Objective To investigate the pesticide residues in vegetables in Changchun of China. Methods 10 kinds of organophsphorus and pyrethroid pesticide residues in 8 kinds of vegetables were determined by capillary gas chromatography in 2003-2004. Results 4 kinds of organophosphorus (methyl parathion, DDVP, parathion, phorate) and 2 kinds of pyrethroid pesticides (Cypermethrin, Fenvalerate) were detected in the vegetables in 2003. 4 kinds of pesticides were detected in spinach,tomato, leek, capsicum, celery and cucumber, but not in cabbage and cole. The parathion residues and the rate of exceeded limit in spinach, capsicum was 0.007 mg/kg, 0.036 mg/kg and 9.09% respectively. The phorate residues in tomato was 0.0150 mg/kg, the rate of exceed limit was 12.5%. The most popular pesticide residued in these vegetables was methyl parathion which was detected in 5 kinds of vegetables, DDVP and cypermethrin was detected in 3 kinds of vegetables. 4 kinds of organophsphorus (DDVP, Methamidophos, Omethoate, Chlorpyrifos) and 3 kinds of pyrethroids pesticides (Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Fenvalerate) residues were detected in 8 kinds of vegetables in 2004. 6 kinds of pesticide were detected in leek, pesticides were also detected in the other vegetables. Methamidophos residue in leek was 0.705 0-22.560 0 mg/kg, the rate of exceed limit was 100%, omethoate residue and the rate of exceed limit in leek and capsicum was 0.219 5-0.414 5 mg/kg, 0.0170 mg/kg and 100%,14.29% respectively. Fenvalerate was detected in 8 kinds of vegetables, Cypermethrin in 5 kinds of vegetables. Conclusion Generally speaking, the problem on the organophosphorus and pyrethroids pesticide residues existed in vegetables in Changchun, China is more serious.

Clinics are a main institutional form for doctors to open personal business in China .The develop-ment process of clinic reflects the situation of medical staff free practice .This study summarized the supervision poli-cies on clinic in China since the founding of China and got three conclusions .The first one was the attitude of the practice of the clinic has changed significantly .The change include four stages which were authorization ( 1949—1957 ) , limitations ( 1958—1977 ) , re-authorization ( 1978—1996 ) , promotion and encourage ( 1997—) along with macroeconomic system reform and the changes of government's governance ideas on health sector .The second conclu-sion was that the government gradually raised awareness of the status and role of the clinic institutions in the health system over the past several decades .The third conclusion was the supervision policies became more meticulous .In the future , clinical institutions can be a useful supplement to public medical institutions in China for its development process and characteristics .

Objective:To understand the current situation and problems of the supervision of individual clinics in China , and put forward some reform suggestions .Methods:Two cities were selected from typical provinces in east-ern, central and western regions by typical sampling .The investigation was conducted by semi-structured interviews and typical clinic participant observation method .Results:There were serious problems in the regulation of the pri-vate clinics and it was necessary to build efficient regulation mechanism .Conclusions:We should strengthen the su-pervision of private clinics .In the future , we should improve the access threshold for the private clinic; strengthen inter-sector cooperation and joint law enforcement; promote information exchange and information network construc-tion;use economic incentives and punitive measures at the same time and make the association itself and social su -pervision work .

Objective To explore the expression and significance of HDGF and ADAM9 in esophageal cancer.Methods HDGF and ADAM9 expression in 113 patients with esophageal cancer (78 males and 35 females) with ages ranging from 28 to 87 years,averaged (61.2 ± 8.6) years,were analyzed by SP immunohistoehemical staining.Results The positive rates of HDGF and ADAM9 in esophageal cancer (78.8％ and 68.1％ respectively) were significantly higher than those in normal tissue(all were 30％).ADAM expressions were not correlated with age,sex,tissue types,lymph nodes metastasis,location and tumor size (P ＞ 0.05) ;the positive expression rate of HDGF and ADAM9 was related to differentiation,PT stages,and 5-year survival rate (P ＜0.05).HDGF was correlated with PT stage.Conclusion The expressions of HDGF and ADAM9 in esophageal cancer tissues were more higher than normal esophageal tissues,this means they could promote the development of tumor cells transformation,multiple and moving,and may be an useful tool for providing information about the targeted therapy and prognosis.

Objective To compare health status of senior high school graduates living as urban vs suburban areas in Beijing.Methods Wilcoxon rank sun test,Ridit analysis and fuzzy mathematics synthesis were used to evaluate body shape index,physical function index and health defects indicator of 39 982 senior high school graduates in Beijing.Results A total of 9 117 urban boys,9 299 suburban boys,10 380 urban girls and 11 186 suburban girls were studied.For the boys,the urban was superior to the suburban areas in body shape index (Rurt=0.518,Rsub=0.482,P＜0.05) and physical function index (Rurt=0.520,Rsub=0.480,P＜0.05),and the urban was inferior to suburban areas in health defects indicator (Rurb=0.501,Rsub=0.554,P＜0.05) and the composite index (Ruurb=0.484,Rsub=0.516,P＜0.05).For the girls,the urban was superior to the suburban areas in physical function index (Rurb=0.562,Rsob=0.442,P＜0.05),and the urban was inferior to the suburban areas in health defects indicator (Rurb=0.473,Rsub=0.523,P＜0.05).The differences between urban and suburban areas tended to be of no statistical significance in body shape (U=5.79,P＞0.05) and composite index (U=5.73,P＞0.05).In fuzzy mathematics synthesis,the scores of urban boys,suburban boys,urban girls and suburban girls were 68.37,69.13,69.83 and 69.79,respectively.Conclusion Our investigation identified some differences in body shape index,physical function index and health defects indicator among senior high school graduates living at urban vs.suburban areas,although the differences of synthetical health were not statistically significant.

