AIM: To study the neuroprotective effect and possible mechanism of ganglioside GM1 on neonatal rats with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). METHODS: A rat model of neonatal HIE was established, then the pathological changes and expressions of glutamate and EAAC1 glutamate transporter in the brain tissues were investigated in different periods after hypoxia ischemia (HI) and the subsequent changes of the above results after GM1 administrated were studied too. RESULTS: The damages of the brain by exposed to HI were alleviated remarkably after GM1 administrated. The levels of glutamate neuron expressions in the brain tissue decreased after HI but EAAC1 increased. GM1 could partly prevent glutamate neuron reduction induced by HI and increase EAAC1 expression. CONCLUSION: GM1 may have some protective effects on glutamate neuron in neonatal HIE, and the possible mechanism is related to the partial increasing of EAAC1 expression.

Objective To investigate the effects of intrathecal different doses of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in spinal block by ropivacaine hydrochloride . Methods Forty lower limb surgery scheduled for elective under spinal anesthesia, were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 20 each): the control and the treatment groups.The control and the treatment group were intrathecally injected with 4,12 μg dexmedetomidine hydrochloride respectively.The 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride 1.5 mL was injected for spinal anesthesia.SBP,DBP,HR,SpO2 and Ramsay Sedation Score were recorded before the spinal anesthesia conduct and thereafter every five minutes. And the onset and duration of block were recorded,adverse reaction like nausea, vomiting and respiratory depression were also observed. Results Compared with the control group,the onset of sensory block was shorter [(6.9±2.6) min vs (8.7±2.9) min] (P<0.05),and the duration of sensory and motor block was longer in the treatment group[(130.8±30.1) min vs (115.9±23.9) min] (P<0.05) and [(145.9±29.0) min vs (130.0±30.1) min] (P<0.05). Conclusion Intrathecal dexmedetomidine hydrochloride at 12 μg improves anesthesia via shortening the sensory block onset and prolonging sensory and motor block,which maintains hemodynamically stable,and does not generate adverse reactions as nausea,vomiting,bradycardia and respiratory depression.

AIM: To study the neuroprotective effect and possible mechanism of ganglioside GM 1 on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy(HIE). METHODS: A rat model of neonatal HIE was established, then the pathological changes and expressions of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the brain tissues were investigated in different periods after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and the subseqent changes of the above results after GM 1 administrated. RESULTS: The damage of the brain exposed to HI were alleviated significantly after GM 1 administrated. The levels of NOS expressions in the brain tissue increased after HI. GM 1 could inhibit NOS expressions induced by HI. CONCLUSION: GM 1 may have some protective effects on neonatal HIE, and the possible mechanism is related to the partial inhibition of NOS expression.

Objective To investigate the status of mental health and related factors in cervical cancer patients received radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and to implement individualized nursing intervention.Methods 60 cervical cancer patients with radiation and chemotherapy were enrolled in this study.The depression self rating scale(SDS),anxiety self-assessment scale(SAS) were evaluated,and the influence factors of self-designed questionnaires were investigated.During the same period,60 healthy women of 4 regions in Shantou were selected as control group.The SDS and SAS were compared in two groups.And combined with the influencing factors of the investigation group after the implementation of nursing intervention 7 d psychological assessment again.Results Cervical cancer patients with radiotherapy and chemotherapy,the SDS and SAS scores were (56.1±7.7)points,(45.2±7.5)points,which were significantly higher than those of healthy women [(45.0±6.3)points,(39.2±6.5)points,t=8.142,4.588,all P<0.01].After 7 days of nursing intervention,the SDS and SAS scores in cervical cancer patients decreased significantly[SDS(49.5±6.8)points,SAS(42.7±6.2)points,P<0.05],and the influence factors of patients' mental health were worry about the hospitalization expenses,do not understand the disease related knowledge,fear,the influence of family and society,and worry about the side effects of treatment on the prognosis of disease(88%,80%,80%,75%,68.3%,65%).Conclusion Cervical cancer patients received radiotherapy and chemotherapy have poor mental health status,in the treatment of diseases at the same time,the nursing staff should give psychological counseling and support,improve the patients' anxiety and depression,promote rehabilitation.

