BACKGROUND:Currently, the mechanism by which calcium phosphate ceramics induces osteogenesis is not fuly understood, and many scholars have tried to expound the mechanism from the perspective of the structural properties. OBJECTIVE:To review how the structural properties of calcium phosphate ceramics affect their osteoinductive activity. METHODS: The PubMed database and Google academic database (1997-01/2015-03) were searched to retrieve the related articles about the structural properties of calcium phosphate ceramics affecting their osteoinductive activity. After the articles with outdated reviews or repetitive contents were ruled out, 60 articles were suitable for further analysis and review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The structural properties of calcium phosphate ceramics are displayed by macrostructure, such as macropores, holes, pipes and space between particles, and microstructure, such as micropore, particle size, surface roughness, specific surface area. Each parameter of the structural properties affects the bioactivities of calcium phosphate ceramics in some way, which renders their abilities of inducing osteogenesis to arise from nothing or change from weakly to strongly. Apart from structure design, physical and chemical properties of calcium phosphate ceramics wil also affect its biological activityin vivo. Therefore, the physicochemical properties of calcium phosphate ceramics should be considered in the structure design in order to achieve an optimal osteoinductive activity.

According to the thoughts of experimental platform construction of the BME experimental teaching demonstration center,the education and institution construction relevant to concrete operating steps and methods are carried on.The engineering experimental platform featuring "Multiple-structure,Multiple-specialty,Integration,Open-type" are substantiated and perfected.A batch of advanced instruments for experimental teaching are purchased.The methods and measures for experimental teaching are improved.The scientific research is permeated into the student's experimental teaching for cultivation innovative talents.

Objective To compare the blood glucose level and associated hypoglycemia risks between group of insulin glargine combined with repaglinide and group of mixed insulin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the elderly. Methods Sixty four type 2 diabetes patients (age≥60 years) with inadequate glyeaemic control by drugs were divided into 2 groups randomly: glargine group (32 cases) and mixed insulin group (32 cases). In glargine group, 32 patients were given repaglinide before breakfast, lunch, supper respectively and injection of glargine hypodermically once at 22 o'clock every night, while the 32 patients in mixed insulin group were injected with the mixed insulin (Novolin 30R) hypodermically before breakfast and supper respectively for 16 weeks. The dose of repaglinide and insulin were adjusted every 3 days according to the level of fasting glucose (FPG)and postprandial glucose (PPG), reaching the aim of FPG less than 7.2 mmol/L and PPG less than 10mmol/L. The blood glucose level and the incidence of hypoglycemia were observed. Results The daily glucose profile and the level of HbAlc of the 2 groups dropped obviously after 16 weeks treatments (all P<0. 05). At the end of the experiment, the PPG of lunch and supper, and the level of HbAlc were markedly lower in glargine group than in mixed insulin group (all P<0. 05), and the body mass index (BMI) increased markedly in mixed insulin group compared with pre-experiment (P<0. 05), but no significant change was found in glargine group (P>0. 05). The incidence of hypoglycemia in glargine group was lower than that in mixed insulin group (2 patients in glargine group, 12 patients in mixed insulin group, P<0.05). Conclusions Both of the mixed insulin and glargine combined with repaglinide have visible effects on controlling the blood glucose, but the latter has better efficacy, lower risk of hypoglycemia and lower increase of BMI than the former.

Object To study the protective effects of glycosides of cistanche (GCs) on focal cerebral ischemic rats. Methods Focal cerebral ischemia in rats was induced by 24 h occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). The infarct area was measured by nitrobenzene thiocyanate (NBT) staining technique. The content of neurological deficits was evaluated by 0-11 scales. The activities of antioxidases and contents of MDA in ischemic brain tissue were analyzed. Results Significant decrease in infarct area and improvement in neurological deficits were observed by oral administration of GCs 125, 250 mg/kg, respectively. Significant increase in activities of SOD and GSH-Px, and significant decrease in contents of MDA in rats were also observed after 24 h MCAO. Conclusion GCs has a neuroprotective effect against focal cerebral ischemia and the effect may be related to the increase in activities of SOD and GSH-Px.

BACKGROUND:Repairing tuberculosis bone defect has become a research focus with the development of anti-tuberculosis functional bone tissue engineering scaffold. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the preparation, drug release performance and osteogenic properties of the anti-tuberculosis functional bone tissue engineering scaffold. METHODS:PubMed, Chinese Journal Ful-text Database, Wanfang databases were searched by computer for articles addressing functional bone tissue engineering scaffold for repair of tuberculosis bone defect. The keywords were“bone tissue engineering scaffold;tuberculosis;bone defect”in English and Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The anti-tuberculosis functional bone tissue engineering scaffold has good drug delivery, biocompatibility, osteogenic properties and anti-tuberculosis properties. As a good choice to avert bone defect relapse, the scaffold enables a long and stable drug release into bone defects to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-tuberculosis drugs topical y. Given the technical deficiencies, we can only combine two drugs with the anti-tuberculosis bone tissue engineering scaffold, although the combined use of three or four anti-tuberculosis drugs is preferred. Additional y, a complete course of anti-tuberculosis treatment often lasts for 6-12 months, which cannot be achieved by the existing anti-tuberculosis bone tissue engineering scaffold. Up to now, the effect of this scaffold has not yet been confirmed in animal models, although how to prepare this scaffold has been reported.

