To introduce the implication,research overview and appraisal method of patient reported outcome being used in the clinical research of stroke.The basic process and principle of stroke-associated scale research was described in this article,the author think that PRO can be the important supplement of clinical therapeutic e ect evaluation of stroke.The study method of PRO is worth to extension and application in clinical research of other chronic disease.

Objective To review the clinical characteristics of idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH).Methods The clinical and pathological data of 10 patients with idiopathic portal hypertension admitted from December 2008 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 10 patients 5 were males and 5 females with averaged age of (38.6 ± 16.1) years.There were splenomegaly and esophageal varices in all 10 cases,upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 3 cases,thrombocytopenia in 9 cases and anemia in 6 cases.Liver function was normal in 7 cases,mild abnormality in 3 cases.Ten cases underwent ultrasound examination and 7 cases had CT scan,cirrhosis was suggested with ultrasound/CT scan in 6 cases.Liver histology showed lobular architecture in existence,no false flocculus to form,variable degree of portal fibrosis appeared.Eight cases were misdiagnosed as liver cirrhosis,the duration of misdiagnosis varied from 1 month to 15 years.Conclusions The clinical manifestation of IPH is similar as cirrhosis caused portal hypertension.Liver histopathological examination can exclude liver cirrhosis,and portal fibrosis and liver terminal portal branch occlusion in histopathology is helpful to the diagnosis of IPH.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of allicin on intestinal mucosal barrier of septic rats so as to explore the possible mechanism.Methods Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into sham,septic model and allicin treatment group.Septic model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats.Rats in the treatment group were administered with allicin (30 mg/kg,ip)at 6 h and 12 h after modeling,while those in the model and sham groups were treated with equal amount of saline instead.Rats were sacrificed at 24 h and the serum D-lactic acid,diamine oxidase (DAO) and fluorescence isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-Dextran,FD-40) were determined to evaluate the intestinal mucosal barrier function.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),malondialdehyde (MDA),and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in intestinal tissue were measured.Histopathological changes of intestinal mucosa injury were assessed by Hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results Compared with the sham group,levels of serum D-lactic acid,DAO and FD-40 increased significantly in the CLP group (D-lactic acid:599.4±101.1 vs.149.2±20.63 nmoL/mL,t=11.84,P＜0.01;DAO:302.1 ±64.5 vs.76.57±14.76 ng/mL,t=9.433,P＜0.01;FD-40:6664.0±1437.0vs.1446.0±205.0 ng/mL,t =9.704,P ＜0.01);intestinal morphology damage occurred in the CLP group;intestinal levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and MDA increased greatly (TNF-αt:186.35 ±20.43 vs.58.76 ±8.94 pg/mL,t=17.23,P＜0.01;IL-6:763.25±85.23vs.125.36±14.37 pg/mL,t=22.54,P＜0.01;MDA:29.36±3.27vs.7.24±0.85 nmol/mg prot,t=16.61,P＜0.01),while SOD activity reduced (35.75±6.53 vs.73.26 ±8.35 U/rmg prot,t =10.57,P ＜0.01) in the CLP group.Allicin treatment greatly inhibited the increase of D-lactic acid,DAO and FD-40 levels in rat plasma caused by CLP (D-lactic acid:330.1 ±81.77 vs.599.4±101.1 nmol/mL,t=7.086,P＜0.01;DAO:171.8±49.70vs.302.1±64.56ng/mL,t=5.45,P＜0.01;FD-40:3349.0±1167.0 vs.6664.0±1437.0 ng/mL,t=6.165,P＜0.01);intestinal morphology damage was improved in the allicin treatment group;allicin treatment greatly inhibited the intestinal levels of TNF-o,IL-6 and MDA and preserved the intestinal SOD activity compared with the CLP group (TNF-α:95.37 ±12.68 vs.186.35 ±20.43 pg/mL,t =12.29,P＜0.01;IL-6:354.27±46.27vs.763.25±85.23pg/mL,t=14.45,P＜0.01;MDA:16.27±3.14vs.29.36±3.27 nmol/mgprot,t=9.831,P＜0.01;SOD:55.35 ±6.23vs.35.75±6.53 U/mgprot,t=5.522,P ＜0.01).Conclusions Allicin could inhibit local inflammation and oxidative stress in the intestine and exerts protective effect on intestinal mucosal barrier of septic rats.

