Objective To study the asepsis security of the interior cover of polypropylene plastic dropping bottle.Methods The whole samples were divided randomly into two groups,each group included 42 polypropylene plastic dropping bottles,Samples of the control group were collected from the interior covers of dropping bottles wiping with sterile normal saline cotton swabs.Samples of the experimental group were also collected from the interior covers wiping with sterile normal saline cotton swabs aher disinfected by 0.5%iodophors and 75%alcohol respectively.All samples were inoculated on the aseptic plain agar nutrition flat plate.then incubated in 37℃ incubaton to observe the growth of bacteria.Results There Was statistical significance between the two groups in the growth of bacteria,χ2=46.791,P<0.01.Conclusions The interior covers of polypropylene plastic dropping bottle should be disinfected strictly before they are used in clinic.

Objective To simply coloclysis procedure,lower material consumption and relieve nurses'work burden.Methods 30 patients and 30 nurses were divided into three groups with 10 patients and 10 nurses in each group and three enemators were applied in these three groups.The safety,conveniece,operation time,cubic capacity,flow rate and skin reaction to coloclysis chemical reagents were observed.Results The results of the above mentioned factors were different among three groups(P<0.01).The traditional enemator had less satisfying degree for its operation procedure,more time and material consumption than the other enemators.Conclusion The medical portable hand-pressure enemator proved to be safe,convenient,and portable.It reduced material consumption and alleviated the nurses'work burden.

Objective To observe the effect of glass fiber post combined with gingival retraction in the treat-ment of teeth with severe wedge -shaped defect.Methods 53 patients with 120 teeth treated for severe wedge -shaped defect were selected.All the teeth were given root canal treatment,glass fiber post was applied after root canal prepared and resin was applied to fill wedge-shaped defect after gingival retraction.All the teeth were followed up for 2-3 years.Results In 2-3 years follow-up after treatment,there was no adverse outcome such as crown fracture or root fracture,neither filling material falling off in all the 53 patients with 120 teeth.The effect was good and satis-fied.Conclusion The indication should be strictly grasped and then it is convenient to apply glass fiber post com-bined with gingival retraction to treat premolar with severe wedge -shaped defect,and complete coronal restoration should be avoided to reduce the cost of health care.

Objective To explore the application of LEEP in treatment of CIN and to identify the risk factors for residual lesions and recurrence of CIN after treatment of LEEP.Methods 253 patients with CIN were given treatment of LEEP.Cure rate,recurrence and residual lesions rate were observed.Pathologic examination results before and after treatment of LEEP were compared,risk factors for residual lesions and recurrence of CIN after treatment of LEEP were identified from age,generation,TCT examination,HPV-DNA,pathologic examination and vertebral cutting edge of specimens,et al.Results LEEP was featured with characteristics of fast,minimal trauma and low incidence of complications,cure rate was 80.24％,residual lesions and recurrence rates were 11.46％ and 8.30％,diagnose accordance rate before and after LEEP was 78.26％,positive examination of vertebral cutting edge of specimens was the risk factor for residual lesions and recurrence of CIN after treatment of LEEP.Conclusion LEEP is an ideal methods for diagnosis and treatnent of CIN,follow-up and retreatment should be applied for CIN patients with positive examination of vertebral cutting edge of specimens after treatment of LEEP.

AIM:To investigate the current situation and future trend of the use of antihypertensives in Fuzhou District METHODS:The data of antihypertensives used in 10 hospitals of Fuzhou District during the 1997～2000 were analysed by DDD RESULTS:15 different kinds of antihypertensives were used in these 10 hospitals and captopril,nifedipine and HCT were the first 3 agents in DDDs order in 4 years The use of long-acting calcium antagnosts,felodipine slow-released tablets,increased year by year CONCLUSION:Economical feasibility and effectiveness are the basic principle for using drugs The long-acting preparations are gradually attracting attention of clinical doctors because they are convenient in taking and less in ADRs

