Information of metabolic enzymes and transporters, physiological parameters of animals and demography of Chinese people were integrated to establish a digital liver model (DLM) based on metabolism and transporter and coded with VBA. Clearance and drug-drug interaction (DDI) of candidate drugs in animal and human could be predicted based on the pharmacokinetic data obtained from in vitro and in vivo experiments. Pravastatin and pitavastatin were selected as the samples to examine this model, where their clearance and their DDI with cyclosporine were predicted. The results showed that the predicted values of median parameters in same species were within twofold of observed values for 83.3% (5/6). The program's successful prediction in DDI tendency might indicate its application in optimizing the dosage regimen and reducing the risk of clinical trial.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of low-molecular heparin and urokinase on glomerular inflammation. Methods Forty 3-month-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups with 8 rats in each group: normal control (NC) group; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group; LPS and tranexamic acid (LT) group; LPS, tranexamic acid and low-molecular heparin (LTH) group; and LPS, tranexamic acid and urokinase (LTU) group. Fibrin deposition and CD11b positive cells were identified by immunohistochemical staining. Western blotting was used to determine the ICAM-1 expression. Results No fibrin depositions and CD11b positive cells were found in glomeruli of rats in NC group. Compared with NC group, fibrin deposit (9.1%?1.6%), CD11b positive cell (11.2?2.1) and ICAM-1 expressions (0.23?0.09) were significantly increased in L group (P0.05). Conclusion Both low-molecular heparin and urokinase can effectively decrease fibrin deposits and alleviate inflammation.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to investigate the effects of different tooth preparations on the fracture strength and pattern of failure of teeth with severe wedge-shaped defect restored with post and core crowns.

METHODSAccording to whether the teeth above the wedge-shaped defect was removed (represented by B) or not (represented by A), the ferrule next to the wedge-shaped defect was prepared (represented by D) or not (represented by C), the cast post-and-core was chosen (represented by E) or glass-fiber post and resin core was chosen (represented by F). A total of 64 human mandibular premolar teeth were randomly divided into 8 groups: A1-1 (A + C + E), A1-2 (A + C + F), A2-1 (A + D + E), A2-2 (A + D + F), B1-1 (B + C + E), B1-2 (B + C + F), B2-1 (B + D + E), B2-2 (B + D + F), each group 8 teeth. All the teeth were prepared and restored accordingly and then mounted on an electronic pressure universal testing machine. The maximum fracture strength and the patterns of failure were recorded.

RESULTS1) The fracture strength of Group A1-1 > that of Group B1-1, Group A1-2 > Group B1-2, Group B2-1 > Group B1-1, and Group B2-1 > Group B2-2 with significant differences (P < 0.05). 2) The patterns of repairable fracture in Group A1-2 and B1-2 were both 37.5%, and that of the other groups were 0. Furthermore, the difference was significant, and Group A1-2 and B1-2 were higher than other groups.

CONCLUSIONThe maintenance of the overhang above the severe wedge-shaped defect aid in the improvement of the fracture strength of the tooth restored with post and core crown. The ferrule of the wedge-shaped defect is not recommended to be prepared. Furthermore, the glass-fiber post and resin core is favorable for the re-repair of the teeth than the cast post and core.

Bicuspid ; Crowns ; Glass ; Humans ; Incisor ; Post and Core Technique ; Tooth Fractures ; Tooth Preparation

Cysts ; surgery ; Epiglottis ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; surgery ; Laryngoscopy ; methods ; Microsurgery ; methods

