Computer-based online research was performed in Pubmed Database from January 1995 to January 2008, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Vip Database from January 2001 to January 2008. Forty-four publications referred to the seeding cell sources of tissue engineering heart valve demonstrated some disadvantages of clinically used mechanical prosthetic valve and biological valve. Tissue-engineered heart valve had advantages, such as no anticoagulant therapy, infection resistance, cellular viability and the potential to grow and to repair. Seeding cells have different sources, such as blood vessels, bone marrow, blood, umbilical cord, chorionic vesicle and embryonic stem cells, with particular regard to cell phenotypes and their suitability for extracellular matrix production for tissue engineering purposes. Despite an exciting potential for tissue-engineered heart valves, significant technical barriers and clinical problems must be solved and overcome. Further studies should be conducted before widespread clinical application can be envisioned, such as biodegradable polymers, stem cell differentiation, understanding how to harvest the potential of endogenous recruitment of cells and techniques to non-invasively assess the speed and quality of tissue healing and remodeling. This needs to engender a host of novel testing strategies and methods, which will include in vivo safety studies and preclinical studies.

ObjectiveTo assess the value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography(ERC) before laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) for gallstone disease complicated by suspected cholelithiasis. MethodsIndications for ERC included history of jundice, pancreatitis,abnormal liver function, suspected or BUS proven cholelithiasis. ResultsA history of jaundice( P

TLR4 mediates I/R injury involving endogenous ligands.Interaction of TLR4 with endogenous ligands provides a critical link between tissue damage and activation of the innate immune response.In the early phase of liver,kidney,heart,or lung I/R injury,endogenous ligands are secreted from several kinds of cells,they are recognized by TLR4.Interaction of TLR4 with endogenous ligands,such as HMGB1,seems to be the most important trigger of inflammation and initiates signaling cascades leading to inflammatory and immune responses.Blocking the interaction of TLR4 with endogenous ligands may be useful in clinical management of inflammation and cellular necrosis caused by ischemic insults.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of fluconazole resistance in clinical and experimental induced isolates of C.glabrata.Methods Efflux of rhodamine 6G was performed to evaluate the effects of efflux pumps.The expression levels of transporter genes CDR1,CDR2,SNQ2 and ERG11 were examined by real-time RT-PCR.Meanwhile,sequence of PDR1 was determined by PCR based DNA sequencing.Results Efflux pumps of all fluconazole-resistant isolates had stronger effects than that of susceptible isolates,consistently with significant upregulation of CDR1,but no obvious difference was found in CDR2 or SNQ2.Also,no notable change in the expression level of ERG11 between susceptible and resistant isolates.PDR1 mutations existed in both clinical and experimental induced isolates of C.glabrata,among which P927S,L543P and S947L haven't been reported previously.Conclusion Mutations of PDR1 were induced by fluconazole both in vivo andin vitro,which will result in overexpression of CDR1 and strengthen the effect of efflux pump.

A 68?year?old female patient was admitted to the hospital for multiple masses in the mouth and lungs as well as on dorsal hands for more than 20 days without obvious subjective symptoms. No abnormalities were found by physical examination. Dermatological examination showed two bean?sized dark?red nodules on the upper jaw as well as one pigeon egg?sized dark?red nodule on the left dorsal hand, and all the nodules were hard with smooth surfaces and limited mobility. Positron emission tomography?computed tomography (PetCT) revealed multiple metastases to the brain, lymph nodes, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, both kidneys, multiple bones and intermuscular tissues. Pathology of nodules from the upper jaw showed lowly differentiated tumor cells with osteoid matrix, chondroid structures and tumor bone in local areas, and immunohistochemical examination of tumor cells found positive staining for S100(focally), vimentin, CD99, P63 and Ki?67(60%), but negative staining for keratin. A diagnosis of osteosarcoma of the right side of the upper jaw was considered. Pathology of nodules from the dorsal hand revealed no obvious abnormalities in the epidermis, while there was a diffuse infiltration of medium?to large?sized histiocyte?like cells in the whole dermis with cell atypia and irregularly red?stained bone matrix and tumor bone in some regions. Immunopathology showed positive staining for Ki67(60%), and negative staining for CD3, CD10, CD20, Bcl?2, and Bcl?6. A diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis of osteosarcoma was made. The patient refused further treatment and died 6 months after the onset of lesions.