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of pioglitazone on secreation and mRNA expressions of TNF-? in adipocytes of high-cholesterol model rats.METHODS:30 rats fed with high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks were randomly assigned to receive high cholesterol diet alone(high-cholesterol group,n=15) or high-cholesterol diet plus pioglitazone(3 mg?kg-1?d-1) (pioglitazone group,n=15) for 4 weeks.Another 15 rats were assigned to control group and fed with common diet for 12 weeks.Then the rats were sacrificed,with indexes such as blood lipid,serum concentration and mRNA expression of TNF-? in adipocytes of high-cholesterol rats determined.Besides,normal adipocytes were taken and treated with lipopolysaccharide and different concentrations of pioglitazone (0.1,1.0,10.0 ?mol?L-1) followed by a determination of TNF-? level and mRNA expression level.RESULTS:Compared with high-cholesterol group,serum concentration and mRNA expression of TNF-? in pioglitazone group were significantly lowered,but pioglitazone treatment showed little impact on blood sugar level and blood lipid level.Pioglitazone(0.1,1.0,10.0 ?mol?L-1) dose-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-? secretion and mRNA expression in cultured adipocytes.CONCLUSION:Pioglitazone can reduce TNF-? level of fatty tissue and serum in high-cholesterol model rats.

Objective:To analyze the relationship among hypertensive cardiac change,kidney disease and hyperten-sive retinopathy (HRP).Methods:A total of 100 patients with hypertension,who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from Jan 2012 to Dec 2013,were enrolled,including 90 HRP patients (34 cases of class Ⅰ,49 cases of class Ⅱ,six cases of class Ⅲ and one case of class Ⅳ)and 10 cases with normal fundus (normal control group). Clinical data of all patients were analyzed,left ventricular mass index (LVMI),carotid intima-media thickness (IMT)and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)etc.were measured.Results:Compared with normal control group, there were significant thickening in IMT [(0.62±0.30)mm vs.(0.87±0.16)mm vs.(1.10±0.28)mm]in HRP class Ⅰ+Ⅱ group,class Ⅲ+Ⅳ group,the IMT of class Ⅲ+Ⅳ group was significantly thickened than that of class Ⅰ+Ⅱ group (P <0.01 all);Compared with normal control group,the incidence rates of cardiac dilation (0%vs.12.05% vs.71.43%)and kidney function damage (0% vs.24.10% vs.85.71%)significantly rose in HRP class Ⅰ+Ⅱ group,class Ⅲ+Ⅳ group,the incidence rates of cardiac dilation and kidney function damage in HRP class Ⅲ+Ⅳ group significantly rose than those of class Ⅰ+Ⅱ group (P <0.01 all).Conclusion:Severity of hyper-tension retinopathy is closely related to hypertensive cardiac dilation and kidney function damage.

Imbalance of energy metabolism is a major cause for metabolic syndrome. AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK is a central component of a protein kinase cascade that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of intracellular energy status.AMPK activity is a response to the ratio of AMP/ATP in the cell.When a stress causes an inhibition of ATP production or an increase of ATP consumption,cellular AMP/ATP ratio increases,AMPK is activated.Once activated,AMPK initiates a series of responses to restore the energy balance within the cell.AMPK switches on catabolic pathways,such as fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis,to generate ATP,and switches off anabolic pathways,such as fatty acid synthesis and protein synthesis,to reduce ATP-consumption.Therefore,AMPK functions in an ideal position not only as an energy sensor at cellular level,but also as a pivotal player in the regulating pathways that control both energy expenditure and energy intake,in particular by mediating the effects of hormones and cytokines such as leptin,adiponectin and ghrelin.The recent finding that anti-diabetic drug metformin and TZD regulates glucose metabolism through the activation of AMPK suggested a possible role of AMPK in protecting the body from metabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome,obesity and type 2 diabetes.Thus,further work in this field in the next several years will be necessary in order to fullyunderstand the role of AMPK in regulating the balance of energy storage and expenditure in different tissues and at the whole body level.Targeting to AMPK cascade would also have potentially pharmaceutical application for obesity and metabolic syndrome.

AIM: To study the neuroprotective effect and possible mechanism of ganglioside GM1 on neonatal rats with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). METHODS: A rat model of neonatal HIE was established, then the pathological changes and expressions of glutamate and EAAC1 glutamate transporter in the brain tissues were investigated in different periods after hypoxia ischemia (HI) and the subsequent changes of the above results after GM1 administrated were studied too. RESULTS: The damages of the brain by exposed to HI were alleviated remarkably after GM1 administrated. The levels of glutamate neuron expressions in the brain tissue decreased after HI but EAAC1 increased. GM1 could partly prevent glutamate neuron reduction induced by HI and increase EAAC1 expression. CONCLUSION: GM1 may have some protective effects on glutamate neuron in neonatal HIE, and the possible mechanism is related to the partial increasing of EAAC1 expression.