Kinetics of municipal sewage degradation in Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) and Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors at 10℃ were investigated via continuous experimental equipments. The results indicated that the whole reaction process can be simulated by the first-order dynamic equation model. Dynamic parameters such as k, Vmax and Ks of UASB in hydrolysis acidification stage were 1.08 d-1, 2.8 d-1 and 372 mg/L comparing to those of 1.18 d-1, 3.5 d-1 and 112 mg/L in the methanogenesis stage respectively. The EGSB's k, Vmax and Ks were 2.91 d-1, 14.3 d-1 and 470 mg/L in the hydrolysis acidification stage comparing to those of 1.68 d-1, 6.6 d-1 and 103 mg/L in the methanogenesis stage respectively. Comparison of k values of the two stages in UASB and EGSB indicates that hydrolysis acidification stage is the controlling step for the whole reaction process of UASB, while methanogenesis stage is the controlling step in EGSB. Compared with UASB, municipal sewage treatment by EGSB at 10 ℃ can reach the same effluent requirement with lower retention time due to its effluent recirculation.

Objective To detect the PML-RARα fusion gene expression of APL patients with FISH and fluorescent quantitative PCR and discuss the sensitivity and specificity of two techniques. Methods The detection of the PML-RARα fusion gene expression of 75 APL patients with FISH and fluorescent quantitative PCR were carried out simultaneously. Results Eighty eight patients of primary and relapse or remission phases were examinated and total conformity rate was 96.59 %. Fourteen primary patients were detected and conformity rate was 100 %. Seventy four relapse or remission patients were detected and conformity rate was 95.95 %. Stem cell essays were detected for six times and conformity rate was 100 %. Conclusion The sensitivity of FISH and fluorescent quantitative PCR is identical for primary APL patients and FISH is more sensitive. But the sensitivity of FISH is weaker than that of fluorescent quantitative PCR for detection of residue disease.

Objective To explore the potential relationship between the mast cells (MCs) in renal interstitium and the renal interstitial fibrosis in lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Renal biopsy specimens from patients with types Ⅲ,Ⅳand Vof LN (n=10, respectively), and with minimal change diseases (n=11,as control) were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry staining and immunofluorescence double-staining were used to detect the amount of MCs, the expression of proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1) and collagen type I (Col I ) in the renal tissues. Results The amount of MCs in renal interstitium, the positive areas of PAR-2 and TGF-?1 in the renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), the amount of PAR-2-positive cells and TGF-?1-positive cells in renal interstitium, and the positive areas of Col I in the renal inter stitium were all higher in three LN groups compared with those in control. Furthermore, among the three LN groups, the above-mentioned parameters were the highest in type Ⅳ and second in type Ⅲ.There were significant positive correlations between the amount of MCs in renal interstitium and the positive areas of PAR-2, TGF-?1 in RTECs as well as the positive areas of Col I in renal interstitium (r=0.513, 0.508, 0.611, respectively, P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of case management care practice on the self-care ability of the elderly patients with prostate cancer during the endocrine therapy. Methods About 84 patients were divided into two groups by drawing lots. About 41 cases in the control group continued their treatment after discharge and consulted the nurses or doctors by phone call in case of problems. The 43 cases in the observation group was treated with case management for 3 months. The self-care ability was compared between the groups before and after the intervention. Result After the intervention, the ESCA total score of the observation group, self-care skills, self protection responsibility and health knowledge level were significantly higher than that of the observation group before intervention and that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Implementation of the case management can improve the self-care ability, health knowledge level, self-care skill and sense of responsibility of the elderly patients with prostate cancer during the endocrine therapy, eventually improving the patient's ability in self care.

Objective To evaluate the overall effectiveness of microsurgery for elderly pituitary adenomas,and to select the optimal surgical approaches for this type of tumor. Methods Microsurgical operation was performed on 190 patients with elderly pituitary ademomas,and these patients were retrospectively analysed. The 190 cases were divided into transsphenoidal group and transcranial group with a comparison analysis of respective removal percentage,postoperative complication and follow-up. Results In the transsphenoidal group with 158 cases,total removal were performed in 112 cases (71.0%),subtotal removal in 30 cases,partial removal in 16 cases. In the transcranial group with 32 cases,total removal were performed in 8 cases (25.0%),subtotal removal in 16 cases,partial removal in 8 cases. Conclusions Transsphenoidal approach was characterized by shorter hospitalization period,less therapeutic charges and better postoperative quality of life and it should be of choice for the treatment of the elderly pituitary adenomas.