Objective To study the efficacy of gamma globulin in the early treatment of severe or almost severe hand -foot -mouth disease.Methods 80 children with severe or almost severe hand -foot -mouth disease were randomly divided into treatment group and control group by the random number table.The treatment group received the treatment of early gamma globulin,whereas patients in the control group received conventional therapy.The effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group(95.0%vs 77.5%,χ2 =5.165,P <0.05).The recovery time of body temperature and hemogram,rash and other adverse symptoms disap-peared in the treatment group were significantly shorter than those of the control group[(2.1 ±0.9)d vs (3.0 ± 1.1)d,(1.9 ±0.8)d vs (2.8 ±1.1)d,(4.1 ±1.3)d vs (6.2 ±2.1)d,(2.6 ±0.8)d vs (4.8 ±1.5)d,t =3.934,3.723,5.378,7.357,all P <0.05].Conclusion Early application of gamma globulin is effective and safe in treating severe hand -foot -mouth disease,which can relieve symptoms,control the disease quickly and improve prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the dietary iodine intake of people in different areas of Qinghai Province, and to provide the basis for scientific iodine supplementation and continuous elimination of iodine deficiency hazards.Methods:From 2018 to 2019, according to administrative division, natural geographical regions, population distribution and economic development level of Qinghai Province, a total of 14 survey sites were selected. One village was selected from each survey site, and 20 households were selected from each village, the salt samples and 24 h urine samples of all family members were collected to detect salt iodine and urinary iodine. One drinking water sample was collected at the five directions of east, west, south, north and middle of each village to detect water iodine. Salt iodine was detected by direct titration, urinary iodine and water iodine were detected by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. At the same time, the 3-day weighing method was used to investigate the diet, the daily dietary iodine intake per capita (the result was expressed as average) and the proportion of dietary iodine in urinary iodine were calculated, the daily dietary iodine intake per capita of different production modes (agricultural region and pastoral region), different geographical environment (Hehuang Valley, Qaidam Basin, Qilian Mountain and Qingnan Plateau), different nationalities (Han, Tibetan, Hui, Mongolian, Tu, Salar) and different economic levels (< 8 000, 8 000 -, 10 000 -, ≥12 000 Yuan) were compared.Results:A total of 999 people from 280 families were surveyed, including 511 males and 488 females. The median water iodine of each survey site was less than 10 μg/L, all of which were environmentally iodine-deficient areas. A total of 280 salt samples were collected, the median salt iodine was 26.0 mg/kg, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 100% (280/280). A total of 999 urine samples were tested, and the median urinary iodine of people was 192.5 μg/L, which was at an appropriate level of iodine. There was no statistically significant difference ( t =-1.599, P > 0.05) in the daily dietary iodine intake per capita (28.53, 33.44 μg) of people in agricultural region ( n = 643) and pastoral region ( n = 356). The daily dietary iodine intake per capita (25.38, 33.30, 32.98, 34.79 μg) of people in Hehuang Valley ( n = 448), Qaidam Basin ( n = 125), Qilian Mountain ( n = 157), and Qingnan Plateau ( n = 269) were compared, the difference was statistically significant ( F = 2.883, P < 0.05); among them, the daily dietary iodine intake per capita in Hehuang Valley was lower than that in Qingnan Plateau ( P < 0.05). The daily dietary iodine intake per capita of different nationalities were compared, the difference was statistically significant ( F = 3.647, P < 0.05), Salar ( n = 68) and Tibetan ( n = 239) were higher (37.21 and 32.21 μg). The daily dietary iodine intake per capita (38.97, 17.01, 30.86, 33.14 μg) of annual per capita disposable income < 8 000 ( n = 194), 8 000-( n = 221), 10 000-( n = 302), ≥12 000 Yuan ( n = 282) were compared, the difference was statistically significant ( F = 9.407, P < 0.05). The proportions of dietary iodine in urinary iodine of various population ranged from 5.35% to 15.54%. Conclusions:The iodine nutrition of people in Qinghai Province is suitable, the dietary iodine intake of people is closely related to geographical environment, nationality and economic level. But the proportion of dietary iodine in urinary iodine is relatively low, the consumption of iodized salt is still the main way for people to intake iodine, and it is also the main measure to continuously eliminate the harm of iodine deficiency in Qinghai Province.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of imaging features of primary lesions combined with venous phase CT value in predicting central group lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) .Methods:Clinical data of 170 PTC patients who underwent central group LN dissection in the First People's Hospital of Handan City of Hebei Province from January 2017 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into different groups according to whether central group LN metastasis or not, and there were 89 patients with central group LN metastasis and 81 patients without central group LN metastasis. The CT value and imaging features of primary lesions in different periods were analyzed, and the imaging features of primary lesions combined with venous phase CT values to predict the central group LN metastasis were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in CT value in plain scan phase and CT value, net increased CT value, standardized CT value in arterial phase between patients with and without central group LN metastasis (all P>0.05) . The CT value, net increased CT value and standardized CT value in venous phase of patients with central group LN metastasis were (113.84±22.95) HU, (59.05±12.10) HU and 0.72±0.14 respectively, which were significantly higher than those of patients without central group LN metastasis [ (103.99±17.67) HU, (51.29±14.45) HU and 0.59±0.10] ( t=3.26, P<0.001; t=3.81, P<0.001; t=3.67, P<0.001) . ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for diagnosing central group LN metastasis of PTC patients was 0.75, 0.70 and 0.76 when the cut-off values of CT value, net increased CT value and standardized CT value in venous phase were 115.78 HU, 62.37 HU and 0.75 respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the diameter of primary focus and the contact area of thyroid capsule between patients with and without central group LN metastasis ( Z=-2.34, P=0.019; Z=-2.08, P=0.037) . There were no statistically significant differences between calcification and primary lesion location (both P>0.05) . Lesion diameter >2 cm (87.73%) and capsule contact range ≥1/2 (92.17%) had the highest specificity in predicting central group LN metastasis. The imaging features of primary lesion combined with standardized CT value in venous phase was in good agreement with histopathological diagnosis results in predicting central group LN metastasis (Kappa=0.475) , and the sensitivity and specificity were 73.12% and 82.75% respectively. Conclusion:The imaging features of the primary lesion combined with CT value in venous phase have a good clinical value in predicting central group LN metastasis in PTC patients. Patients with primary lesion diameter >2 cm, capsule contact range ≥1/2 and the standardized CT value in venous phase >0.75 are more likely to have central group LN metastasis.