Aims To study single dose toxicity of poly-phenols effective parts from Punica granatum,to eval-uate their safety,and thus to provide a theoretical basis for drug development and clinical use.To observe their protective effect on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats.Methods 50 healthy Kunming mice were ran-domly divided into five groups and given different doses of polyphenols’effective parts from Punica granatum via intragastric administration.Toxicity and death in each group of mice were observed and recorded after administration for 14 d.The median lethal dose was calculated by Bliss method.70 rats were randomly di-vided into normal group,model group(constant volume of normal saline),sanjiuweitai particles(1 850 mg· kg-1 )group,colloidal bismuth subcitrate (33 mg · kg-1 )group and polyphenols effective parts from Puni-ca granatum low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose(430, 852,1 704 mg·kg-1 )groups.On the 9th day of 10 days’gavage,all except the normal group were fed ethanol (1.5 mL/only)to induce gastric mucosal inju-ry in rats with acute gastric ulcer.Gastric ulcer index, the rate of ulcer inhibition were calculated for each group.The morphological changes of gastric mucosa were observed.The gastric mucosa levels of PGE2 , NO,SOD and MDA were determined.Results The LD50 and 95%confidence limit of the polyphenols’ef-fective parts from Punica granatum were 8 520.9 mg· kg-1 and 7 291.2 ~9 914.4 mg·kg-1,respectively. Pathology showed that the organs receiving dose of 16 000 mg · kg-1 had different degrees of damage . Compared with the model group,the extract from Puni-ca granatum significantly repaired the gastric mucosa, and significantly increased the gastric mucosa levels of NO and reduced MDA content,and improved SOD content and the levels of PGE2 .Conclousion The dose of 5 063 mg · kg-1 of polyphenols effective part from Punica granatum showed no death.The dose of 16 000 mg · kg-1 of polyphenols effective parts from Punica granatum could cause varying degrees of dam-age in heart,liver,lung,kidney or the death of mice. The LD50 and 95% confidence limit of the polyphenols effective parts from Punica granatum were 8 520.9 mg ·kg-1 and 7 291.2 ~9 914.4 mg·kg-1,respective-ly.The extract from Punica granatum plays a protective role against gastric mucosa damage induced by absolute ethanol,and the mechanism may be related to promo-ting ulcer epithelial cells synthesis,enhancing mucosal regeneration function,regulating NO content and en-hancing antioxidant capacity.

Aim To prepare soluble human C1 q and tumor necrosis factor related protein-6 in Escherichia coli and analyze the bioactivity. Methods Recombi-nant plasmid was transformed into E. coli expression strain, and the recombinant protein Trx-hCTRP6 was expressed induced by IPTG and then purified. Results Trx-hCTRP6 was expressed efficiently and purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and Superdex G-75 column. The purified Trx-hCTRP6 was shown to be active under in vivo and in vitro assay conditions. Con-clusion Active Trx-hCTRP6 is efficiently prepared from E. coli protein expression system.

Objective To assess the safety and efficiency of systematic transperineal ultrasound guided template positioning biopsy for the high-risk population of prostate cancer.Methods From January 2010 to January 2012 a total of 42 high-risk men of prostate cancer underwent systematic ultrasound guided biopsy using the transperineal template positioning technique.All patients got at least one previous biopsy,and all the patients showed negative results,including prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia,and/or atypical small cell acinar proliferation.During the follow-up,all the patients still had high prostate specific antigen (PSA) velocity (＞ 0.75 μg/L) or high PSA level (＞ 10 μg/L).Results A mean of 18.7 biopsy cores had been obtained.Cancer was identified in 19 of the 42 men (44％).The mean Gleason score was 6 (from 4 to 9).Mean prostate volume in the positive and negative biopsy groups was 44 and 71 ml.The only significant independent influence factor for positive biopsy was prostate volume (P ＜ 0.05).The positive rate showed no statistic difference in term of presence of PIN,AHH,the number of biopsy sites,or PSA value (P ＞0.05).Adenocarcinoma was found in transition zone in 14 of 19 cases (74％),and 5 (36％) was positive only in the transition zone.Complications were rare and self-limiting,including hematuria (29％)and urinary retention (0.9％).Conclusions Systematic transperineal template positioning biopsy of the prostate is a safe and precise biopsy technique in patients who remain at high-risk for prostate adenocarcinoma.

