its volatile oil and therefore differs from A. macrocephalaKoidz. (Baizhu). Inhibitory activity of the volatile oils against SH and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) arealso quite different due to the habitats and imply that the rhizome from Luotian may be used to cure infec-tion diseases caused by SH and PA besides their traditional uses.

Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of a new pancreaticojejunal anastomotic method [the penetrating-suture type of pancreaticojejunostomy (PPJ)] after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods From May 2005 to November 2011,a new surgical anastomosis was carriedout between the pancreas stump and jejunal wall with penetrating-suture technique after pancreaticoduodenectomy in 46 patients.The clinical data were reviewed and analysed.Results The anastomosis of the pancreas stump and jejunal wall was completed with six to eight interrupted full-layer sutures.There was no pancreatic anastomotic leakage and hemorrhage.Conclusion The PPJ is a simple and effective approach and can be recommended.

To establish the identification method for Physalis angulatae fructus Seu calyx and Physalis calyx Seu fruc-tus. Methods:Four methods including macroscopy,microscopy,TLC and HPLC were used. Results: There were some differences in macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and physicochemical identification between Physalis angulatae Fructus Seu Calyx and Phys-alis Calyx Seu Fructus. Conclusion:The established method is simple and easy,which can objectively and accurately distinguish Phys-alis angulatae Fructus Seu Calyx from Physalis Calyx Seu Fructus.

Objective To investigate the changes of insulin resistance and islet β cell function in gout patients with different status of glucose metabolism, and to analyse metabolic features in gout patients with hyperglycemia. Methods Ninety-six patients with gout were consecutively enrolled into the study and were divided into normal glucose tolerance group ( NGT, n = 35 ) , impaired glucose regulation group ( IGR, n = 27 ) , and diabetic group (DM, n=34). Height, weight, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1C,serum uric acid, C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides were determined in all subjects. Body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR),homeostasis model assessment for β cell function index (HOMA-B), and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated. Results Compared with the NGT group, the levels of BMI, 2hPG, fasting insulin, HbA1C,TC,triglycerides, CRP, HOMA-IR in the DM and IGR groups were higher while ISI was lower (0.023±0.018 and 0.024±0.017 vs 0. 052±0. 026, P<0.05 ). HOMA-B was significantly different among the three groups ( 87.6±25. 1,126.46±34. 2, and 173.75±32.1, P<0.05). Family history of diabetes was more commonly seen in DM group than NGT group ( 41.17% vs 11.4%, P< 0.05 ). Logistic analysis showed that age, BMI, systolic blood pres(s)ure, triglyceride, CRP, and ISI were independently associated with diabetes, but not with uric acid.Conclusions Severe insulin resistance, β cell dysfunction, increased BMI and CRP, lipid disorders, and hereditary susceptibility may be the main metabolic features of gout patients with hyperglycemia.

Objective To investigate C‐reactive protein in patients with acute brain injury (CRP) ,platelet (PLT) dynamic chan‐ges and clinical significance .Methods A hospital in 2014-2015 120 cases of acute brain injury ,depending on whether surgery di‐vided into :64 cases of surgical group ,56 cases of non‐surgical group .According to Glasgow Outcome Scale (Glasgow Outcome Score ,GOS) divided into 61 cases of poor prognosis group (GOS 1 -3 scores) ,59 patients with good prognosis (GOS 4 -5 scores) .Another choice the same period 50 cases of healthy control group .After the patients were injured 1 d ,3 d ,7 d dynamic tes‐ting CRP ,PLT levels .Results The surgical group and the non‐surgical group patients after injury 1 d serum CRP levels were sig‐nificantly increased ,decreased gradually after all ,the two groups showed a downward trend ,but the surgery group were decreased slowly ,always maintain a high level ,still significantly at 14 d the control group (P<0 .05) .Patients with non‐surgical group de‐creased significantly ,significantly higher than the decline in the extent of the surgery group (P<0 .05) .Surgical and non‐surgical group patients after injury when PLT 1 d showed no increased after 3d began to rise ,increased significantly when 7 d ,PLT levels were elevated degree of surgical group was significantly higher than the non‐surgical group (P<0 .05) .Good prognosis group and a poor prognosis group ,serum CRP on admission were increased ,and reached a peak after 1 d ,after declining in both groups ,with good prognosis group decreased significantly ,while the poor prognosis group ,no significant decline in CRP levels ,continued high levels of state for a long time When postoperative 7d still significantly higher than the normal level (P<0 .05) .At each time point the poor prognosis group ,serum CRP levels were significantly higher than the good prognosis group (P< 0 .05) .When the good prognosis group and a poor prognosis group was mean change 1d PLT little water ,began to increase after the 3 d were poor progno‐sis group of patients was significantly higher than 7 d PLT good prognosis group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Patients with acute brain injury CRP ,PLT dynamic changes are certain rules ,is to determine the acute phase of the disease of brain injury and prognosis of change .