Objective To evaluate the effects of transplant adductor brevis and gracilis to correct scissors gait in spastic cerebral palsy. Methods From July 2000 to December 2004, 73 patients with scissors gait of spastic cerebral palsy were treated with transplantation of adductor brevis and gracilis, 47 were males and 26 were females, with the average of 12.06 years old. According to Ashworth's standard, the muscle tension was evaluated before surgery. 12 cases were in degree Ⅰ, 38 cases were in degreeⅡ, 18 cases in degree Ⅲ and 5 cases in degree Ⅳ. The end of adductor brevis was cut off and sutured with tensor fasciae latae through the tunnel under the skin, the end of gracilis was cut off and transplanted to the lateral condylus of femur through the back of the knee. Some certain surgery completed at the same time, the semitendious and biceops muscle was transplanted to the front of the knee(37 cases) and extended(13 cases), the soft tissue was released in hip joint(55 cases), the gastrocnemius cut off (32 cases), the Achilles's tendon extended(30 cases) and tibialis anterior lateral transplantation (31 cases), only peroneus longus lateral transplantation (8 cases). After operation the lower limbs was fixed with plaster cast for 6 weeks, then the plaster cast was removedassociating with functional exercise. The orthopaedic results were evaluated on the function of hip, knee, foot-malleoious and the gait, then classified four grades. Results All patients were followed up an average of 24.4 months. The scissors gait was corrected completely, 61 cases were excellent, 10 cases were good, 2 cases were fair. The majority symptom of whem was the knee flexure, but can be relieved by medicine. There were significant differences compared pre-operation with post-operation in four groups, and also between degree Ⅳ group and degree Ⅰand Ⅱgroup(P

The scientific research of education is a kind of activity in which we discover and reveal the unknown educational phenomenon, the essence and rule of it. As question study is the key of the educational research, then the quality and success of scientific research have to depend on whether a true question can be found or not. In the following article, I first analyzed the concept of Question? Secondly , based on the traditional standpoint of Theory of Truth and the viewpoints of some scholars, what was true question was discussed. Finally I made a primary analysis of true question.

Needling Point Jiaji ( Ex-B 2), Dachangshu ( BL 25), Huantiao ( GB 30), Weizhong ( BL 40), and Yanglingquan (GB 34) etc with the cooperation of traction, treated lumbar intervertebral disk displacement.The effective rate was 91.3%.

0. 05) . (2) AA in the concentrations of 80 and 160?g/ml significantly elevated LDH release rates of HK-2 and hRIFs ( P

AIM: To investigate the feasibility to inhibit the expression of MHCⅡ by special siRNA targeting class Ⅱ major histocompatibility complex (MHC Ⅱ) transactivator (CⅡTA), which might regulate MHC Ⅱexpression for suppressing immune rejection. METHODS: Five different siRNA were designed, synthesized and transfected into freshly isolated rat corneal keratocytes. At 24 hours posttransfection, the changes of MHC Ⅱexpression were detected by flowcytometry, and the mRNA abundance of CⅡTA and MHC Ⅱ was measured by FQ-PCR after inducing with recombinant rat interferon-gamma (IFN-?). RESULTS: Different siRNA showed different reduction in MHC Ⅱ and CⅡTA expression compared with the control (P

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM), which is an autoimmune disease, mostly affect people with hereditary susceptibility under the joint participation of environmental factors.It is known to coexist with other autoimmune disorders such as celiac disease(CD). The prevalence of CD is higher in patients with type 1 diabetes compared with the general population.Most patients affected with both T1DM and CD are atypical for CD at diagnosis, and may be misdiagnosed and subsequently suffered from the delayed treatment.These patients are more likely to develop symptomatic hypoglycemia, or poor blood glucose control, leading to an increased risk of chronic complications and seriously affecting the quality of their life.Thus, screening for CD is recommended in patients with T1DM.Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody is the preferred biomarker for CD screening in children and adolescents over 2 years of age, with a sensitivity of 95% to 100% and a specificity of 94% to 100%.And a low-carbohydrate diet is often combined with a gluten-free diet.

Dental Pulp Cavity ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Molar ; abnormalities

Objective To further improve the morphological materials of AGs by micro-dissection, histology and CT, we observed the arachnoid granulations (AGs) in middle cranial fossa. Methods Thirty-three adult cadaveric heads were used for microsurgical dissection;Histological sections of AG specimens from 3 cadaver heads were examined. Forty patients who had both normal conventional brain CT and computed tomographic venography (CTV) were retrospectively reviewed. Results In middle cranial fossa the AGs occur in the following situations in order of frequency: the middle meningeal sinus, sphenoparietal sinus, lateral foramen rotundum and cavernous sinus. AGs usually show round, oval in shape and irregular in shape. AGs can be divided into individual type and leaflet type under light microscope. The numbers of AGs were observed by microanatomy and CTV were 8.72 and 3.52 respectively. The AGs of cavernous sinus was not localized precisely on CTV. Conclusion Study of the AGs in the middle cranial fossa systematically and comprehensively enriches anatomy and image knowledge. It is helpful in neurosurgical planning and choosing operalion procedure to avoid postoperative complications.

Objective To explore the potential relationship between the mast cells (MCs) in renal interstitium and the renal interstitial fibrosis in lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Renal biopsy specimens from patients with types Ⅲ,Ⅳand Vof LN (n=10, respectively), and with minimal change diseases (n=11,as control) were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry staining and immunofluorescence double-staining were used to detect the amount of MCs, the expression of proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1) and collagen type I (Col I ) in the renal tissues. Results The amount of MCs in renal interstitium, the positive areas of PAR-2 and TGF-?1 in the renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), the amount of PAR-2-positive cells and TGF-?1-positive cells in renal interstitium, and the positive areas of Col I in the renal inter stitium were all higher in three LN groups compared with those in control. Furthermore, among the three LN groups, the above-mentioned parameters were the highest in type Ⅳ and second in type Ⅲ.There were significant positive correlations between the amount of MCs in renal interstitium and the positive areas of PAR-2, TGF-?1 in RTECs as well as the positive areas of Col I in renal interstitium (r=0.513, 0.508, 0.611, respectively, P

Objective To explore the potential relationship between tryplase-positive mast cells (MCs) infiltration and renal interstitial fibrosis in acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) and chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN). Methods Renal biopsy specimens from patients with AIN (n=11) and CIN (n=16) were studied and 11 patients in minimal change diseases (MM)were as controls. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry staining assay were applied to delect the expression of tryptase, proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), TGF-?1 and collagen type I (Col I )in the renal tissues. Immunofluo-rescence double-staining assay was used to assess the relationship among MCs, PAR-2-positive cells, and TGF-?1-positive cells in the renal interstitium respectively. Results MCs in AIN and CIN were significantly increased compared with those in controls and were mainly scattered in the fibrotic areas of renal interstitium. The relative immunostaining areas for PAR-2, TGF-?1 in the renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) and Col I were significantly larger in AIN and CIN than those in controls respectively (P