Objective To explore the potential relationship between tryplase-positive mast cells (MCs) infiltration and renal interstitial fibrosis in acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) and chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN). Methods Renal biopsy specimens from patients with AIN (n=11) and CIN (n=16) were studied and 11 patients in minimal change diseases (MM)were as controls. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry staining assay were applied to delect the expression of tryptase, proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), TGF-?1 and collagen type I (Col I )in the renal tissues. Immunofluo-rescence double-staining assay was used to assess the relationship among MCs, PAR-2-positive cells, and TGF-?1-positive cells in the renal interstitium respectively. Results MCs in AIN and CIN were significantly increased compared with those in controls and were mainly scattered in the fibrotic areas of renal interstitium. The relative immunostaining areas for PAR-2, TGF-?1 in the renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) and Col I were significantly larger in AIN and CIN than those in controls respectively (P

Objective: To evaluate the health risk of drinking water in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province from 2021 to 2022, so as to provide insights into ensuring the safety of drinking water. Methods: The monitoring data of drinking water from 2021 to 2022 in Ningbo City were collected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The routine indicators and disinfectant indicators (radioactivity indicators were excluded) of drinking water were evaluated according to the reference limits issued by Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749-2006), and the qualification rates were calculated. The indicators with detection rate higher than 50% were selected, and assessed the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks via drinking water using the risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Results: A total of 1 678 samples were monitored in Ningbo City from 2021 to 2022. Sodium hypochlorite was the main disinfectant among 1 558 samples from centralized water supply (1 079 samples, 64.30%), and none of the 120 samples from decentralized water supply underwent disinfection treatment. The qualification rate of 88.38%, and the pollutants with a detection rate higher than 50% were nitrate, fluoride, trichloromethane and aluminum. The median carcinogenic risk value of trichloromethane was 2.964×10-6 (interquartile range, 3.909×10-6), and the median hazard quotient values of nitrate, fluoride, trichloromethane and aluminum were 1.631×10-2 (interquartile range, 1.361×10-2), 3.955×10-2 (3.164×10-2), 2.231×10-2 (2.942×10-2) and 2.136×10-4 (6.573×10-4), respectively. Conclusion The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks through drinking water for 17 pollutants in drinking water of Ningbo City from 2021 to 2022 were at low levels.

Objective To delineate the potency of YC-1 on the proliferation,apoptosis,cell cycle and the protein expression of Caspase-3,-8,-9 in U937 and THP-1 leukemia cell lines.Methods MTT assay was performed to detect proliferation.Flow cytometry was used to measure the apoptosis and cell cycle.The expression of Caspase-3,-8 and-9 were detected by Western blot.Results The MTT assay showed that cell proliferation was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner in 1.0,3.0,10.0 μmol/L YC-l-treated U937 and THP-1 cells.The survival rates for YC-1 after 24 h in U937 cells were (76.5±4.4) ％,(68.7±6.8) ％,(60.9±13.2) ％ respectively and (94.1±1.4) ％,(81.4±2.0) ％,(72.7±3.0) ％ respectively in THP-1 cell,compared with the control group (100 ％),there were significant differences (F =15.870,126.629,P ＜ 0.01).The apoptosis rates for 1.0,3.0,10.0 μmol/L YC-1 after 24 h were (40.7±1.0) ％,(55.6±2.3) ％,(71.8±1.5) ％respectively in U937 cells and (34.6±2.0) ％,(50.3±3.5) ％,(59.6±4.6) ％ respectively in THP-1 cells.With the control group (4.7±1.4) ％,(1.8±1.0) ％,there were significant difference (F =937.229,200.447,P ＜ 0.01).However,there was no significant difference for cell cycle.In addition,Cleaved Caspase-8 and Cleaved Caspase-3 expression after 1.0,3.0,10.0 μmol/L YC-1 treated for 24 h were significantly higher than control,but the expression of Caspase-9 did not appear significant change in U937 cells.As the same concentration and time point,Cleaved Caspase-3 expression increased with no change of Caspase-9 or Caspase-8 in THP-1 cells.Conclusion YC-1 effectively suppress the proliferation with little effect on cell cycle,but induce the apoptosis,have no effect on cell cycle,and the mechanism of apoptosis may be related to the Caspase activation in U937 and THP-1 cell lines.