According to recent studies,cardiovascular disease,infection and malnutrition are the most common complications of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD),which also the main causes of death. Further studies illustrate that dialysis patients with micro-inflammatory state,which relate to patient uremia and hemodialysis,further more,closely related to the existing micro-inflammatory response to the above complications. Accordingly,to explore the mechanism in MHD patients with micro-inflammatory response,and to search for the effective micro-inflammation treatment,in addition,to enhance the quality of life of patients with MHD and survival rate has become a hot spot in recent years.

Recent studies have found that peptide therapies tar-geting specific epitopes can avoid nonspecific immune suppres-sion induced by traditional medicines for the treatment of autoim-mune diseases, and have shown great therapeutic effect in ani-mal models of autoimmune diseases and clinical trials. The pa-per summaries the research progress and trends of peptide drugs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases from candidate peptide sources and their suppression mechanisms, which can provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth understanding of immune toler-ance and allow for discovery of new treatment for autoimmune diseases.

To establish the identification method for Physalis angulatae fructus Seu calyx and Physalis calyx Seu fruc-tus. Methods:Four methods including macroscopy,microscopy,TLC and HPLC were used. Results: There were some differences in macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and physicochemical identification between Physalis angulatae Fructus Seu Calyx and Phys-alis Calyx Seu Fructus. Conclusion:The established method is simple and easy,which can objectively and accurately distinguish Phys-alis angulatae Fructus Seu Calyx from Physalis Calyx Seu Fructus.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring in pediatric radio frequency catheter ablation. One hundred and six children aged 0. 6-12 years, scheduled for radio frequency catheter ablation, were randomly divided into two groups. In group A patients received BIS monitoring during the operation (n = 50), and the group B received modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAA/S) scaling (n = 56). The anesthesia was maintained with propofol target-controlled infusion. The intraoperative propefol target concentration was adjusted to maintain the BIS values between 55-65 in group A and OAA/S scale about 1 in group B respectively, The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse oximetric saturation (SpO2) were measured before anesthetic induction, 1 min after induction, catheter puncturing and the end of operation respectively. The requirements of propofol, the times of supporting ventilation and recovery, the respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting postoperatively were also recorded. The intraoperative HR, MAP and SpO2 showed no differences between two groups, but the requirements of pmpofol, the times of supporting ventilation and recovery were less in group A than that of group B (P<0.05). All children didn't have nausea, vomiting and respiratory depression. The results suggest that in pediatric radio frequency catheter ablation, BIS monitoring has the advantages of timely adjustment of anesthetic depth, reducing anesthetic requirements, shortening the time of recovery, so as the perioperative safety can be improved.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that smooth muscle injury or ischemia/reperfusion injury result in tissue factor (TF) increasing. However, few reports concern the expression and mechanism of TF in venous bypass grafting.OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in TF protein expression in response to venous bypass grafting.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The animal observation experiment was performed at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from May 2006 to May 2008.MATERIALS: A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.METHODS: Rats were underwent interposition bypass grafting of the common carotid artery via the ipsilateral external jugular vein. Namely, the proximal end of external jugular vein was ligated at the joints of external jugular vein and internal jugular vein, and the distal end of external jugular vein was ligated before branches. The proximal and distal ends of common carotid artery were occluded by artery clamp, and a 5 mm artery was removed. The proximal end of artery was anastomosed with distal end of artery, and the frontal wall was sutured with posterior wall. After that, the proximal end of external jugular vein was cut down and coincided with the distal end of common carotid artery.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expression of TF and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Meantime, TF activity in vessel protein extracts was determined with TF activity assay kit, and the thickness of intima, media were calculated by computer imaging analysis system. The contralateral external jugular veins were served as the control.RESULTS: The adventitia of all vessels showed abundant TF staining. In early vein grafts, TF staining was markedly increased in the intima and media. However, intimal and media TF staining was absent in the contralateral control jugular veins and late vein grafts. The number of PCNA positive cells was increased in the vein grafts at day 3 after grafting, obvious increased at day 7, and reached the peak at day 14. TF activity in whole-vessel protein extracts was similar in control veins and early and late vein grafts. The thickness of neointima of the vein graft increased significantly at days 7, 14, and 28, and the thickness of media increased significantly at days 14 and 28.CONCLUSION: The changes of TF expression at various time points may relate to hyperplasia of neointima.