0.05)Both the anticoagulants and the anti-platelet agents can reduce MES. During 1.5 year, s follow-up, the recurrent rate of ischemic event in the MES positive group was markedly higher than that in the MES negative group(P

Objective To assay the plasma omentin level in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and investigate the relationship between plasma omentin level,glucose and lipid metabolism,insulin resistance and NAFLD.Methods The plasma omentin level was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in all subjects,including patients of T2DM controls with NAFLD (group A,50 cases),T2DM without NAFLD (group B,50 cases),simple with NAFLD(group C,51 cases) and normal controls (group D,49 cases).Meanwhile,blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),lipids and insulin levels were also measured.Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio were evaluated.Insulin sensitivity was assessed by HOMA-IR.Results The plasma omentin level was (17.85 ±3.68),(13.89 ±10.68),(26.05 ±7.26) and (22.92 ±2.71)μg/L in group A,B,C and D respectively.The plasma omentin level of group A and group B was significantly lower than that of group C and group D(P ＜ 0.05).The plasma omentin level of group A was higher than that of group B (P ＜ 0.05).The plasma omentin level of group C was higher than that of group D (P＜ 0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the plasma omentin level was negatively correlated to weight,BMI,waist,triglyceride,fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin (FINS) and HOMA-IR (P ＜0.05 or ＜0.01),and positively correlated to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)(P ＜0.01).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that BMI,HOMA-IR and FINS was independent variable of omentin.The concentration of omentin was 24.82 μ g/L which could predict the risk of NAFLD in people with normal glucose regulation.Conclusions The plasma omentin level is closely correlated with glucose,lipid metabolism and insulin resistance.Plasma omentin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM and NAFLD.

Objective To determine contact allergens and their clinical significance in patients with dermatitis or eczema in Wuxi city.MethodsPatch test was conducted in 1065 patients with a clinical diagnosis of dermatitis or eczema.A statistical analysis was carried out.Results Positive patch test reactions were observed in 83.19％ of the patients,with no statistical differences in the frequency of positive patch test reactions between female and male patients or between patients of different age groups.The most frequent 6 allergens were potassium dichromate,cobalt chloride,nickle sulfate,formaldehyde,carba mix and fragrance mix in these patients.Female patients showed a higher frequency of positive patch test reaction to nickle sulfate and formaldehyde,but a lower frequency to potassium dichromate and carba mix compared with male patients (all P＜ 0.01 ); young,middle-aged,and old patients exhibited an increased frequency of positive reaction to cobaly chloride compared with child patients,while young and middle-aged patients showed a decreased frequency to nickel sulfate compared with child patients (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Potassium dichromate,cobalt chloride,nickle sulfate,formaldehyde,carba mix and fragrance mix are the main allergens causing dermatitis and eczema in Wuxi city.

BACKGROUND: It has been explained in many big sample experiments that community comprehensive prevention from the risks of cardiocerebrovascular disease can reduce its morbidity and mortality. But, it is required more samples to verify the evaluations of the process and effect of intervention.OBJECTIVE: To understand the effect of community comprehensive prevention on cardiocerebrovascular disease and hygienic costs demanded and summarizes the suitable patterns of comprehensive prevention on cardiocerebrovascular disease in countryside.DESIGN: Healthy people in community were taken as the objects and community intervention was designed.SETTING: Department of Community Hygienic Service of People's Hospital in Guzheng Town, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province and Neurological Institute of Guangzhou Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 32 000 inhabitants were collected from 8 villages in Guzheng Town, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province from March 1992 to March 2002, aged varied from 20 to 74 years, of which, 14 600inhabitants were male and 17 400 inhabitants were female.METHODS: The intervention of community-based prevention was applied on cardiocerebrovascular disease, including managementof hypertension,smoking control, rational nutrient, nationwide body building and diabetic management.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Awareness, attitude and behavior related to cardiocerebrovascular disease. [2] Management rate and control rate of hypertension. [3] Morbidity and mortality of cerebral apoplexy.RESULTS: [1] By 10-year intervention, awareness rate of hypertension in whole group was 70.29%. [2] Management rate and control rate of hypertension were increased yearly, in which, the management rate was increased from 25.66% in 1997 to 80.50% in 2002, the total control rate was increased from 4.43% in 1997 to 45.80% in 2002, the control rate of blood pressure ＜160/95 mm HG (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) was 58.80%and that ＜140/90 mm Hg was 32.80%. [3] The systolic and diastolic pressures in intervention community were decreased averagely, in which the D-values are 7.23 mm Hg and 3.92 mm Hg respectively. [4] The awareness, attitude and behavior related to cardiocerebrovascular disease were enhanced remarkably. [5] Morbidity and mortality of cerebral apoplexy were in tendency of decreasing yearly, from 146.90/100 000 and 108.63/100 000 in 1997 to 105.83/100 000 and 69.90/100 000 in 2002 respectively, by 41.07/100 000 and 38.73/100 000 respectively in 6 years and the age of incidence was postponed. [6] It was indicated in economic analysis that the average ratio of profit to cost between 1997 and 2001 was 2.32.CONCLUSION: Community-based comprehensive prevention on cardiocerebrovascular disease improves the awareness, attitude and behavior in community group and reduces morbidity and mortality of cerebral apoplexy.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