Objective:We aimed to analyze the the genotyping of norovirus infectious diarrhea epidemic in Songjiang district, Shanghai, and explored the experience in handling the epidemic to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and treatment strategies.Methods:The epidemiological data and related samples of 69 outbreaks of infectious diarrhea caused by norovirus was collected from 2017 to 2019 in Songjiang district, Shanghai. Sequencing and type identification were performed by the method of gene sequencing for the junction region of Norovirus ORF1 and ORF2.Results:From 2017 to 2019, 69 outbreaks of norovirus infections diarrhea were reported in Songjiang district, Shanghai. A total of 1 767 samples were tested, including 619 case samples (positive rate 19.9%), 343 practitioner samples (positive rate 1.1%), 505 environmental samples (positive rate 0.5%) and 300 food samples (not detected). 141 sequences were obtained, and the genotype analysis showed that the genotype that mainly caused infectious diarrhea in 2017 and 2018 was GII.P16-GII.2 (50.98%, 26/51). In 2019, the genotypes that mainly caused infectious diarrhea were GII.P16-GII.2 (13.73%, 7/51) and GII.Pe-GII.4 (9.80%, 5/51).Conclusion:The main genotype of the 69 outbreaks of nororirus infectious diarrhea epidemic in Songjiang district, Shanghai from 2017 to 2019 was GII.P16-GII.2, which showed obvious peaks in spring, autumn and winter. There were more infections in kindergartens and schools. The surveillance of norovirus infection should be strengthened.

Objective:We aimed to analyze the the genotyping of norovirus infectious diarrhea epidemic in Songjiang district, Shanghai, and explored the experience in handling the epidemic to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and treatment strategies.Methods:The epidemiological data and related samples of 69 outbreaks of infectious diarrhea caused by norovirus was collected from 2017 to 2019 in Songjiang district, Shanghai. Sequencing and type identification were performed by the method of gene sequencing for the junction region of Norovirus ORF1 and ORF2.Results:From 2017 to 2019, 69 outbreaks of norovirus infections diarrhea were reported in Songjiang district, Shanghai. A total of 1 767 samples were tested, including 619 case samples (positive rate 19.9%), 343 practitioner samples (positive rate 1.1%), 505 environmental samples (positive rate 0.5%) and 300 food samples (not detected). 141 sequences were obtained, and the genotype analysis showed that the genotype that mainly caused infectious diarrhea in 2017 and 2018 was GII.P16-GII.2 (50.98%, 26/51). In 2019, the genotypes that mainly caused infectious diarrhea were GII.P16-GII.2 (13.73%, 7/51) and GII.Pe-GII.4 (9.80%, 5/51).Conclusion:The main genotype of the 69 outbreaks of nororirus infectious diarrhea epidemic in Songjiang district, Shanghai from 2017 to 2019 was GII.P16-GII.2, which showed obvious peaks in spring, autumn and winter. There were more infections in kindergartens and schools. The surveillance of norovirus infection should be strengthened.