Objective To investigate the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic resection of tumors originated from gastric fundus muscularis propria.Methods Data of 53 patients with tumors originated from gastric fundus muscularis propria detected by endoscopic ultrasonograpy,treated by endoscopic resection and followed up at our hospital between January 2012 and June 2014 were reviewed.The postoperative pathology and complications were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety.Results The procedure was successfully performed on all patients and all lesions were removed in one procedure.The lesion size ranged from 0.5 to 4.5 cm and the operation time was 25-155 min[mean(46.7 ±18.2)min].Mild bleeding (5 ~150 ml)occurred in all cases,which was successfully managed by argon plasma coagulation,hot biopsy probe or endoclip.Perforation occurred in 8 patients(8 /53),seven of whom were closed with titanium clips and titanium clips combined with nylon cord.Laparoscopic intervention was applied to 1 case because of severe perforation.Gastrointestinal decompression,acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics were performed on all cases.No severe hemorrhage occurred.The average length of hospitalization was (5.3 ± 1.4)days(3-14 d).Pathology confirmed 46 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and 7 cases of leiomyoma. The patients were followed up for 3 to 27 months,and no tumor residue or recurrence was observed. Conclusion Endoscopic resection is a method not only to get the accurate pathologic diagnosis but also to meet principle of the local resection for stomach.It is safe,effective and worthy of recommendation.

Objective To investigate the effect of at-RA in macrophage accumulation in tubulointerstitium of rats with renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.Methods Unilateral ureteral obstructive(UUO) rat animal models were used for the study.40 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham group,UUO group,benazepril group,low-dose at-RA groups and high-dose at-RA groups.The rats were under intragastric administration by benazepril(10mg/(kg?d)) in benazepril group,and by(at-RA)(10mg/(kg?d)) in low-dose at-RA group and 20mg/(kg?d) in high-dose at-RA group and by sodium chloride in tales doses in sham group and UUO group from the day before the operation to 14 day after operation.Immunohistochemistry staining of CD68 and Col Ⅲ was used to define the macrophage accumulation and expression of interstitial Col Ⅲ.The degree of tubulointerstitial damage was scored by HE and Masson staining.Results Tubulointerstitial macrophage infiltration were all significantly reduced by(at-RA) or benazepril treatment.They also improved the histological changes of UUO rats and inhibited interstitial colⅢ deposition.Conclusion Reduction of interstitial macrophage infiltration may be an important event by which(at-RA) or benazepril prevents renal injury caused by UUO.

AIM: To establish a cell line of stable silencing of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) expression through short hairpin RNA ( shRNA)-mediated interference in murine RAW264.7 macrophages, and to investigate the proliferation and apoptosis in the cell line.METHODS:Stable silencing of P2X7 R gene in the RAW264.7 cells was achieved by re-combinant shRNA plasmid targeting murine P2X7 R gene via liposome mediated transfection, followed by G418 selection. The efficacy of plasmid transfection and P2X7 R silencing in G418 resistant cells was verified by immunofluorescent micros-copy and real-time PCR, respectively.The proliferative activity was analyzed by CCK-8 assay and EdU cell proliferation as-say.The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry.RESULTS:The expression of P2X7 R at mRNA and protein levels was down-regulated by 80% in shP2X7 R group compared with negative control ( NC) plasmid transfection.In addition, P2X7 R-silencing cells exhibited higher proliferative activity compared with NC and wild-type RAW264.7 cells (P<0.05).Compared with NC cells, P2X7R silencing resulted in an increase in the phagocytosis of the cells ( P<0.05) .CONCLUSION:A cell line RAW264.7 of stable silencing of P2X7 R expression was successfully es-tablished.P2X7 R gene silencing stimulates the proliferation, and changes phagocytic function in murine RAW264.7 macro-phages.

OBJECTIVETo study the changes in surface morphology of cobalt-chromium alloy, pure titanium and high-cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy immersed in artificial saliva with different concentrations of fluoride, and to analyze the corrosion resistance of these metals.

METHODSThe three kinds of metal were polished and then were immersed in artificial saliva with different concentrations of fluoride (0%, 0.05%, 0.2%). All specimens were immersed for 3 weeks at (37.0 +/- 1.0) degrees C. Metal surface roughness before and after immersion were measured and analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

RESULTSMetal surface roughness was increased with the concentration of fluoride. The surface roughness of the Co-Cr group and Ti group had a statistically significant difference between before and after immersion at the fluoride concentration of 0.05% (P<0.01), and the difference between Co-Cr group and vitallium2000 group, Ti group and vitallium2000 group were statistically significant difference (P<0.01). The differences of three groups before and after immersion were statistically significant at the fluoride concentration of 0.2% (P<0.01), and the difference among three groups was statistically significant (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONPatients who frequently use fluoride products should not use pure titanium or cobalt-chromium alloy prosthesis. Patients with these three metal prostheses are not advised to use high concentration fluoride products.