METHODSThe medical records of Tianjin Third Central Hospital were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients who had been hospitalized for treatment of T2DM but without diagnosis of NAFLD between 2007 and 2012 and who had required a second hospitalization during this same period. Each patient was contacted by telephone for self-reporting of SES. Analysis was carried out with patients grouped according to SES (high vs. low) to determine association of SES with incidence of NAFLD at the second hospitalization; the relative risk (RR), attributable risk (AR) and attributable risk percent (ARP) were calculated. Furthermore, the correlation of SES with other clinical and socio-psychological variables was assessed.

RESULTSThe patients in the high and low SES groups showed no significant differences at baseline. For development of NAFLD by the time of the second hospitalization, the low SES group had an RR of 2.19, an AR of 20.74%, and an ARP of 54.39%. Correlation analysis showed that SES was positively correlated with body mass index (r=-0.582) and levels of glycated hemoglobin (r=-0.421), fasting serum insulin (r=-0.570), insulin resistance (as assessed by the HOMA method) (r=-0.487), low-density lipopmtein (r=-0.396) and C-reactive protein (r=-0.353) (all P<0.05), and negatively correlated with high-density lipopmtein (r =0.539) and with the scores for physical functioning (r =0.241), general health (r=0.234), social functioning (r =0.286), emotional health (r=0.251), and mental health (r=0.215) (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSES is an influencing factor of NAFLD in patients with T2DM and is closely related to obesity, insulin resistance, lipid metabolic disorder, chronic inflammation and life quality in patients with NAFLD and T2DM.

Objective To explore the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI)and compliance to bundled interven-tion measures,and evaluate the effect of bundled interventions on controlling SSI.Methods From October 2013 to September 2014,three types of surgeries (colorectal surgery,abdominal hysterectomy,and femoral neck repair sur-gery)in 29 hospitals in China were monitored,October 2013 to March 2014 was baseline investigated stage,April 2014 to September 2014 was intervention stage.Results A total of 6 166 episodes of surgeries were monitored,the incidence of SSI was 1 .64%,incidence of SSI following colorectal surgery,abdominal hysterectomy,and femoral neck repair surgery were 4.47%,1 .03%,and 0.21 % respectively.The P 75 time of three types of surgeries were 3,2,and 2 hours respectively.Compared with the baseline stage,the compliance to most intervention measures im-proved after intervention,the largest increase in the compliance to interventions was disinfection with chlorhexidine-containing disinfectant at surgical sites of colorectal surgery (increased by 29.09%),followed by preoperative shower of femoral neck repair surgery (increased by 26.24%),preoperative shower of colorectal surgery(increased by 22.95%),and skin preparation on the day of operation (increased by 20.75%).Incidences of SSI in three types of surgeries were not significantly different before and after intervention(all P >0.05).Conclusion The incidences of SSI are different among different types of surgeries,the compliance to most bundled intervention measures has im-proved to some extent after intervention,but effectiveness of intervention measures needs to be further observed.