Objective To explore the relationship between WT1 and prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and to evaluate the possibility of WT1 as a potential marker for monitoring the minimal residual disease (MRD). Methods Bone marrow mononuclear cells from 58 patients with primary AML, 32 patients with primary ALL, 40 patients with AML-complete remission (CR), 28 patients with ALL-CR and 31 patients with trilineage hyperplasia (control group) were collected. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR method was used to detect the expression of WT1 in all patients. The expression threshold of WT1 in each group was established. WT1 copy number/ABL copy number ratio×100%denotes the relative expression level of WT1 gene. Results Median relative expression level of WT1 in the control patients was much lower than that in primary AML patients [0.026%(0-0.240%) vs. 20.880 % (3.550 %-48.500 %), Z=-7.74, P<0.000 1]. Relative expression level of WT1 between AML-CR patients [0.102%(0-5.380%)] and primary AML patients had significant difference (Z=-8.34, P<0.000 1). Moreover, the relative expression level rate of the first course in AML patients with higher WT1 expression level (>20.880 %) was 60.7 % (17/28), while the CR rate was 76.7 % (23/30) in those with lower WT1 expression. WT1 expression was increased dramatically in recurrent AML patients. Relative expression level of WT1 was significantly higher in primary ALL patients [0.350 % (0.021 %-10.780 %)] compared with that in the control group Z=-2.58, P<0.05. There was no significant difference in relative expression level of WT1 between ALL and ALL-CR patients [0.038 % (0-2.800 %), P=0.065]. Conclusion WT1 expression level in AML patients is relatively high, which could be used as an effective index of prognosis evaluation and MRD monitoring for AML patients, but not for ALL patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation combined with body weight supported treadmill training on neural functional recovery of rats with spinal cord injury.Methods T11 complete spinal cord injury (SCI) was introduced into 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats using an improved simple device,imitating the Allen method.The rats were randomly divided into a stem cell transplantation group,a body weight support treadmill training group,a combined treatment group and a control group,each of 10 assigned according to a random number table.One week after the SCI operation,stem cell transplantation was performed on the rats in the stem cell transplantation group and the combined treatment group.One day before their transplantation,the third passage BMSCs were labeled with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (Edu).The rats in body weight support treadmill training group and combined treatment group were received body weight support treadmill training,while the other two groups were not given any training.At the 1 st,2nd,3rd,4th and 5th week after SCI modeling,Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) movement function score was used to evaluate the motor function recovery of all rats.At the 5 th week after SCI,immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining was applied to detect neural specific markers including the neuron specific enolase (NSE),microtubule associated protein (MAP-1 β) and vimentin (VIM).The survival and differentiation of the transplanted cells,as well as the nerve fiber recovery in the lesion were also observed.Results The average BBB score of the combined treatment group was (6.60 ± 0.97) at the 2nd week after SCI operation,significantly higher than the other 3 groups,while that of the stem cell transplantation group and the body weight support treadmill training group was (5.00 ± 0.67) and (4.80 ± 0.63) respectively,both higher than that of the control group but without significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).In the third week after modeling,however,the value of the stem cell transplantation group rose to (8.00 ± 0.67),significantly higher than that of the body weight support treadmill training group (6.80 ± 0.79).The immuohistochemical staining showed that a variable degree of neural specific markers (NSE,MAP-1 β,VIM) positive cells were observed in the SCI tissues of all groups,with those in the combined treatment group significantly higher than the other 3 groups.The immunofluorescence also found significantly higher fluorescence expression of neural specific protein markers including NSE,MAP-1 βand VIM in the combined treatment group than the rest group,with obvious proliferation and differentiation of nerve fibers.Conclusions Stem cell transplantation combined with partial body weight supported treadmill training can effectively promote the recovery of neural function of rats with spinal cord injury,and the effect is better than solely stem cell transplantation or the weight loss training.