Chromium Alloys ; Corrosion ; Dental Alloys ; Fluorides ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Phosphates ; Saliva, Artificial ; Surface Properties ; Titanium

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate reproductive concerns among breast cancer patients of reproductive age, analyze the influencing factors, explore the relationship between coping styles, fear of progression (FOP), and reproductive concerns, and identify the multiple effects of coping styles on the relationship between FOP and reproductive concerns among Chinese breast cancer patients. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among breast cancer patients in four tertiary grade A hospitals in Fujian, China, from January 2022 to September 2022. A total of 210 patients were recruited to complete paper-based questionnaires, which included the general data questionnaires, the Reproductive Concerns After Cancer Scale (RCACS), the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FOP-Q-SF), and the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ). Structural equation models were utilized to evaluate the multiple effects of coping styles on FOP and reproductive concerns. Results: Reproductive concerns in breast cancer patients had a mean score of 53.02 (SD, 10.69), out of a total score of 90, and coping styles for cancer (confrontation, avoidance) were closely associated with FOP and reproductive concerns. FOP showed a significant positive correlation with reproductive concerns (r = .52, p < .01). At the same time, confrontation was significantly negatively correlated with both FOP (r = −.28, p < .01) and reproductive concerns (r = −.39, p < .01). Avoidance was positively correlated to both FOP (r = .25, p < .01) and reproductive concerns (r = .34, p < .01). The impact of FOP on reproductive concerns is partially mediated by confrontation and avoidance, with effect sizes of .07 and .04, respectively. These mediating factors account for 22.0% of the total effect. Conclusions The FOP directly impacted reproductive concerns, while coping styles could partially mediate the association between FOP and reproductive concerns. This study illustrates the role of confrontation and avoidance in alleviating reproductive concerns, suggesting that it is necessary to focus on the changes in reproductive concerns among reproductive-age breast cancer patients. Healthcare professionals can improve disease awareness and reduce patients' FOP, thereby promoting positive psychological and coping behaviors and ultimately alleviating reproductive concerns.

Objective:The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 18 cases of Japanese spotted fever (JSF) in Zigui County were analyzed in order to improve the prevention and treatment of JSF.Methods:This is a case series analysis. The epidemiological and clinical data, laboratory tests and imaging characteristics of 18 JSF cases with median age of 60 years (54, 68) identified by The People′s Hospital of Zigui from April 2021 to August 2022 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Results:Most (17/18) of the patients were farmers and all had a field exposure history. The patient′s onset was from April to October. Spring and autumn were the seasons with the highest incidence of JSF. The first symptoms of patients were high fever, headache, and fatigue. Of the 18 cases, 15 had a rash and 12 presented an eschar and 3 had neither rash nor eschar. In addition, 10 of 18 cases experienced edema of both lower extremities, and 3 got disturbance of consciousness. Laboratory tests found that 15 patients had abnormal white blood cells and 11 patients had decreased platelets. C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase were elevated in all patients; 13 patients with elevated alanine aminotransferase, 14 patients with elevated aspartate transamination. Kidney damage caused by Rickettsia japonica infection showed by abnormal proteinuria in 11 of the patients. Conclusions:The most common clinical manifestations of JSF are non-specific indications such as high fever, chills, fatigue, headache. The eschar and rash, which are the main features of Rickettsia infection, are not present in all patients, resulting delay of diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Medical workers should be more alert to rickettsial infections in patients with fever of unknown origin, especially in seasons of high incidence of spotted fever. Early diagnosis and correct antibiotic treatment shall be given according to the patient′s clinical manifestations, laboratory results and imaging test to control disease progression.