Objective:To combine the detection of serum levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and T-cell spot test (T-spot.TB),and to explore their significances in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods:159 patients suspected with pulmonary tuberculosis were selected and divided into pulmonary tuberculosis group and non-tuberculosis group (n=68);80 healthy people were randonly selected as healthy control group.The serum ADA levels and number of T-spot of the subjects in three groups were detected.Ther serum ADA levels and the positive rates of T-spot.TB in various groups and their sensitivities and specifities were compared. Results:The serum ADA level of the patients in pulmonary tuberculosis gruop was (22.10±6.60)U·L-1;those in non-tuberculosis group and healthy control group were (16.90±6.35)and (8.70±5.98)U·L-1;the serum ADA level in pulmonary tuberculosis group was significantly higher than those in non-tuberculosis group and heathy control group (P<0.05).The positive rate of serum ADA level in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was 56% and the T-spot.TB positive rate in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was 87.9%. Combined use of parallel test, the detection sensitivity was 91.2%;using the series of joint tests,the specificity was 94.6%.Conclusion:Combined detection of serum level of ADA and T-spot.TB can significantly improve the clinical diagnosis efficacy of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective To discuss the prognosis of the metastatic prostatic carcinoma and analyze the relative factors. Methods From 2001 to 2002, 32 cases of matastatic prostatic carcinoma were admitted to our hospital, the ages ranging from 54 to 87, with the mean age of 71 years. All the diagnosis was proved by the six cores transrectal biopsy of the prostate. The serum PSA ranged from 63 to 2000 ng/ml. Two cases had the Gleason score of 2 - 6, 19 cases had the Gleason score of 7 and 11 cases had the Gleason score of 8 - 10. Preoperative routine examinations included serum testosterone, pelvic CT or MRI scan, CXR and bone scan. Twenty-seven cases were found to have osseous metastasis, among them 8 cases combined with lymph nodes metastasis, and 5 cases with lymph nodes metastasis only. All of them were treated with gonadectomy and the blockade of the androgen receptor (with Bicalutamide 50 mg/d or Flutamide 250 mg/d). It lasted 7 - 48 months with first endocrine therapy,and mid last time 23 months. After first line endocrine therapy failure, Diethylstilbestrol and Estramustine were used in the androgen-independent stage. Thirteen cases were not effective, and second therapy had effect to 19 cases and it lasted for 3 - 15 months. Results The follow-up periods ranged from 13 to 98 months, with the mean period of 33 months. Twenty-eight cases died, 4 cases survived. The median survial period was 37 months, 1-year survival rate was 100% (32/32), 3-year survival rate was 53%(17/32) , 5-year survival rate was 19%(6/23). As to the survival period, there were negative correlaions between survival and the level of PSA (r= -0. 262, P=0. 045) and the Gl-eason score (r=- 0. 624, P=0. 001). There were positive correlations between survival and the level of testosterone (r=0. 514, P=0. 008) and the age (r=0. 311, P = 0. 032). And there was no correlation between survival and the number of the positive cores of the biopsy (r=0. 211, F = 0. 158) and the clinical stage (r=0. 211, P = 0. 352). Conclusions As to the metastatic prostatic carcinoma, there are correlations between the survival and the levels of testosterone before treatment, age, the Gl-eason score and the level of PSA. There is no relationship between the survival period of the metastatic prostatic carcinoma and the number of the positive cores of the biopsy and the clinical stage.

Objective To investigate the changes and mechanisms of immune function after ischemic stroke by studying the reaction of C57BL/6mice's lung and spleen after ischemic stroke.Methods Sixteen mice C57BL/6 were randomly assigned to experiment group (n=8) and control group (n=8).The acute ischemic stroke model was established in experiment group by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) and no stroke was performed in control group.Then we observed the lung inflammation by HE staining of the lung.And we measured the spleen weight,spleen weight index,the count and the apoptosis index of spleen cells of mice in two groups.Results Compared with the control group,the count of the inflammatory cells in lung of mice in the experiment group was higher,the spleen weight,spleen weight index and spleen cells count of the experiment group were decreased and the apoptosis index of spleen cells of the experiment group was higher.Conclusion The mice in the experiment group have inflammatory reaction in lung,the spleen atrophied and the apoptosis index of spleen cells is increased,which suggest that stroke-induced apoptosis of immunocytes may cause immunodepression after ischemic stroke and easily lead to the infection.

BACKGROUND:Repairing tuberculosis bone defect has become a research focus with the development of anti-tuberculosis functional bone tissue engineering scaffold. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the preparation, drug release performance and osteogenic properties of the anti-tuberculosis functional bone tissue engineering scaffold. METHODS:PubMed, Chinese Journal Ful-text Database, Wanfang databases were searched by computer for articles addressing functional bone tissue engineering scaffold for repair of tuberculosis bone defect. The keywords were“bone tissue engineering scaffold;tuberculosis;bone defect”in English and Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The anti-tuberculosis functional bone tissue engineering scaffold has good drug delivery, biocompatibility, osteogenic properties and anti-tuberculosis properties. As a good choice to avert bone defect relapse, the scaffold enables a long and stable drug release into bone defects to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-tuberculosis drugs topical y. Given the technical deficiencies, we can only combine two drugs with the anti-tuberculosis bone tissue engineering scaffold, although the combined use of three or four anti-tuberculosis drugs is preferred. Additional y, a complete course of anti-tuberculosis treatment often lasts for 6-12 months, which cannot be achieved by the existing anti-tuberculosis bone tissue engineering scaffold. Up to now, the effect of this scaffold has not yet been confirmed in animal models, although how to prepare this scaffold has been reported.