Objective To study the expression and clinical significance of anty-apoptosis protein BAG-1 in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and its relationship with cell apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 protein. Methods Immunohisto chemistry streptavidin-peroxidase conjugated (SP)method was used to examine the expression of BAG-1protein and Bcl-2 protein,and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated UTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) method was used to examine the apoptosis index in 54 cases of NSCLC.The expression of BAG-1 protein in 20 cases of normal bronchus mucosa tissue also be detected as control. Results Express positive rate of BAG-1 protein in NSCLC is 74.07%,obviously higher than that in normal bronchus mucosa tissue(positive rate is 5%).In cases of NSCLC,the expression of BAG-1 protein has not correlation with the age,gender,pathologic classification,but have closed correlation with lymph node metastasis,degree of differentiation,pTNM stage(P

Objective To explore whether dithiothreitol(DTT)is helpful for PreScission Protease to cut off the GST from GST?CT3 protein. Meth?ods The pGEX?6P?3/CT3 recombinant plasmid was transfected into Escherichia coli BL21,and the GST?CT3 fusion protein was purified by B?PER method. PreScission Protease was applied with 10 mmol/L DTT to cut off the GST,then the SDS?PAGE was performed for identification of the CT3 protein. Results Without DTT,it was very difficult for PreScission Protease to cut off the GST from GST?CT3 protein. However,in the pres?ence of 10 mmol/L DTT,PreScission Protease could cut off the GST easily as identified by SDS?PAGE. Conclusion 10 mmol/L DTT can help Pre?Scission Protease to cut GST from GST?CT3 protein,so as to achieve high concentration of CT3.

Objective To investigate the relationship between various clinicopatholngic factors and prognosis of early gastric cancer. Methods The clinical data of 459 patients with early gastric cancer who had undergone gastrectomy combined with extended (D2) lymphadenectomy at Zhongshan Hospital from January 2002 to October 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and clinicopathologic factors such as age, sex, tumor size, gross morphology, tumor differentiation, depth of invasion, lymphatic vessels involvement and lymph node metastasis were analyzed using the Cox regression model. Univariate analysis was done by Log-rank test. Results Univariate analysis demonstrated that tumor size and differentiation, depth of invasion, lymphatic vessels involvement and lymph node metastasis significantly affected survival in patients with early gastric cancer (χ~2 = 8.476, 6.210, 4.014, 14. 197, 55.027, P < 0.05). The status of lymph node metastasis was an independent predictor of survival in patients with early gastric cancer, and the more metastatic lymph nodes detected, the greater the influence on the prognosis. Conclusions Lymph node metastasis is the most important factor influencing the prognosis of early gastric cancer. Appropriate lymph node dissection is necessary, especially for patients with risk factors associated with lymph node metastasis.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of trans-gastric route combined with trans-colonic or trans-vaginal route endoscopic salpingectomy and liver biopsy, as methods of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). Methods Endoscopic salpingectomy and liver biopsy were per-formed in 4 female porcine models, in 2 of which the procedure was achieved via trans-gastric and trans-co-Ionic route (Group A), while in other 2 was via trans-gastric and trans-vaginal route (Group B). The ani-mals were sacrificed after the procedure and the related complications were observed. Results Abdominal cavity exploration, salpingectomy and liver biopsy could be performed successfully through two combined routes. Perforation of adjacent colon was found in 1 animal with the trans-colonic route NOTES. Conclusion NOTES via trans-gastric and trans-colonic routes or via trans-gastric and trans-vaginal for salpingectomy and liver biopsy are both feasible, while trans-vaginal route seems to be safer than trans-colunic route.

Objective To assess the feasibility and safety of combined transgastric and transcolonic endoscopic cholecystectomy in porcine model.Methods Five female miniature swines were subjected to cholecystectomy by the combined transgastric and transcolonic approach using two flexible endoscopes.The gastric wall of the swine was punctured with a needle knife,followed by dilatation with a balloon-dilator via the transgastric access.then a double channel endoscope was advanced into the peritoneal cavity.Another double-channel endoscope was advanced via a transcolonic access.Gallbladder excision was performed using transcolonic endoscope assisted by transgastric endoscope.After eholecystectomy the gastric and the colonic incisions were closed with clips.The animal was examined 14 days after operation.Results Cholecystectomy was failed in 4 swines because of incomplete exposing the gallbladder(3 swines)and hemarrhage during separating the gallbladder from the liver bed(1 swine).Only one swine was successfully performed cholecystectomy.But 3 perforations were found in the diaphragm which might be done by transcolonic endoscope.The swine lost 4 kg 14 days after the operation.The necropsy revealed a complete transmural healing of the gastric incision with minimal adhesions and a complete healing of the colonic incision with heavy adhesions.An abscess with severe adhesions was found in the right lower quadrant.One perforation of the diaphragm healed,and the other two perfolrations merged and formed a diverticulum embedded with the liver.Conclusion Combined transgastric and transcolonic approach appears difficult for cholecystectomy and the safety remains tO be further studied.